| 1. |
- Åhman, Mats, et al.
(author)
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Nasal symptoms and pathophysiology in farmers
- 2001
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In: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. - 0340-0131 .- 1432-1246. ; 74:4, s. 279-84
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Increased morbidity and mortality in lower airway diseases have been reported among farmers. The aim of this study was to assess upper airway problems in farmers. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty-five dairy farmers, 20 pig farmers, 21 grain farmers and 19 control subjects were studied, by use of questionnaire, skin-prick test, dynamic spirometry, nasal inspection, acoustic rhinometry (before and after a decongestant) as well as by determinations of the olfactory threshold and nasal lavage (NAL) concentrations of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and albumin. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, farmers had more complaints of work-related symptoms from the lower airways, and symptoms of smell impairment, and more often had nasal polyps and hyperaemia of the nasal mucosa. They also had higher levels of MPO in NAL (especially dairy farmers and pig farmers), and a tendency to more swollen nasal mucosa and lower olfactory threshold (especially grain farmers). CONCLUSIONS: The farmers had more pathological findings in their nasal mucosa, possibly indicating effects of allergens and irritants in their work environment. More studies are needed to evaluate work environment factors causing these pathological findings in farmers.
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| 2. |
- Austeng, Dordi, et al.
(author)
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Incidence of and risk factors for neonatal morbidity after active perinatal care : extremely preterm infants study in Sweden (EXPRESS)
- 2010
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In: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 99:7, s. 978-992
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of neonatal morbidity in extremely preterm infants and to identify associated risk factors. Methods: Population based study of infants born before 27 gestational weeks and admitted for neonatal intensive care in Sweden during 2004-2007. Results: Of 638 admitted infants, 141 died. Among these, life support was withdrawn in 55 infants because of anticipation of poor long-term outcome. Of 497 surviving infants, 10% developed severe intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH), 5.7% cystic periventricular leucomalacia (cPVL), 41% septicaemia and 5.8% necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC); 61% had patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and 34% developed retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) stage >= 3. Eighty-five per cent needed mechanical ventilation and 25% developed severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Forty-seven per cent survived to one year of age without any severe IVH, cPVL, severe ROP, severe BPD or NEC. Tocolysis increased and prolonged mechanical ventilation decreased the chances of survival without these morbidities. Maternal smoking and higher gestational duration were associated with lower risk of severe ROP, whereas PDA and poor growth increased this risk. Conclusion: Half of the infants surviving extremely preterm birth suffered from severe neonatal morbidities. Studies on how to reduce these morbidities and on the long-term health of survivors are warranted.
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| 3. |
- Barck, Charlotte, et al.
(author)
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Does nitrogen dioxide affect inflammatory markers after nasal allergen challenge?
- 2005
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In: American Journal of Rhinology. - : SAGE Publications. - 1050-6586 .- 1539-6290. ; 19:6, s. 560-566
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Exposure to high ambient levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) enhances the bronchial inflammatory reaction to allergen in humans. We tested whether this NO2 effect occurs also in the upper airways. METHODS: Sixteen allergic subjects with rhinitis and mild asthma were exposed at rest to either purified air or 500 microg/m3 NO2 for 30 minutes, followed 4 hours later by a nasal allergen challenge. Nasal lavage was performed before air/NO2 exposure, before allergen challenge, and 1, 4 and 18 hours after allergen challenge. Symptoms were recorded. RESULTS: The percentage of eosinophils and neutrophils, eosinophil cationic protein, and myeloperoxidase were similar after exposure to air + allergen and to NO2 + allergen. We noticed a tendency to increased sneezing the day after exposure to NO2 + allergen. CONCLUSION: The priming effect of an ambient brief NO2 exposure on subsequent allergic response was not noticeable in activation of inflammatory cells and mediators in the upper airways.
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| 4. |
- Bengtsson, Caroline, et al.
(author)
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Chronic rhinosinusitis impairs sleep quality : results of the GA(2)LEN study
- 2017
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In: Sleep. - : Oxford University Press. - 0161-8105 .- 1550-9109. ; 40:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- STUDY OBJECTIVES: To analyse the prevalence of sleep problems in subjects with CRS and to determine whether the disease severity of CRS affects sleep quality.METHODS: Questionnaires were sent to a random sample of 45 000 adults in four Swedish cities. Questions on CRS, asthma, allergic rhinitis, co-morbidities, tobacco use, educational level and physical activity were included. CRS was defined according to the European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps (EPOS) epidemiological criteria. The disease severity of CRS was defined by the number of reported CRS symptoms. Sleep quality was assessed using the Basic Nordic Sleep Questionnaire.RESULTS: Of the 26 647 subjects, 2249 (8.4%) had CRS. Reported sleep problems were 50-90% more common among subjects with CRS compared with those without or the total population. The prevalence of reported sleep problems increased in conjunction with the severity of CRS. After adjusting for gender, BMI, age, tobacco use, asthma, somatic diseases, physical activity level and educational level, participants with four symptoms of CRS (compared with subjects without CRS symptoms) displayed a higher risk of snoring (adj. OR (95% CI): 3.13 (2.22-4.41)), difficulties inducing sleep (3.98 (2.94-5.40)), difficulties maintaining sleep (3.44 (2.55-4.64)), early morning awakening (4.71 (3.47-6.38)) and excessive daytime sleepiness (4.56 (3.36-6.18)). The addition of persistent allergic rhinitis to CRS further increased the risk of sleep problems.CONCLUSIONS: Sleep problems are highly prevalent among subjects with CRS. The disease severity of CRS negatively affects sleep quality.
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| 5. |
- Bengtsson, Caroline, et al.
