| 1. |
- Frühbrodt, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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Verbenone—the universal bark beetle repellent? Its origin, effects, and ecological roles
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Pest Science. - 1612-4758. ; 97:1, s. 35-71
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bark beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) spend most of their life in tissues of host plants, with several species representing economically relevant pests. Their behaviour is largely guided by complex olfactory cues. The compound verbenone was discovered early in the history of bark beetle pheromone research and is now sometimes referred to as a ‘universal bark beetle repellent’. However, some studies aiming to protect trees with verbenone have failed. In fact, most research effort has gone into applied studies, leaving many questions regarding the ecological functions of verbenone for various species unanswered. Here, we review and analyse the scientific literature from more than 50 years. Behavioural responses to verbenone are common among pest bark beetles (< 1% of scolytine species studied so far). Indeed, attraction is inhibited in 38 species from 16 genera, while some secondary species are unaffected or even attracted to verbenone. It is not clear whether the beetles can control the biosynthesis of verbenone; its release may not be an active signal by the beetles, but a passive cue resulting from microorganisms during host colonisation. In this context, we advocate to recognise a bark beetle and its microbiome as an entity (‘holobiont’), to better understand temporal release patterns and deduce the specific function of verbenone for a given species. Surprisingly, natural enemies are not commonly attracted by verbenone, but more taxa need to be studied. A better understanding of the ecological functions of verbenone will help to make verbenone-based tools more effective and improve integrated pest management strategies.
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| 2. |
- Chaintreau, Alain, et al.
(författare)
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Site-specific C-13 content by quantitative isotopic C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry : a pilot inter-laboratory study
- 2013
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Ingår i: Analytica Chimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-2670 .- 1873-4324. ; 788, s. 108-113
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Isotopic C-13 NMR spectrometry, which is able to measure intra-molecular C-13 composition, is of emerging demand because of the new information provided by the C-13 site-specific content of a given molecule. A systematic evaluation of instrumental behaviour is of importance to envisage isotopic C-13 NMR as a routine tool. This paper describes the first collaborative study of intra-molecular C-13 composition by NMR. The main goals of the ring test were to establish intra-and inter-variability of the spectrometer response. Eight instruments with different configuration were retained for the exercise on the basis of a qualification test. Reproducibility at the natural abundance of isotopic C-13 NMR was then assessed on vanillin from three different origins associated with specific delta C-13(i) profiles. The standard deviation was, on average, between 0.9 and 1.2 parts per thousand for intra-variability. The highest standard deviation for inter-variability was 2.1%. This is significantly higher than the internal precision but could be considered good in respect of a first ring test on a new analytical method. The standard deviation of delta C-13(i) in vanillin was not homogeneous over the eight carbons, with no trend either for the carbon position or for the configuration of the spectrometer. However, since the repeatability for each instrument was satisfactory, correction factors for each carbon in vanillin could be calculated to harmonize the results.(C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Peter, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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A Framework for Managing Enterprise Architecture Debts : Outline and Research Directions
- 2020
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Even though enterprise architecture management (EAM) offers a wide range of methods and tools for aligning business with IT, an architect’s work is challenged by reality. The evolution of enterprise architecture (EA) and given constraints (e.g. legacy systems and processes) lead to debts which may complicate and hinder opportunities; however, the management of such debts has not been considered in EAM research. This paper presents a framework for strategically managing EA-debt-related issues and propose open questions as well as future research directions in this field.
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