| 1. |
- Ashton, Nicholas J., et al.
(author)
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An update on blood-based biomarkers for non-Alzheimer neurodegenerative disorders.
- 2020
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In: Nature Reviews Neurology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1759-4766 .- 1759-4758. ; 16, s. 265-284
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cerebrospinal fluid analyses and neuroimaging can identify the underlying pathophysiology at the earliest stage of some neurodegenerative disorders, but do not have the scalability needed for population screening. Therefore, a blood-based marker for such pathophysiology would have greater utility in a primary care setting and in eligibility screening for clinical trials. Rapid advances in ultra-sensitive assays have enabled the levels of pathological proteins to be measured in blood samples, but research has been predominantly focused on Alzheimer disease (AD). Nonetheless, proteins that were identified as potential blood-based biomarkers for AD, for example, amyloid-β, tau, phosphorylated tau and neurofilament light chain, are likely to be relevant to other neurodegenerative disorders that involve similar pathological processes and could also be useful for the differential diagnosis of clinical symptoms. This Review outlines the neuropathological, clinical, molecular imaging and cerebrospinal fluid features of the most common neurodegenerative disorders outside the AD continuum and gives an overview of the current status of blood-based biomarkers for these disorders.
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| 2. |
- Frida, Katona, et al.
(author)
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A melanoma és az agyi áttétképzödés molekuláris háttere
- 2017
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In: Orvosi Hetilap. - : Akademiai Kiado Zrt.. - 0030-6002 .- 1788-6120. ; 158:28, s. 1083-1091
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Malignant melanoma is one of the most aggressive tumors which often gives metastasis to distant organs thereby limiting the chances of survival. Brain metastasis occurs in nearly half of the advanced tumors. In order to improve outcome early diagnosis is important. The discovery and better understanding of genetic and epigenetic changes is essential for developing new effective therapies, which can designate promising therapeutic targets. Melanoma most often is caused by gene mutations of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling pathway, and the cell cycle regulatory molecules, respectively. The molecular process of brain metastasis has not been fully elucidated. In our review we summarize the genetic alterations and molecular mechanisms playing a role in the development of melanoma and its brain metastasis.
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| 3. |
- Hortobágyi, Tibor, et al.
(author)
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Pathophysiology of meningioma growth in pregnancy
- 2017
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In: Open Medicine (Poland). - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 2391-5463. ; 12:1, s. 195-200
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Meningioma is among the most frequent brain tumours predominantly affecting elderly women. Epidemiological studies have shown that at the age of fertility the incidence is relatively low. The biological behaviour of meningioma in pregnancy is different from other meningiomas. The possible explanation is rooted in the complex physiological changes and hormonal differences during pregnancy. The increased meningioma growth observed in pregnancy is presumably the result of endocrine mechanisms. These include increase in progesterone, human placental lactogen (hPL) and prolactin (PRL) serum levels. In contrast, levels of pituitary hormones such as follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) produced by the placenta are decreasing in the mother prior to childbirth. Besides, vascular factors also play a crucial role. Peritumoral brain edema (PTBE), with well-known causative association with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), can often be seen both with imaging and in the surgical specimens. Our aim is to assess published research on this topic including diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines, and to provide a clinically useful overview on the pathophysiology and biological behaviour of this rare complication of pregnancy.
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