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- Ohlander, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Staphylococcus aureus sub-typing and detection of MRSA on a microfluidic lab-on-foil device
- 2018
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Ingår i: 22nd International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences, MicroTAS 2018. - : Chemical and Biological Microsystems Society. - 9781510897571 ; , s. 1835-1838
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Emerging antibiotic multi-resistance, increased travel and trade, and environmental changes have contributed to the prevalence of infectious diseases and rapid changes in the efficiency of therapeutics. We report detection of multi-resistant Staphylococus aureus and S. aureus strain sub-types using a microfluidic detection module with integrated thin film heater and DNA microarray, which enables surface-bound melting curve analysis. Successful discrimination between clinical S. aureus strain sub-types and between methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) was demonstrated. The microfluidic detection module is constructed completely on a plastic foil using roll-to-roll compatible fabrication methods that yield a very low-cost system. Copyright
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- Rütting, Tobias, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Leaky nitrogen cycle in pristine African montane rainforest soil
- 2015
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Ingår i: Global Biogeochemical Cycles. - 0886-6236. ; 29:10, s. 1754-1762
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many pristine humid tropical forests show simultaneously high nitrogen (N) richness and sustained loss of bioavailable N forms. To better understand this apparent upregulation of the N cycle in tropical forests, process-based understanding of soil N transformations, in geographically diverse locations, remains paramount. Field-based evidence is limited and entirely lacking for humid tropical forests on the African continent. This study aimed at filling both knowledge gaps by monitoring N losses and by conducting an in situ 15N labeling experiment in the Nyungwe tropical montane forest in Rwanda. Here we show that this tropical forest shows high nitrate (NO3−) leaching losses, confirming findings from other parts of the world. Gross N transformation rates point to an open soil N cycle with mineralized N nitrified rather than retained via immobilization; gross immobilization of NH4+ and NO3− combined accounted for 37% of gross mineralization, and plant N uptake is dominated by ammonium (NH4+). This study provided new process understanding of soil N cycling in humid tropical forests and added geographically independent evidence that humid tropical forests are characterized by soil N dynamics and N inputs sustaining bioavailable N loss.
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- Staelens, J., et al.
(författare)
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In situ gross nitrogen transformations differ between temperate deciduous and coniferous forest soils
- 2012
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Ingår i: Biogeochemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0168-2563 .- 1573-515X. ; 108:1-3, s. 259-277
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite long-term enhanced nitrogen (N) inputs, forests can retain considerable amounts of N. While rates of N inputs via throughfall and N leaching are increased in coniferous stands relative to deciduous stands at comparable sites, N leaching below coniferous stands is disproportionally enhanced relative to the N input. A better understanding of factors affecting N retention is needed to assess the impact of changing N deposition on N cycling and N loss of forests. Therefore, gross N transformation pathways were quantified in undisturbed well-drained sandy soils of adjacent equal-aged deciduous (pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.)) and coniferous (Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)) planted forest stands located in a region with high N deposition (north Belgium). In situ inorganic N-15 labelling of the mineral topsoil (0-10 cm) combined with numerical data analysis demonstrated that (i) all gross N transformations differed significantly (p < 0.05) between the two forest soils, (ii) gross N mineralization in the pine soil was less than half the rate in the oak soil, (iii) meaningful N immobilization was only observed for ammonium, (iv) nitrate production via oxidation of organic N occurred three times faster in the pine soil while ammonium oxidation was similar in both soils, and (v) dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium was detected in both soils but was higher in the oak soil. We conclude that the higher gross nitrification (including oxidation of organic N) in the pine soil compared to the oak soil, combined with negligible nitrate immobilization, is in line with the observed higher nitrate leaching under the pine forest.
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