| 1. |
- Eliassen, A Heather, et al.
(författare)
-
Circulating carotenoids and risk of breast cancer: pooled analysis of eight prospective studies.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2105 .- 0027-8874. ; 104:24, s. 1905-16
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Carotenoids, micronutrients in fruits and vegetables, may reduce breast cancer risk. Most, but not all, past studies of circulating carotenoids and breast cancer have found an inverse association with at least one carotenoid, although the specific carotenoid has varied across studies. Methods We conducted a pooled analysis of eight cohort studies comprising more than 80% of the world's published prospective data on plasma or serum carotenoids and breast cancer, including 3055 case subjects and 3956 matched control subjects. To account for laboratory differences and examine population differences across studies, we recalibrated participant carotenoid levels to a common standard by reassaying 20 plasma or serum samples from each cohort together at the same laboratory. Using conditional logistic regression, adjusting for several breast cancer risk factors, we calculated relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using quintiles defined among the control subjects from all studies. All P values are two-sided. Results Statistically significant inverse associations with breast cancer were observed for α-carotene (top vs bottom quintile RR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.71 to 1.05, Ptrend = .04), β-carotene (RR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.70 to 0.98, Ptrend = .02), lutein+zeaxanthin (RR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.70 to 1.01, Ptrend = .05), lycopene (RR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.62 to 0.99, Ptrend = .02), and total carotenoids (RR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.68 to 0.96, Ptrend = .01). β-Cryptoxanthin was not statistically significantly associated with risk. Tests for heterogeneity across studies were not statistically significant. For several carotenoids, associations appeared stronger for estrogen receptor negative (ER(-)) than for ER(+) tumors (eg, β-carotene: ER(-): top vs bottom quintile RR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.36 to 0.77, Ptrend = .001; ER(+): RR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.66 to 1.04, Ptrend = .06; Pheterogeneity = .01). Conclusions This comprehensive prospective analysis suggests women with higher circulating levels of α-carotene, β-carotene, lutein+zeaxanthin, lycopene, and total carotenoids may be at reduced risk of breast cancer.
|
|
| 2. |
- Hammer-Olsson, Roy, et al.
(författare)
-
Method of purifying potassium hydroxide
- 2007
-
Patent (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Method of purifying potassium hydroxide comprising (a) providing a solution of saturated potassium hydroxide solution having a temperature in the range from about -25 to about 60 0C (b) controling the temperature of the solution in such a way that the variation in temperature is in a range from about 0 to about 5 °C/h to form crystals of potassium hydroxide (c) separating the crystals from the solution.
|
|
| 3. |
- Hultén, Kerstin
(författare)
-
Med datorn på köksbordet : En studie av kvinnor som distansarbetar i hemmet
- 2000
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this study is to analyse the situation of living and working for women who are teleworking in their homes. Telework carried out in the home will mean that paid and unpaid work will be done in the same location. When this happens, the division of time and space between paid and unpaid work is no longer self-evident, contraty to what appears to be the case when the workplace and the home are two separate places. Two groups of women have been interviewed. The emperical parts shows that the women acquire a certain flexiblility in time and space and experience a form of totality that they have missed earlier. At the same time they mean that they are caught in a gender-trap, and the study shows a clear gender division of labor. In the thesis the question are posed, what is the cause of the gender division of labor. In order to be able to answer the question, the thesis is referring to three other studies showing how women with paid work outside their homes deal with the relation between paid and unpaid work. In theese studies it is pointed out that the time aspect is improtant for creating balance and a feeling of totality in the working and living situation. For the teleworking women, the spaceaspect is more evident that the problem with time. It is through the possibility to join in space the paid and unpaid work, that the women experience totality in their lives as well as this possibility also causes the gender division of labor. Some of the experiences in their worksituation can also be related to how the phenomenon work is conceptualised. The thesis discuss the attempts within social sciences to develop the concept of work.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Magnusson, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
-
Swedish sources and pathways for microplastics to the marine environment
- 2016
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency has been assigned to identify important sources of microplastics in the sea and to work for reducing the production and emission of microplastics from these sources. Within the scope of this governmental assignment, IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute has been funded by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency to review the sources of microplastics and the pathways microplastics take to reach the sea. A range of potential sources for microplastics and the pathways by which microplastics can reach the sea were selected for the review. The sources included both intentionally produced plastic pellets and plastic particles formed from fragmentation of larger plastic items. The pathways were primarily stormwater, wastewater and atmospheric deposition. For sea-based sources particles are discharged directly to the sea. Information was collected from scientific articles, reports and through personal communication with experts in relevant areas. Where the available data allowed, calculations were done to quantify the amounts of microplastics. The most important emissions for microplastics were found to be from road wear and abrasion of tyres. Approximately 13 000 tons of microplastics are released from tyres every year. Since data on microplastic content in stormwater from roads is very scarce it is however uncertain how much of these particles that is transported to water recipients and how much that is permanently deposited in the ground close to the road. The same is true for artificial turfs where the estimated loss was 2 300-3 900 tons per year, but data on the load reaching the sea is completely lacking. Loss of industrially produced plastic pellets in connection to manufacture and handling was estimated to amount to between 300 and 530 tons per year, but also here the volumes discharged to the sea are unknown. For several sources suspected to contribute with large amounts of microplastics to the sea, data is so scarce that no estimations on emissions could be done. This is for example the case for important categories related to waste management, recycling and littering. In summary it can be concluded that Swedish coastal waters receive substantial amounts of microplastics from both land-based and sea-based sources. Quantitative data is often scarce or completely lacking and it is not possible to summarize the total Swedish discharge of microplastics to the sea. An attempt to rank the sources according to their contribution was made but it should be kept in mind that data suffers from a large degree of uncertainty. Additional studies are needed to improve the bases for further assessments, in particular on microplastics in stormwater from different surfaces and sources.
|
|