(author)
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Sinonasal outcome test-22 and peak nasal inspiratory flow : valuable tools in obstructive sleep apnoea
- 2020
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In: Rhinology. - 0300-0729 .- 1996-8604. ; 58:4, s. 341-348
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Sinonasal complaints contribute to low adherence to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment. We aimed to investigate sinonasal health in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) patients, using the sinonasal outcome test-22 (SNOT-22), and to analyse whether SNOT-22 is affected by CPAP adherence. We also aimed to investigate whether peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) was able to predict adherence to CPAP. Methods:The study population comprised 197 OSA patients (60 females) initiating CPAP treatment The SNOT-22, PNIF and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale were assessed at baseline and follow-up. One-night polygraphy, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, peak expiratory flow and health-related issues were assessed at baseline. At follow-up, the patients were categorised into adherent (>4 hours/night) and non-adherent (<4 hours/night) to CPAP treatment. Results: The average time for following up CPAP treatment was (mean +/- SD) 24.0 +/- 23.9 days and it did not differ significantly between the groups.The SNOT-22 score was elevated among all OSA patients, 36.1 +/- 19.4.There was a larger improvement in the SNOT-22 score at follow-up among adherent CPAP users compared with non-adherent users (-10.4 +/- 13.9 vs. -3.2 +/- 15.4). A PNIF value of < 100 litres/min increased the risk of non-adherence to CPAP with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 2.40 ((95% CI 1.16-5.00)). Conclusions: The SNOT-22 was elevated in patients with OSA, indicating a considerable sinonasal disease burden.The SNOT-22 improved with good CPAP adherence. A low PNIF value was able to predict poor CPAP adherence. Both the SNOT-22 and PNIF can be valuable tools in the evaluation of OSA patients and in the management of CPAP treatment.
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| 6. |
- Bjermer, Leif, et al.
(author)
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The complex pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis : Scientific rationale for the development of an alternative treatment option
- 2019
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In: Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1710-1492. ; 15, s. 24-
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Allergic rhinitis (AR) poses a global health problem and can be challenging to treat. Many of the current symptomatic treatments for AR have been available for decades, yet there has been little improvement in patient quality of life or symptom burden over the years. In this review, we ask why this might be and explore the pathophysiological gaps that exist within the various AR treatment classes. We focus on the benefits and drawbacks of different treatment options and delivery routes for AR treatments and consider how, given what is known about AR pathophysiology and symptomatology, patients may be offered more effective treatment options for rapid, effective, and sustained AR control. In particular, we consider how a new AR preparation, MP-AzeFlu (Dymista ® , Meda, Sweden), comprising a formulation of an intranasal antihistamine (azelastine hydrochloride), an intranasal corticosteroid (fluticasone propionate), and excipients delivered in a single spray, may offer benefits over and above single and multiple AR therapy options. We review the evidence in support of this treatment across the spectrum of AR disease. The concept of AR control is also reviewed within the context of new European Union and Contre les Maladies Chroniques pour un VIeillissement Actif-Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma initiatives.
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| 7. |
- Cardell, L O, et al.
(author)
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Genes regulating molecular and cellular functions in noninfectious nonallergic rhinitis.
- 2009
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In: Allergy. - : Wiley. - 1398-9995 .- 0105-4538. ; 64:9, s. 1301-8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Chronic noninfectious, nonallergic rhinitis (NINAR) is a complex syndrome with a principally unknown pathophysiology. New technology has made it possible to examine differentially expressed genes and according to network theory, genes connected by their function that might have key roles in the disease.
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| 8. |
- Ehnhage, Anders, et al.
(author)
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Treatment of idiopathic rhinitis with kinetic oscillations : a multi-centre randomized controlled study
- 2016
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In: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6489 .- 1651-2251. ; 136:8, s. 852-859
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Conclusions: The potential effects of KOS are still uncertain regarding the most effective air pressure to be used as well as the physiological effects on the nasal mucosa. The results of the study do not support a convincing treatment effect by KOS on IR.Objectives: Idiopathic rhinitis (IR) is a common disorder, affecting ∼10-20% of the population. A new method for treating IR, Kinetic Oscillation Stimulation (KOS), has been reported to have beneficial effects on total vasomotor symptom scores (TVRSS). The primary objective with this study was to evaluate if a mean pressure of 65 mbar, pressure amplitude of 100 mbar, and 68Hz treatment with KOS had a positive effect on total vasomotor symptom scores (TVRSS), as compared with a mean pressure of 65 mbar, pressure amplitude of 4 mbar, and 68Hz treatment in patients with idiopathic rhinitis.Methods: Two hundred and seven patients were randomized (Full Analysis Set, FAS) in the study, including five visits and lasting for approximate to 25 weeks. All patients had two treatment episodes, and all patients had at least one treatment, meant as active, with high amplitude pressure for 10min in each nostril. Group 1 had two such treatments, and Group 2 had one treatment with low amplitude pressure, initially meant as placebo, on one occasion. Because of numerical improvements in these two groups, a new control group, Group 3, was introduced. They had one new control treatment where the balloon was inserted into the nose, without any air inflation and without oscillations.Results: KOS treatment with high amplitude pressure did not have significant beneficial effects as compared to low amplitude pressure on TVRSS. Numerical improvements in TVRSS and SNOT 22 were found when comparing high and low amplitude pressure treatments with uninflated balloon treatment. However, this part of the study was initially single-blinded, and these results were secondary objectives.
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| 9. |
- Fellman, Vineta, et al.
(author)
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One-year survival of extremely preterm infants after active perinatal care in Sweden.
- 2009
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In: JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 1538-3598 .- 0098-7484. ; 301:21, s. 2225-33
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Up-to-date information on infant survival after extremely preterm birth is needed for assessing perinatal care services, clinical guidelines, and parental counseling.
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| 10. |
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