| 1. |
- Crosby, Jacy, et al.
(författare)
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Loss-of-Function Mutations in APOC3, Triglycerides, and Coronary Disease
- 2014
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Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 371:1, s. 22-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Plasma triglyceride levels are heritable and are correlated with the risk of coronary heart disease. Sequencing of the protein-coding regions of the human genome (the exome) has the potential to identify rare mutations that have a large effect on phenotype. Methods We sequenced the protein-coding regions of 18,666 genes in each of 3734 participants of European or African ancestry in the Exome Sequencing Project. We conducted tests to determine whether rare mutations in coding sequence, individually or in aggregate within a gene, were associated with plasma triglyceride levels. For mutations associated with triglyceride levels, we subsequently evaluated their association with the risk of coronary heart disease in 110,970 persons. Results An aggregate of rare mutations in the gene encoding apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) was associated with lower plasma triglyceride levels. Among the four mutations that drove this result, three were loss-of-function mutations: a nonsense mutation (R19X) and two splice-site mutations (IVS2+1G -> A and IVS3+1G -> T). The fourth was a missense mutation (A43T). Approximately 1 in 150 persons in the study was a heterozygous carrier of at least one of these four mutations. Triglyceride levels in the carriers were 39% lower than levels in noncarriers (P<1x10(-20)), and circulating levels of APOC3 in carriers were 46% lower than levels in noncarriers (P = 8x10(-10)). The risk of coronary heart disease among 498 carriers of any rare APOC3 mutation was 40% lower than the risk among 110,472 noncarriers (odds ratio, 0.60; 95% confidence interval, 0.47 to 0.75; P = 4x10(-6)). Conclusions Rare mutations that disrupt APOC3 function were associated with lower levels of plasma triglycerides and APOC3. Carriers of these mutations were found to have a reduced risk of coronary heart disease. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and others.)
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| 2. |
- Locke, Adam E, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic studies of body mass index yield new insights for obesity biology.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 518:7538, s. 197-401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Obesity is heritable and predisposes to many diseases. To understand the genetic basis of obesity better, here we conduct a genome-wide association study and Metabochip meta-analysis of body mass index (BMI), a measure commonly used to define obesity and assess adiposity, in up to 339,224 individuals. This analysis identifies 97 BMI-associated loci (P < 5 × 10(-8)), 56 of which are novel. Five loci demonstrate clear evidence of several independent association signals, and many loci have significant effects on other metabolic phenotypes. The 97 loci account for ∼2.7% of BMI variation, and genome-wide estimates suggest that common variation accounts for >20% of BMI variation. Pathway analyses provide strong support for a role of the central nervous system in obesity susceptibility and implicate new genes and pathways, including those related to synaptic function, glutamate signalling, insulin secretion/action, energy metabolism, lipid biology and adipogenesis.
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| 3. |
- Berglund, Tom, et al.
(författare)
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Employees on Corporate Boards
- 2016
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Ingår i: Multinational Finance Journal. - 1096-1879. ; 20:3, s. 237-271
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Employees in Swedish firms have the legal right to be represented on the company board. However, in a considerable share of Swedish listed firms, this option is not exercised. This paper asks why that is the case. We use a simple framework, based on rational choice by individual employees. Our sample consists of 226 listed non-financial Swedish firms in 2001-2007. The results are in line with our predictions. Employee board representation does not impact firm performance, neither positively nor negatively. The main driver of employee board representation is the number of eligible employees. Furthermore, employee board representation decreases with firm risk, slow growth, and internationalization. We conclude that when the law grants the right for employees to be represented on the board a simple model based on individual utility maximization provides an explanation for why the right is used in some firms and not in others.
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| 4. |
- Carlander, Anders, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Choices of savings options related to trust in banks’ competence, benevolence and stability
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Financial Services Marketing. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1363-0539 .- 1479-1846. ; 18:2, s. 121-136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study investigates whether beliefs in professional investor skill in conjunction with trust in banks and other fund managers explain choices of options for long-term savings. From questionnaire data obtained for a population-based sample (n=178) and a sample of undergraduates (n=186), two index measures were constructed, one of beliefs in the skill of professional investors and another of trust in fund managers. The trust index was aggregated for the three interrelated components: competence, benevolence and stability. Regression analyses of the likelihood of savings in an actively managed fund showed an expected effect of investor-skill beliefs that was mediated by trust in the fund manager. In addition, self-reported knowledge played a larger role than trust for choices of passively managed index funds and in particular for own investment in stocks.
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| 5. |
- Carlander, Anders, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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The role of perceived quality of personal service in influencing trust and satisfaction with banks
- 2018
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Ingår i: Financial Services Review. - 1057-0810. ; 27, s. 83-98
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Trust is of paramount importance to banks. Previous research has shown that trust increases with repeated personal contacts. We investigate if this applies to the customer-employee relationship in banks. Data from an on-line survey of 293 customers of Swedish retail banks are used to construct indicator measures. By means of structural equation modeling we find that trust in the bank is influenced by perceived quality of personal service through employees’ perceived competence, perceived benevolence, and perceived transparency, and that satisfaction with the bank is influenced by perceived quality of personal service through perceived competence, perceived benevolence, perceived transparency, and trust.
