| 1. |
- Koskuvi, Marja, et al.
(författare)
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Lower complement C1q levels in first-episode psychosis and in schizophrenia
- 2024
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Ingår i: Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. - : Elsevier. - 0889-1591 .- 1090-2139. ; 117, s. 313-319
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent evidence has implicated complement component (C) 4A in excessive elimination of synapses in schizophrenia. C4A is believed to contribute to physiological synapse removal through signaling within the C1q initiated classical activation axis of the complement system. So far, a potential involvement of C1q in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia remains unclear. In this study, we first utilized large-scale gene expression datasets (n = 586 patients with schizophrenia and n = 986 controls) to observe lower C1QA mRNA expression in prefrontal cortex tissue of individuals with schizophrenia (P = 4.8x10-05), while C1QA seeded co-expression networks displayed no enrichment for schizophrenia risk variants beyond C4A. We then used targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LS-MS) to measure cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of C1qA in 113 individuals with first-episode psychosis (FEP), among which 66 individuals was later diagnosed with schizophrenia, and 87 healthy controls. CSF concentrations of C1qA were lower in individuals diagnosed with FEP (P = 0.0001), also after removing subjects with a short-term prescription of an antipsychotic agent (P = 0.0005). We conclude that C1q mRNA and protein levels are lower in schizophrenia and that further experimental studies are needed to understand the functional implications.
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| 2. |
- Holmén, Martin, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Inside shareholders’ effective tax rates and dividends
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Banking & Finance. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-4266 .- 1872-6372. ; 32:9, s. 1860-1869
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using information collected from the Swedish tax authorities, we calculate insiders’ actual effective tax rates on dividends. With this unique dataset, we find a significant negative cross-sectional relationship between insiders’ effective tax rates and dividend payout. This result is consistent with a tax-induced clientele effect for dividends. We also look at the impact of large block trades on dividends. We find that when insiders with zero effective taxes sell blocks, subsequent dividend payments are significantly more likely to decrease. This provides evidence that large shareholders are adjusting dividends for their individual tax situations.
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| 3. |
- Holmén, Martin, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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The Impact of Family Ownership and Dual Class Shares on Takeover Risk
- 2007
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Ingår i: Applied Financial Economics. - 0960-3107. ; 17, s. 785-804
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we explore the relation between the use of dual class shares and the risk of takeovers. Our results stress the need to control for the identity of the controlling owner in studies of corporate control and firm performance. For family controlled firms, we find that both the hazard rate of takeover and firm market value decline with the wedge between the families’ voting rights and cash flow rights. We conclude that due to non-transferable private benefits of control in family firms, dual class shares reduce the likelihood that the family will accept the terms of value enhancing takeovers and this translates into lower firm value.
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