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- Vergniory, M. G., et al.
(författare)
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Exchange interaction and its tuning in magnetic binary chalcogenides
- 2014
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - : American Physical Society. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 89:16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using a first-principles Green's function approach we study magnetic properties of the magnetic binary tetradymite chalcogenides Bi2Se3, Bi2Te3, and Sb2Te3. The magnetic coupling between transition-metal impurities is long range, extends beyond a quintuple layer, and decreases with increasing number of d electrons per 3d atom. We find two main mechanisms for the magnetic interaction in these materials: the indirect exchange interaction mediated by free carriers and the indirect interaction between magnetic moments via chalcogen atoms. The calculated Curie temperatures of these systems are in good agreement with available experimental data. Our results provide deep insight into exchange interactions in magnetic binary tetradymite chalcogenides and open a way to design new materials for promising applications.
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- Schuck, Sebastian D, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of T-cell antigens specific for latent mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
- 2009
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - San Fransisco, USA : Public Library Science. - 1932-6203. ; 4:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: T-cell responses against dormancy-, resuscitation-, and reactivation-associated antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are candidate biomarkers of latent infection in humans.Methodology/Principal findings: We established an assay based on two rounds of in vitro restimulation and intracellular cytokine analysis that detects T-cell responses to antigens expressed during latent M. tuberculosis infection. Comparison between active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients and healthy latently M. tuberculosis-infected donors (LTBI) revealed significantly higher T-cell responses against 7 of 35 tested M. tuberculosis latency-associated antigens in LTBI. Notably, T cells specific for Rv3407 were exclusively detected in LTBI but not in TB patients. The T-cell IFNgamma response against Rv3407 in individual donors was the most influential factor in discrimination analysis that classified TB patients and LTBI with 83% accuracy using cross-validation. Rv3407 peptide pool stimulations revealed distinct candidate epitopes in four LTBI.Conclusions: Our findings further support the hypothesis that the latency-associated antigens can be exploited as biomarkers for LTBI.
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- Golparian, Daniel, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Genomic evolution of Neisseria gonorrhoeae since the preantibiotic era (1928-2013) : antimicrobial use/misuse selects for resistance and drives evolution
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMC Genomics. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2164. ; 21:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Multidrug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains are prevalent, threatening gonorrhoea treatment globally, and understanding of emergence, evolution, and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in gonococci remains limited. We describe the genomic evolution of gonococci and their AMR, related to the introduction of antimicrobial therapies, examining isolates from 1928 (preantibiotic era) to 2013 in Denmark. This is, to our knowledge, the oldest gonococcal collection globally.METHODS: Lyophilised isolates were revived and examined using Etest (18 antimicrobials) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Quality-assured genome sequences were obtained for 191 viable and 40 non-viable isolates and analysed with multiple phylogenomic approaches.RESULTS: Gonococcal AMR, including an accumulation of multiple AMR determinants, started to emerge particularly in the 1950s-1970s. By the twenty-first century, resistance to most antimicrobials was common. Despite that some AMR determinants affect many physiological functions and fitness, AMR determinants were mainly selected by the use/misuse of gonorrhoea therapeutic antimicrobials. Most AMR developed in strains belonging to one multidrug-resistant (MDR) clade with close to three times higher genomic mutation rate. Modern N. gonorrhoeae was inferred to have emerged in the late-1500s and its genome became increasingly conserved over time.CONCLUSIONS: WGS of gonococci from 1928 to 2013 showed that no AMR determinants, except penB, were in detectable frequency before the introduction of gonorrhoea therapeutic antimicrobials. The modern gonococcus is substantially younger than previously hypothesized and has been evolving into a more clonal species, driven by the use/misuse of antimicrobials. The MDR gonococcal clade should be further investigated for early detection of strains with predispositions to develop and maintain MDR and for initiation of public health interventions.
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- Valenti, Emanuele, et al.
(författare)
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Informal coercion in psychiatry : a focus group study of attitudes and experiences of mental health professionals in ten countries
- 2015
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Ingår i: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0933-7954 .- 1433-9285. ; 50:8, s. 1297-1308
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whilst formal coercion in psychiatry is regulated by legislation, other interventions that are often referred to as informal coercion are less regulated. It remains unclear to what extent these interventions are, and how they are used, in mental healthcare. This paper aims to identify the attitudes and experiences of mental health professionals towards the use of informal coercion across countries with differing sociocultural contexts.Focus groups with mental health professionals were conducted in ten countries with different sociocultural contexts (Canada, Chile, Croatia, Germany, Italy, Mexico, Norway, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom).Five common themes were identified: (a) a belief that informal coercion is effective; (b) an often uncomfortable feeling using it; (c) an explicit as well as (d) implicit dissonance between attitudes and practice-with wider use of informal coercion than is thought right in theory; (e) a link to principles of paternalism and responsibility versus respect for the patient's autonomy.A disapproval of informal coercion in theory is often overridden in practice. This dissonance occurs across different sociocultural contexts, tends to make professionals feel uneasy, and requires more debate and guidance.
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