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| 6. |
- Dahlin, Torleif, et al.
(författare)
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ASSERT - Kontroll av markstabilisering med resistivitetstomografi (ERT)
- 2023
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Ingår i: ; , s. 219-228
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Soil stabilisation is becoming increasingly common for the development of areas withpoor bearing capacity. However, there is a need for better and volume-wide controlmethods for quality assurance. The control methods can be divided into two steps,where the first takes place in immediate connection to the mixing of binders to checkwhether the entire intended volume has been successfully treated, or whether thereare zones that need completion. The second step focuses on the strength of thestabilised volume and assumes that the binder has cured.The R&D project ASSERT focuses on quality control using electrical resistivitytomography (ERT). The idea is to use the method in immediate connection with themixing of binders to delineate the soil volume that has been treated with binders fromuntreated parts. ERT could then be used to quickly check the results of thestabilisation, so that supplementary measures can be taken in zones of insufficienttreatment while personnel and equipment are in place. Furthermore, there is potentialfor volume-wide quantification of strength growth via correlation between change inresistivity and change in strength during the curing process, but this would probablyneed to be done on a site specific basis.Testing and verification of the method takes place in different geomaterials in thelaboratory and in the field, including full-scale tests for different types ofstabilisations. Furthermore, method development and adaptation for the applicationare included, so that the method becomes sufficiently robust and fast to be usedroutinely in a sustainable manner. Field trials have been carried out by installingelectrodes in lime-cement columns and jet columns in direct connection to thestabilisation. Laboratory tests have so far been carried out for lime-cementstabilisation of clay and for stabilisation of dredged masses.
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| 7. |
- Dijk, Oege, et al.
(författare)
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Rank matters-The impact of social competition on portfolio choice
- 2014
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Ingår i: European Economic Review. - : Elsevier BV. - 0014-2921 .- 1873-572X. ; 66, s. 97-110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tournament incentives' schemes have been criticized for inducing excessive risk-taking among financial market participants. In this paper we investigate how relative performance-based incentive schemes and status concerns for higher rank influence portfolio choice in laboratory experiments. We find that both underperformers and over-performers adapt their portfolios to their current relative performance, preferring either positively or negatively skewed assets, respectively. Most importantly, these results hold both when relative performance is instrumental for higher payoffs in a tournament and when it is only intrinsically motivating and not payout-relevant. We find no effects when no relative performance information is given. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.
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| 8. |
- Doukas, John, et al.
(författare)
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Diversification, Ownership and Control of Swedish Corporations
- 2002
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Ingår i: European Financial Management. - 1354-7798. ; 8:3, s. 281-314
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study the short- and long-term valuation effects of Swedish takeovers. Using a sample of 93 bidding firms that acquired 101 targets between 1980 and 1995, we find that diversifying acquisitions lead to a negative market reaction and deterioration of the operating performance of the bidder. Announcement and performance gains in each of the three years following the acquisition occur only when bidders expand their core rather than their peripheral lines of business. Our findings suggest that focused acquisitions lead to greater synergies and operating efficiencies than diversifying acquisitions. Intra-group acquisitions, however, show that bidders do not realise significant gains whether they adopt diversifying or focusing investment strategies by purchasing firms controlled by the Wallenberg and SHB conglomerate groups. Intra-group targets realize significant gains regardless bidder’s investment strategy. Finally, the evidence does not support the view that intra-conglomerate acquisitions are associated with expropriation of minority shareholders. However, they appear to enhance the control rights of large shareholders of the bidding firm.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Fabretti, Annalisa, et al.
(författare)
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Convex incentives in financial markets: an agent-based analysis
- 2017
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Ingår i: Decisions in Economics and Finance. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1593-8883 .- 1129-6569. ; 40:1-2, s. 375-395
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2017, Springer-Verlag Italia S.r.l. We investigate whether convex incentive contracts are a source of instability of financial markets as indicated by the results of a continuous double-auction asset market experiment performed by Holmen et al. (J Econ Dyn Control 40:179–194, 2014). We develop a model to replicate the setting of the experiment and perform an agent-based simulation where agents have linear or convex incentives. Extending the simulation by varying features of actual asset markets that were not studied in the experiment, our main results show that increasing the number of convex incentive contracts increases prices and volatility and decreases market liquidity, measured both as bid–ask spreads and volumes. We also observe that the influence of risk aversion on traders’ decisions decreases when there are convex contracts and that increasing the differences in initial wealth among the traders has similar effects as increasing number of convex incentive contracts.
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