| 1. |
- Andersson, Eva, 1958-, et al.
(author)
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Fysisk aktivitet lika bra som KBT eller läkemedel vid depression
- 2015
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In: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; :47, s. 2102-2104
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Fyisk aktivitet har dokumenterad effekt vid depression. Effekten är lika god som effekten av antidepressiva läkemedel eller kognitiv beteendeterapi (KBT) vid lindrig till måttlig depression. Dessutom är fysisk aktivitet i stort sett biverkningsfritt.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Bugge Kambestad, Oda, et al.
(author)
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Physical Exercise and Serum BDNF Levels : Accounting for the Val66Met Polymorphism in Older Adults.
- 2023
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In: Cognitive and behavioral neurology : official journal of the Society for Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 1543-3641. ; 36:4, s. 219-227
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression, which can be measured in blood serum, has been found to increase with aerobic exercise. The link between BDNF level, physical exercise, and genetic status (Val66Met polymorphism) has not been well researched in older adults.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible link between BDNF expression, acute aerobic exercise, and the Val66Met polymorphism in older adults.METHOD: Twenty-three healthy older adults participated in one session of acute aerobic exercise. Their serum BDNF levels were measured both at baseline and post exercise. Saliva samples were collected to identify each individual's genetic status.RESULTS: At baseline, the individuals' mean serum BDNF level was 16.03 ng/mL (Val66Val = 15.89 ng/mL; Val66Met = 16.34 ng/mL); post exercise, the individuals' mean serum BDNF level was 16.81 ng/mL (Val66Val = 16.14 ng/mL; Val66Met = 18.34 ng/mL).CONCLUSION: One session of acute aerobic exercise significantly increased the individuals' mean serum BDNF level. Males had higher BDNF levels than females. There was a significant interaction between gender and BDNF expression post exercise and a significant between-group effect of gender. The Val66Met carriers had a more positive response to the acute aerobic exercise compared with the Val66Val carriers, although without a significant difference between the two groups.
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| 4. |
- Hande, Liv Nesse, et al.
(author)
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Effect of N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Lipid Composition in Familial Hypercholesterolemia : A Randomized Crossover Trial
- 2022
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In: Biomedicines. - : MDPI. - 2227-9059. ; 10:8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Treatment is mainly low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) reduction. How omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) supplements affect lipoproteins in FH subjects is unknown. We hypothesized that a high-dose n-3 PUFA supplement would reduce atherogenic lipoproteins and influence the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) function. We performed a randomized, double-blinded crossover study with 34 genetically verified FH individuals (18-75 years, clinically stable, statin treatment > 12 months). Treatment was 4 g n-3 PUFAs (1840 mg eicosapentaenoic acid and 1520 mg docosahexaenoic acid daily) or four capsules of olive oil for three months in a crossover design with a washout period of three months. The defined outcomes were changes in triglycerides, lipoproteins, lipoprotein subfractions, apolipoproteins, and HDL-C function. After treatment with n-3 PUFAs, total cholesterol, LDL-C, and triglycerides were reduced compared to placebo (p <= 0.01 for all). Total HDL-C levels were unchanged, but the subfraction of large HDL-C was higher (p <= 0.0001) after n-3 PUFAs than after placebo, and intermediate HDL-C and small HDL-C were reduced after n-3 PUFAs compared to placebo (p = 0.02 and p <= 0.001, respectively). No changes were found in apolipoproteins and HDL-C function. N-3 PUFAs supplements reduced atherogenic lipoproteins in FH subjects, leaving HDL-C function unaffected.
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| 5. |
- Kjellmo, Christian Abendstein, et al.
