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- Hoffmann, Thomas J, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association study of prostate-specific antigen levels in 392,522 men identifies new loci and improves cross-ancestry prediction
- 2023
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We conducted a multi-ancestry genome-wide association study of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in 296,754 men (211,342 European ancestry; 58,236 African ancestry; 23,546 Hispanic/Latino; 3,630 Asian ancestry; 96.5% of participants were from the Million Veteran Program). We identified 318 independent genome-wide significant (p≤5e-8) variants, 184 of which were novel. Most demonstrated evidence of replication in an independent cohort (n=95,768). Meta-analyzing discovery and replication (n=392,522) identified 447 variants, of which a further 111 were novel. Out-of-sample variance in PSA explained by our new polygenic risk score reached 16.9% (95% CI=16.1%-17.8%) in European ancestry, 9.5% (95% CI=7.0%-12.2%) in African ancestry, 18.6% (95% CI=15.8%-21.4%) in Hispanic/Latino, and 15.3% (95% CI=12.7%-18.1%) in Asian ancestry, and lower for higher age. Our study highlights how including proportionally more participants from underrepresented populations improves genetic prediction of PSA levels, with potential to personalize prostate cancer screening.
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| 3. |
- Eisfeldt, Andrea L., et al.
(författare)
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The Deposit Business at Large vs. Small Banks
- 2023
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The deposit business differs at large versus small banks. We provide a parsimonious model and extensive empirical evidence supporting the idea that much of the variation in deposit-pricing behavior between large and small banks reflects differences in "preferences and technologies." Large banks offer superior liquidity services but lower deposit rates, and locate where customers value their services. In addition to receiving a lower level of deposit rates on average, customers of large banks exhibit lower demand elasticities with respect to deposit rate spreads. As a result, despite the fact that the locations of large-bank branches have demographics typically associated with greater financial sophistication, large-bank customers earn lower average deposit rates. Our explanation for deposit pricing behavior challenges the idea that deposit pricing is mainly driven by pricing power derived from the large observed degree of concentration in the banking industry.
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| 4. |
- Eisfeldt, Andrea L., et al.
(författare)
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The Deposit Business at Large vs. Small Banks
- 2023
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We provide a parsimonious model and extensive empirical evidence supporting the idea that much of the variation in deposit-pricing behavior across large vs. small banks reflects differences in ``preferences and technologies''. Large banks offer superior liquidity services, but lower deposit rates, and locate where customers value their services. In addition to receiving a lower level of deposit rates on average, customers of large banks exhibit lower demand elasticities with respect to deposit rate spreads. As a result, despite the fact that the locations of large-bank branches have demographics typically associated with greater financial sophistication, large-bank customers earn lower average deposit rates. Our explanation for deposit pricing behavior challenges the idea that deposit pricing is mainly driven by pricing power derived from the large observed degree of concentration in the banking industry.
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| 5. |
- Huang, Hui, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison between AFM-based methods for assesing local surface mechanical properties of PDMS-silica composite layers
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Local surface mechanical properties of polymeric nanocomposites play a significant role in theirperformance. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) can be used to perform measurements of suchproperties with high lateral resolution. The interphase between filler and matrix, and how it can becontrolled by means of surface chemistry is of particular interest. In this work we compare threeoperating modes of AFM: Tapping mode, PeakForce QNM (Quantitative Nanomechanical Mapping)and Intermodulation AFM (ImAFM), for their ability to capture the tip-surface force and to extractlocal mechanical properties by applying different contact mechanics models. Layers ofpoly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) with and without 20 wt.% of hydrophobic silica nanoparticles werestudied employing these AFM modes. We show that tapping mode AFM can provide qualitativeinformation, but it is insufficient to accurately and quantitatively discriminate surface propertiessince this mode does not allow extraction of the tip-surface force. Quantitative mapping ofmechanical properties is possible with both PeakForce QNM and ImAFM. However, it remained achallenge to evaluate the data for soft PDMS layers with PeakForce QNM. Local surface mechanicalproperties could be more reproducibly assessed via ImAFM. We show that the Tapping modeimages for pure PDMS report a relatively homogeneous surface, but as we utilize PeakForce QNMand ImAFM more details appear and the inhomogeneous nature of the surface layer becomesapparent. Incorporation of silica particles in the PDMS layer results in a significant increase in theapparent stiffness of the matrix. All imaging modes allow visualization of the hard particles in thesoft matrix. However, we were most successful with imaging the interphase using ImAFM.
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