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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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- Xiao, Ruiyang, et al.
(författare)
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Kinetics and Mechanism of the Oxidation of Cyclic Methylsiloxanes by Hydroxyl Radical in the Gas Phase : An Experimental and Theoretical Study
- 2015
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 49:22, s. 13322-13330
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ubiquitous presence of cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes (cVMS) in the global atmosphere has recently raised environmental concern. In order to assess the persistence and long-range transport potential of cVMS, their second-order rate constants (k) for reactions with hydroxyl radical ((OH)-O-center dot) in the gas phase are needed. We experimentally and theoretically investigated the kinetics and mechanism of (OH)-O-center dot oxidation of a series of cVMS, hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (D-3), octamethycyclotetrasiloxane (D-4), and decamethycyclopentasiloxane (D-5). Experimentally, we measured k values for D-3, D-4, and D-s -with (OH)-O-center dot in a gas-phase reaction chamber. The Arrhenius activation energies for these reactions in the temperature range from 313 to 353 K were small (-2.92 to 0.79 kcal.mol(-1)), indicating a weak temperature dependence. We also calculated the thermodynamic and kinetic behaviors for reactions at the M06-2X/6-311++G**//M06-2X/6-31+G** level of theory over a wider temperature range of 238-358 K that encompasses temperatures in the troposphere. The calculated Arrhenius activation energies range from -2.71 to -1.64 kcal-mol(-1), also exhibiting weak temperature dependence. The measured k values were approximately an order of magnitude higher than the theoretical values but have the same trend with increasing size of the siloxane ring. The calculated energy barriers for H-atom abstraction at different positions were similar, which provides theoretical support for extrapolating k for other cyclic siloxanes from the number of abstractable hydrogens.
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- Cui, Manying, et al.
(författare)
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Regulation of Lithium-Ion Flux by Nanotopology Lithiophilic Boron-Oxygen Dipole in Solid Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium-Metal Batteries
- 2024
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Ingår i: Energy & Environmental Materials. - 2575-0356. ; 7:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inhomogeneous lithium-ion (Li+) deposition is one of the most crucial problems, which severely deteriorates the performance of solid-state lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Herein, we discovered that covalent organic framework (COF-1) with periodically arranged boron-oxygen dipole lithiophilic sites could directionally guide Li+ even deposition in asymmetric solid polymer electrolytes. This in situ prepared 3D cross-linked network Poly(ACMO-MBA) hybrid electrolyte simultaneously delivers outstanding ionic conductivity (1.02 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 30 °C) and excellent mechanical property (3.5 MPa). The defined nanosized channel in COF-1 selectively conducts Li+ increasing Li+ transference number to 0.67. Besides, The COF-1 layer and Poly(ACMO-MBA) also participate in forming a boron-rich and nitrogen-rich solid electrolyte interface to further improve the interfacial stability. The Li‖Li symmetric cell exhibits remarkable cyclic stability over 1000 h. The Li‖NCM523 full cell also delivers an outstanding lifespan over 400 cycles. Moreover, the Li‖LiFePO4 full cell stably cycles with a capacity retention of 85% after 500 cycles. the Li‖LiFePO4 pouch full exhibits excellent safety performance under pierced and cut conditions. This work thereby further broadens and complements the application of COF materials in polymer electrolyte for dendrite-free and high-energy-density solid-state LMBs.
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| 6. |
- Hu, Aqian, et al.
(författare)
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The effects of alcohol tax policies on alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorders in Mainland of China : an interrupted time series analysis from 1961-2019
- 2023
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Ingår i: American journal of drug and alcohol abuse. - 0095-2990 .- 1097-9891. ; 49:6, s. 746-755
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Overwhelming evidence suggests that increasing alcohol taxes is an effective strategy for curbing alcohol consumption. However, research on the effects of such strategies in low- and middle-income nations is limited.Objective: The aim is to explore the temporal effect of alcohol tax policy in China.Methods: We employ interrupted time series analysis to investigate the temporal effects of tax policy changes on alcohol consumption and related consequences in Mainland China from 1961 to 2019. The study population, the total population of mainland region of China, aged more than 15 years.Results: The results show that the volume tax policy, which was announced in 2000 and implemented in 2001, led to an immediate reduction in the alcohol consumption (coefficient = -0.429, p < .001). Following the implementation of higher alcohol taxes in 1998 and 2001, the prevalence of alcohol use disorders (AUDs) and related years lived with disability (YLDs) gradually decreased. The relaxation of tax policy in 2006 led to a significant increase in alcohol consumption, both immediately (coefficient = 0.406, p < .001) and in the middle term (coefficient = 0.495, p < .001), as well as contribute to an immediate or medium term significant increase in the prevalence of AUDs (coefficient = 0.038, p = .010; coefficient = 0.032, p < .001) and YLDs (coefficient = 4.363, p = .001; coefficient = 4.226, p < .001).Conclusion: This study demonstrates that changes in alcohol consumption and related consequences (increase or decrease) have followed corresponding changes in alcohol tax policies (easing or tightening), indicating that increasing alcohol taxes can be an effective strategy in China for controlling alcohol consumption and related harms.