(author)
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Bariatric surgery improves lipoprotein profile in morbidly obese patients by reducing LDL cholesterol, apoB, and SAA/PON1 ratio, increasing HDL cholesterol, but has no effect on cholesterol efflux capacity
- 2018
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In: Journal of Clinical Lipidology. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. - 1933-2874 .- 1876-4789. ; 12:1, s. 193-202
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Bariatric surgery has been shown to reduce cardiovascular events and cause specific mortality for coronary artery disease in obese patients. Lipoprotein biomarkers relating to low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), their subfractions, and macrophage cholesterol efflux have all been hypothesized to be of value in cardiovascular risk assessment. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to examine the effect of a lifestyle intervention followed by bariatric surgery on the lipid profile of morbidly obese patients. METHODS: Thirty-four morbidly obese patients were evaluated before and after lifestyle changes and then 1 year after bariatric surgery. They were compared with 17 lean subjects. Several lipoprotein metrics, serum amyloid A (SAA), serum paraoxonase-1 (PON1), and macrophage cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) were assessed. RESULTS: Average weight loss after the lifestyle intervention was 10.5% and 1 year after bariatric surgery was 33.9%. The lifestyle intervention significantly decreased triglycerides (TGs; 28.7 mg/dL, P amp;lt; .05), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C; 32.3 mg/dL, P amp;lt; .0001), and apolipoprotein B (apoB; 62.9 mu g/mL, P amp;lt; .001). Bariatric surgery further reduced TGs (-36.7 mg/dL, P amp;lt; .05), increased HDL cholesterol (+12 mg/dL, P amp;lt; .0001), and reductions in LDL-C and apoB were sustained. Bariatric surgery reduced large, buoyant LDL (P amp;lt; .0001), but had no effect on the small, dense LDL.The large HDL subfractions increased (P amp;lt; .0001), but there was no effect on the smaller HDL sub fractions. The ratio for SAA/PON1 was reduced after the lifestyle intervention (P amp;lt; .01) and further reduced after bariatric surgery (P amp;lt; .0001). Neither the lifestyle intervention nor bariatric surgery had any effect on CEC. CONCLUSIONS: Lifestyle intervention followed by bariatric surgery in 34 morbidly obese patients showed favorable effects on TGs, LDL-C, and apoB. HDL cholesterol and apoA1 was increased, apoB/apoA1 ratio as well as SAA/PON1 ratio reduced, but bariatric surgery did not influence CEC. (C) 2017 National Lipid Association. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
- Lappegård, Knut Tore, et al.
(author)
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Lipoprotein apheresis affects lipoprotein particle subclasses more efficiently compared to the PCSK9 inhibitor evolocumab, a pilot study.
- 2018
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In: Transfusion and apheresis science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1473-0502 .- 1878-1683. ; 57:1, s. 91-96
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Lipoprotein apheresis and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors are last therapeutic resorts in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). We explored changes in lipoprotein subclasses and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) function when changing treatment from lipoprotein apheresis to PCSK9 inhibition. We measured the levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and HDL particle subclasses, serum amyloid A1 (SAA1), paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity and cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) in three heterozygous FH patients. Concentrations of all LDL particle subclasses were reduced during apheresis (large 68.0 ± 17.5 to 16.3 ± 2.1 mg/dL, (p = 0.03), intermediate 38.3 ± 0.6 to 5.0 ± 3.5 mg/dL (p = 0.004) and small 5.0 ± 2.6 to 0.2 ± 0.1 mg/dL (p = 0.08)). There were non-significant reductions in the LDL subclasses during evolocumab treatment. There were non-significant reductions in subclasses of HDL particles during apheresis, and no changes during evolocumab treatment. CEC was unchanged throughout the study, while the SAA1/PON1 ratio was unchanged during apheresis but decreased during evolocumab treatment. In conclusion, there were significant reductions in large and intermediate size LDL particles during apheresis, and a non-significant reduction in small LDL particles. There were only non-significant reductions in the LDL subclasses during evolocumab treatment.
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| 7. |
- Larm, Malin, et al.
(author)
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Fecal glucocorticoid metabolites as an indicator of adrenocortical activity in Arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus) and recommendations for future studies
- 2021
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In: Polar Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0722-4060 .- 1432-2056. ; 44:10, s. 1925-1937
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Measuring fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (fGCMs) is a widely used, non-invasive method for studies of stress in vertebrates. To study physiological responses in wild Arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus) to perceived stressors such as fluctuating food availability, occurrence of competitors and predators and disturbance from human activities, a species-specific physiological validation of a method to evaluate adrenocortical activity is needed. Here we used 15 captive Arctic foxes (both males and females and juveniles and adults) to investigate fGCM concentrations following ACTH injection (physiological validation), or handling alone and compared them with their respective baseline concentrations prior to the treatments. A 5 alpha-pregnane-3ss,11ss,21-triol-20-one enzyme immunoassay measured significant fGCM increases following both treatments. The time lags to reach peak fGCM values were 9.3 +/- 1.3 h and 12.8 +/- 1.7 h for ACTH and handling treatment, respectively. Concentrations of fGCMs varied a lot between individuals, but not attributed to sex nor age of the foxes. However, we found a negative relationship between boldness and fGCM concentrations. Faecal glucocorticoid metabolites concentrations did not change significantly over a period of 48 h in samples kept at temperatures reflecting winter and summer means. This would allow the collection of samples up to two days old in the wild regardless of the season. We conclude that our successfully validated method for measuring fGCMs can be used as a non-invasive tool for studies exploring various stressors both in wild and captive Arctic foxes.
