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- Dahlman-Hoglund, A., et al.
(författare)
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Endotoxin in Aerosol Particles from Metalworking Fluids Measured with a Sioutas Cascade Impactor
- 2022
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Ingår i: Annals of Work Exposures and Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2398-7308 .- 2398-7316. ; 66:2, s. 260-268
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives The aim of this study was to characterize personal occupational exposure to endotoxin in size-separated airborne particles of MWF aerosol, using a Sioutas cascade impactor (SCI). Methods Exposure to inhalable fractions of MWF aerosol and endotoxin was measured by personal sampling of 52 individuals over an 8-h work shift using a PAS-6 sampler in parallel with a SCI (<0.25, 0.25-0.5, 0.5-1.0, 1.0-2.5, and 2.5-10 mu m). Aerosol mass concentration was measured for each worker with a real-time instrument (DataRAM) during a full shift. Samples of MWF were collected from the machines and central tanks during the work shift. Results A total of 117 measurements of inhalable MWF aerosols were made among 52 workers. The geometric mean of inhalable MWF aerosol was 0.16 mg m(-3) air. The geometric mean of endotoxin concentration on the inhalable sampler was 0.15 EU m(-3). Airborne endotoxin was found on all size fractions from the impactor, with the major part seen in the fraction (2.5-10 mu m). There was a correlation between the inhalable fraction of endotoxin measured by the PAS-6 sampler and on the SCI sampler (2.5-10 mu m), estimated to be 0.51 for all samples (P < 0.0001). The concentration of endotoxin varied between the MWFs, as did the proportion of Gram-negative bacteria among the culturable bacteria (>80% in one MWF and <1.5% in the other three). Conclusions The personal exposure to inhalable fractions of endotoxin contained in the MWF aerosol were low, where most of the endotoxin were found in fraction (2.5-10 mu m), measured by SCI. There are differences between factories and MWF systems regarding the distribution of endotoxin and so results from one context should not be generalized to other plants and systems. Compressed air was used for less than 10 min shift(-1). The mixed-effect model showed that working with open machines and grinding as cutting task were important determinants of exposure to inhalable aerosol. It is important to keep occupational exposure to aerosols low with the help of good ventilation systems, enclosed machines, and organization of work.
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- Hagell, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Apomorphine formulation may influence subcutaneous complications from continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusion in Parkinson's disease
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Neurology. - 0340-5354 .- 1432-1459. ; 267:11, s. 3411-3417
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Continuous subcutaneous (s.c.) apomorphine infusion is an effective therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD), but a limitation is the formation of troublesome s.c. nodules. Various chemically non-identical apomorphine formulations are available. Anecdotal experiences have suggested that shifting from one of these (Apo-Go PumpFill®; apoGPF) to another (Apomorphine PharmSwed®; apoPS) may influence the occurrence and severity of s.c. nodules. We, therefore, followed 15 people with advanced PD (median PD-duration, 15 years; median "off"-phase Hoehn and Yahr, IV) on apoGPF and with troublesome s.c. nodules who were switched to apoPS. Data were collected at baseline, at the time of switching, and at a median of 1, 2.5, and 7.3 months post-switch. Total nodule numbers (P < 0.001), size (P < 0.001), consistency (P < 0.001), skin changes (P = 0.058), and pain (P ≤ 0.032) improved over the observation period. PD severity and dyskinesias tended to improve and increase, respectively. Apomorphine doses were stable, but levodopa doses increased by 100 mg/day. Patient-reported apomorphine efficacy tended to increase and all participants remained on apoPS throughout the observation period; with the main patient-reported reason being improved nodules. These observations suggest that patients with s.c. nodules caused by apoGPF may benefit from switching to apoPS in terms of s.c. nodule occurrence and severity. Alternatively, observed benefits may have been due to the switch itself. As nodule formation is a limiting factor in apomorphine treatment, a controlled prospective study comparing local tolerance with different formulations is warranted.
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- Hoglund, A., et al.
(författare)
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Breakdown of cation vacancies into anion vacancy-antisite complexes on III-V semiconductor surfaces
- 2008
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 78:15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An asymmetric defect complex originating from the cation vacancy on (110) III-V semiconductor surfaces which has significantly lower formation energy than the ideal cation vacancy is presented. The complex is formed by an anion from the top layer moving into the vacancy, leaving an anion antisite-anion vacancy defect complex. By calculating the migration barrier, it is found that any ideal cation vacancies will spontaneously transform to this defect complex at room temperature. For stoichiometric semiconductors the defect formation energy of the complex is close to that of the often-observed anion vacancy, giving thermodynamic equilibrium defect concentrations on the same order. The calculated scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) plot of the defect complex is also shown to be asymmetric in the [1(1)over bar0] direction, in contrast to the symmetric one of the anion vacancy. This might therefore explain the two distinct asymmetric and symmetric vacancy structures observed experimentally by STM.
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- Meier, H. E. M., et al.
(författare)
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modeling the combined impact of changing climate and changing nutrient loads on the baltic sea environment in an ensemble of transient simulations for 1961 2099
- 2012
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Ingår i: Climate Dynamics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0930-7575 .- 1432-0894. ; 39:9-10, s. 2421-2441
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The combined future impacts of climate change and industrial and agricultural practices in the Baltic Sea catchment on the Baltic Sea ecosystem were assessed. For this purpose 16 transient simulations for 1961-2099 using a coupled physical-biogeochemical model of the Baltic Sea were performed. Four climate scenarios were combined with four nutrient load scenarios ranging from a pessimistic business-as-usual to a more optimistic case following the Baltic Sea Action Plan (BSAP). Annual and seasonal mean changes of climate parameters and ecological quality indicators describing the environmental status of the Baltic Sea like bottom oxygen, nutrient and phytoplankton concentrations and Secchi depths were studied. Assuming present-day nutrient concentrations in the rivers, nutrient loads from land increase during the twenty first century in all investigated scenario simulations due to increased volume flows caused by increased net precipitation in the Baltic catchment area. In addition, remineralization rates increase due to increased water temperatures causing enhanced nutrient flows from the sediments. Cause-and-effect studies suggest that both processes may play an important role for the biogeochemistry of eutrophicated seas in future climate partly counteracting nutrient load reduction efforts like the BSAP.
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