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- Hu, Wei-Kang, et al.
(författare)
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Lab-size rechargeable metal hydride-air cells
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Power Sources. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-7753 .- 1873-2755. ; 195:17, s. 5810-5813
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lab-size rechargeable metal hydride-air (MH-air) cells with a gas management device were designed in order to minimize the loss of electrolyte. An AB(5)-type hydrogen storage alloy was used as anode materials of the MH-air. The thickness of the metal hydride electrodes was in the range of 3.0-3.4 mm. Porous carbon-based air electrodes with Ag2O catalysts were used as bi-functional electrodes for oxygen reduction and generation. The electrodes were first examined in half-cells to evaluate their performance and then assembled into one MH-air cell. The results showed the good cycling stability of the rechargeable MH-air cell with a capacity of 1990 mAh. The discharge voltage was 0.69 V at 0.05-0.1 C. The charge efficiency was about 90%. The specific and volumetric energy densities were about 95 Wh kg(-1) and 140 Wh L-1, respectively.
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| 8. |
- Hu, Wei-kang, et al.
(författare)
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Metal hydrides as bi-functional catalysts for hydrogen generation and oxidation in reversible MH-air fuel cells.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Electrochemistry Communications. - : Elsevier BV. - 1388-2481. ; 11:11, s. 2212-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two kinds of metal hydride alloys as the bi-functional catalyst concept for hydrogen generation and oxidation in hydrogen-diffusion electrodes were investigated. The AB5-type hydride electrode shows much higher catalytic activities than the Zr-based AB2-type hydride electrode. However, the activity of Zr-based hydride electrodes can be improved only after removal of zirconium oxides on surface by a 1.0 M HF solution. The experiments demonstrated that the both metal-hydride hydrogen-diffusion electrodes for cycles of hydrogen generation (12 h) and oxidation (12 h) had good stability under the current densities of 100 and 50 mA/cm2, respectively. The results also showed that small amounts of oxygen below 500 ppm and moisture up to 145,000 ppm in the hydrogen gas have little effect on the activity. It indicated that the hydride alloys as the non-noble-metal bi-functional catalysts in a reversible MH-air fuel cell have potential applications.
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| 9. |
- Jones, Benedict C, et al.
(författare)
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To which world regions does the valence-dominance model of social perception apply?
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Human Behaviour. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2397-3374. ; 5:1, s. 159-169
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the past 10 years, Oosterhof and Todorov's valence-dominance model has emerged as the most prominent account of how people evaluate faces on social dimensions. In this model, two dimensions (valence and dominance) underpin social judgements of faces. Because this model has primarily been developed and tested in Western regions, it is unclear whether these findings apply to other regions. We addressed this question by replicating Oosterhof and Todorov's methodology across 11 world regions, 41 countries and 11,570 participants. When we used Oosterhof and Todorov's original analysis strategy, the valence-dominance model generalized across regions. When we used an alternative methodology to allow for correlated dimensions, we observed much less generalization. Collectively, these results suggest that, while the valence-dominance model generalizes very well across regions when dimensions are forced to be orthogonal, regional differences are revealed when we use different extraction methods and correlate and rotate the dimension reduction solution. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: The stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on 5 November 2018. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7611443.v1 .
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| 10. |
- Koenig, Julian, et al.
(författare)
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Cortical thickness and resting-state cardiac function across the lifespan : A cross-sectional pooled mega-analysis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Psychophysiology. - : Wiley. - 0048-5772 .- 1469-8986 .- 1540-5958. ; 58:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding the association between autonomic nervous system [ANS] function and brain morphology across the lifespan provides important insights into neurovisceral mechanisms underlying health and disease. Resting-state ANS activity, indexed by measures of heart rate [HR] and its variability [HRV] has been associated with brain morphology, particularly cortical thickness [CT]. While findings have been mixed regarding the anatomical distribution and direction of the associations, these inconsistencies may be due to sex and age differences in HR/HRV and CT. Previous studies have been limited by small sample sizes, which impede the assessment of sex differences and aging effects on the association between ANS function and CT. To overcome these limitations, 20 groups worldwide contributed data collected under similar protocols of CT assessment and HR/HRV recording to be pooled in a mega-analysis (N = 1,218 (50.5% female), mean age 36.7 years (range: 12–87)). Findings suggest a decline in HRV as well as CT with increasing age. CT, particularly in the orbitofrontal cortex, explained additional variance in HRV, beyond the effects of aging. This pattern of results may suggest that the decline in HRV with increasing age is related to a decline in orbitofrontal CT. These effects were independent of sex and specific to HRV; with no significant association between CT and HR. Greater CT across the adult lifespan may be vital for the maintenance of healthy cardiac regulation via the ANS—or greater cardiac vagal activity as indirectly reflected in HRV may slow brain atrophy. Findings reveal an important association between CT and cardiac parasympathetic activity with implications for healthy aging and longevity that should be studied further in longitudinal research.
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