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| 8. |
- Martinsen, Egil W., et al.
(author)
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Fysisk aktivitet vid depression : Forskning pågår
- 2017
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In: Fysioterapi. - 1653-5804. ; :5, s. 34-39
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Vi har nöjet att publicera kapitel 2.8 Fysisk aktivitet vid depression ur Fysisk aktivitet i sjukdomsprevention och sjukdomsbehandling, FYSS 2017 med tillstånd av Yrkesföreningar för Fysisk Aktivitet (YFA). Detta kapitel samt ytterligare drygt 30 kapitel ur FYSS 2017 kan laddas ner från www.fyss.se. Samtliga 53 kapitel är samlade i boken FYSS 2017 utgiven av Läkartidningen förlag AB.SAMMANFATTANDE REKOMMENDATION • Personer med depression bör rekommenderas aerob eller muskelstärkande fysisk aktivitet för att minska depressiva symtom. Måttligt starkt vetenskapligt underlag (evidensstyrka +++). • Fysisk aktivitet reducerar depressiva symtom i liknande grad som antidepressiva läkemedel eller KBT vid lindrig och måttlig depression. Måttligt starkt vetenskapligt underlag (evidensstyrka +++). • Om enbart muskelstärkande fysisk aktivitet väljs i syfte att behandla depression, bör den kompletteras med aerob fysisk aktivitet för att minska risken för kardiovaskulär sjukdom, eftersom denna risk är förhöjd vid depression.
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| 9. |
- Stavestrand, Silje Haukenes, et al.
(author)
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Physical exercise augmented cognitive behaviour therapy for older adults with generalised anxiety disorder (PEXACOG) : study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.
- 2019
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In: Trials. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1745-6215. ; 20:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) is a frequent and severe anxiety disorder among older adults. GAD increases the risk of developing other disorders such as depression and coronary heart disease. Older adults with GAD exhibit a poorer response to cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) compared to younger patients with GAD. The normal age-related cognitive decline can be a contributor to reduced treatment efficacy. One strategy for improving treatment efficacy is to combine CBT with adjunctive interventions targeted at improving cognitive functions. Physical exercise is a viable intervention in this regard. Increased levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor may mediate improvement in cognitive function. The present study aims to investigate the proposed effects and mechanisms related to concomitant physical exercise.METHODS: The sample comprises 70 participants aged 60-75 years, who have GAD. Exclusion criteria comprise substance abuse and unstable medication; inability to participate in physical exercise; and conditions which precludes GAD as primary diagnosis. The interventions are individual treatment in the outpatient clinic at the local psychiatric hospital, with two experimental arms: (1) CBT + physical exercise and (2) CBT + telephone calls. The primary outcome measure is symptom reduction on the Penn State Worry Questionnaire. Other measures include questionnaires, clinical interviews, physiological, biological and neuropsychological tests. A subset of 40 participants will undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). After inclusion, participants undergo baseline testing, and are subsequently randomized to a treatment condition. Participants attend five sessions of the add-on treatment in the pre-treatment phase, and move on to interim testing. After interim testing, participants attend 10 sessions of CBT in parallel with continued add-on treatment. Participants are tested post-intervention within 2 weeks of completing treatment, with follow-up testing 6 and 12 months later.DISCUSSION: This study aims to develop better treatment for GAD in older adults. Enhancing treatment response will be valuable from both individual and societal perspectives, especially taking the aging of the general population into account.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02690441 . Registered on 24 February 2016.
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| 10. |
- Taube, Jill, et al.
(author)
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Levnadsvanor bör integreras i de nya riktlinjerna
- 2017
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In: Dagens medicin. - : Bonnier.
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- ”Levnadsvanor bör integreras i de nya riktlinjerna”Vi är kritiska till att Socialstyrelsens olika riktlinjer tillåts krocka med varandra, skriver sju debattörer. Publicerad: 2017-03-23 07:00 Skriven av: Jill Taube, Ingibjörg H Jonsdottir, Bengt Kjellman, Anders Hovland, Carl Johan Sundberg, Eva Andersson och Egil W MartinsenDetta är opinionsmaterial. Åsikterna som förs fram här är upphovsmannens egna. Fysisk aktivitet som prevention och behandling har varit en naturlig del av hälso- och sjukvården sedan början av 2000-talet. År 2011 breddade Socialstyrelsen detta med riktlinjer för sjukdomsförebyggande metoder där tobaksbruk, riskbruk av alkohol, ohälsosamma matvanor och otillräcklig fysisk aktivitet inbegreps. Personer med psykisk ohälsa har här prioriterats av flera skäl, då man löper en stor risk för kroppslig ohälsa och förkortat liv.Nu uppdaterar Socialstyrelsen riktlinjer om behandling av depression och ångest och uppmärksammar samsjuklighet som hjärt-kärlsjukdom och diabetes, men nämner inte levnadsvanor som en nödvändig del i omhändertagandet, vilket är olyckligt.Betydelsen av råd om fysisk aktivitet som en del av behandlingen av patienter med depression, framkommer tydligt i andra länder såsom Storbritannien med expertmyndigheten Nice. Här ses fysisk aktivitet som en viktig bas, oberoende av övrig behandling.“Här ses fysisk aktivitet som en viktig bas, oberoende av övrig behandling.”Riktlinjer från 2010 gav stöd för fysisk aktivitet som behandling av mild till måttlig depression. I de nya riktlinjerna som publicerades i december 2016, är detta i stort sett borta.Vi menar att det är kontraproduktivt att Socialstyrelsen inom ramen för ett riktlinjearbete inte ser till övrigt arbete inom myndigheten.Socialstyrelsens föreslagna riktlinjer krockar med vad vi har redovisat i den helt nyligen uppdaterade versionen av Fysisk aktivitet i sjukdomsprevention och sjukdomsbehandling, Fyss, avseende behandling av depression. I vårt arbete har ett stort antal vetenskapliga artiklar och meta-analyser granskats. I Socialstyrelsens underlag redovisas endast sex vetenskapliga referenser.Vi är inte heller ensamma om att rikta kritik mot de nya riktlinjerna. Skarp kritik framfördes också av tre sakkunniga inom psykoterapiområdet som själva varit en del av riktlinjearbetet. Där beskriver man en icke-transparent arbetsorganisation som i mycket hög grad har präglats av partiskhet till förmån för vissa insatser. Personer med kunskap om annat än KBT och läkemedelsbehandling var i extrem minoritet, vilket påverkade omröstningsförfarandet. Vi saknar insikt om hur denna process gått till, men blir oroade över den kritik som framförts.Sammanfattningsvis är vi kritiska till att Socialstyrelsens olika riktlinjer tillåts krocka med varandra. Socialstyrelsen bör ta ett större grepp och även integrera råd om levnadsvanor i de föreslagna nya riktlinjerna, gärna i samråd med andra myndigheter. Vi ifrågasätter också prioriteringsgruppens slutsats av evidensen för fysisk aktivitet som behandlingsalternativ för mild till måttlig depression.Vi har framfört dessa synpunkter direkt till Socialstyrelsen, i ett detaljerat remissvar. Vi hoppas att vårt inlägg ska uppfattas som ett sätt att fortsätta den konstruktiva dialog vi redan har med myndigheten och därmed sakfrågan framåt. Jill Taube, specialistläkare i psykiatri, Ingibjörg H Jonsdottir, professor, institutionen för kost och idrottsvetenskap, Göteborgs universitet, Bengt Kjellman, docent, specialistläkare i psykiatri, Karolinska institutet och Akademiska sjukhuset i Uppsala, Anders Hovland, försteamanuens, psykolog, Solli distriktspsykiatriske senter och institutionen for klinisk psykologi, Universitetet i Bergen, Carl Johan Sundberg, professor, läkare, institutionen för fysiologi och farmakologi, Karolinska institutet, Stockholm, Eva Andersson, docent, läkare, idrottslärare, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan och institutionen för neurovetenskap, Karolinska institutet, Stockholm, Egil W Martinsen, professor, specialistläkare i psykiatri, Universitetssjukhuset i Oslo. https://www.dagensmedicin.se/artiklar/2017/03/23/levnadsvanor-bor-integreras-i-de-nya-riktlinjerna/
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