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- Rosqvist, Fredrik, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Abdominal Fat and Metabolic Health Markers but Not PNPLA3 Genotype Predicts Liver Fat Accumulation in Response to Excess Intake of Energy and Saturated Fat in Healthy Individuals
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Nutrition. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-861X. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Saturated fat (SFA) has consistently been shown to increase liver fat, but the response appears variable at the individual level. Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics have been demonstrated to modify the hypercholesterolemic effect of SFA but it is unclear which characteristics that predict liver fat accumulation in response to a hypercaloric diet high in SFA.Objective: To identify predictors of liver fat accumulation in response to an increased intake of SFA.Design: We pooled our two previously conducted double-blind randomized trials (LIPOGAIN and LIPOGAIN-2, clinicaltrials.gov NCT01427140 and NCT02211612) and used data from the n = 49 metabolically healthy men (n = 32) and women (n = 17) randomized to a hypercaloric diet through addition of SFA-rich muffins for 7-8 weeks. Associations between clinical and metabolic variables at baseline and changes in liver fat during the intervention were analyzed using Spearman rank correlation. Linear regression was used to generate a prediction model.Results: Liver fat increased by 33% (IQR 5.4-82.7%; P < 0.0001) in response to excess energy intake and this was not associated (r = 0.17, P = 0.23) with the increase in body weight (1.9 kg; IQR 1.1-2.9 kg). Liver fat accumulation was similar (P = 0.28) in carriers (33%, IQR 14-79%) and non-carriers (33%, IQR -11 to +87%) of the PNPLA3-I148M variant. Baseline visceral and liver fat content, as well as levels of the liver enzyme gamma-glutamyl transferase (GT), were the strongest positive predictors of liver fat accumulation-in contrast, adiponectin and the fatty acid 17:0 in adipose tissue were the only negative predictors in univariate analyses. A regression model based on eight clinical and metabolic variables could explain 81% of the variation in liver fat accumulation.Conclusion: Our results suggest there exists a highly inter-individual variation in the accumulation of liver fat in metabolically healthy men and women, in response to an increased energy intake from SFA and carbohydrates that occurs over circa 2 months. This marked variability in liver fat accumulation could largely be predicted by a set of clinical (e.g., GT and BMI) and metabolic (e.g., fatty acids, HOMA-IR, and adiponectin) variables assessed at baseline.
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| 2. |
- Rosqvist, Fredrik, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Overeating saturated fat promotes fatty liver and ceramides compared to polyunsaturated fat : a randomized trial
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : Oxford University Press. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 104:12, s. 6207-6219
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CONTEXT: Saturated fat (SFA) versus polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) may promote non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by yet unclear mechanisms.OBJECTIVE: To investigate if overeating SFA- and PUFA-enriched diets lead to differential liver fat accumulation in overweight and obese humans.DESIGN: Double-blind randomized trial (LIPOGAIN-2). Overfeeding SFA vs PUFA for 8 weeks, followed by 4 weeks of caloric restriction.SETTING: General community.Participants: n=61 overweight or obese men and women.INTERVENTION: Muffins high in either palm (SFA)- or sunflower oil (PUFA) were added to the habitual diet.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Lean tissue mass (not reported here). Secondary and exploratory outcomes included liver and ectopic fat depots.RESULTS: By design, body weight gain was similar in SFA (2.31±1.38 kg) and PUFA (2.01±1.90 kg) groups, P=0.50. SFA markedly induced liver fat content (50% relative increase) along with liver enzymes and atherogenic serum lipids. In contrast, despite similar weight gain, PUFA did not increase liver fat or liver enzymes or cause any adverse effects on blood lipids. SFA had no differential effect on the accumulation of visceral fat, pancreas fat or total body fat compared with PUFA. SFA consistently increased, while PUFA reduced circulating ceramides; changes that were moderately associated with liver fat changes and proposed markers of hepatic lipogenesis. The adverse metabolic effects of SFA were reversed by calorie restriction.CONCLUSIONS: Saturated fat markedly induces liver fat and serum ceramides whereas dietary polyunsaturated fat prevent liver fat accumulation, reduce ceramides and hyperlipidemia during excess energy intake and weight gain in overweight individuals.
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| 3. |
- Rosqvist, Fredrik, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Overfeeding polyunsaturated fat compared to saturated fat does not differentially influence lean tissue accumulation in overweight individuals : a randomized controlled trial
- 2024
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 120:1, s. 121-128
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Fatty acids may influence lean tissue volume and skeletal muscle function. We previously reported in young lean participants that overfeeding polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) compared with saturated fat (SFA) induced greater lean tissue accumulation despite similar weight gain.OBJECTIVE: In a double-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT), we aimed to investigate if the differential effects of overfeeding SFA and PUFA on lean tissue accumulation could be replicated in individuals with overweight, and identify potential determinants. Further, using substitution models, we investigated associations between SFA and PUFA levels with lean tissue volume, in a large population-based sample (UK Biobank).METHODS: Sixty-one males and females with overweight (BMI 27.3 (interquartile range 25.4 to 29.3), age 43 (interquartile range 36 to 48)) were overfed SFA (palm oil) or n-6 PUFA (sunflower oil) for 8 weeks. Lean tissue was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We had access to n=13849 participants with data on diet, covariates and MRI measurements of lean tissue, as well as 9119 participants with data on circulating fatty acids, in the UK Biobank.RESULTS: Body weight gain (mean±SD) was similar in PUFA (2.01±1.90 kg) and SFA (2.31±1.38 kg) groups. Lean tissue increased to a similar extent (0.54±0.93 L and 0.67±1.21 L for PUFA and SFA group, respectively, with a difference between groups of 0.07 (-0,21, 0,35)). We observed no differential effects on circulating amino acids, myostatin or interleukin-15 and no clear determinants of lean tissue accumulation. Similar non-significant results for SFA and PUFA were observed in UK Biobank, but circulating fatty acids demonstrated ambiguous and sex-dependent associations.CONCLUSION: Overfeeding SFA or PUFA does not differentially affect lean tissue accumulation during 8 weeks in individuals with overweight. A lack of dietary fat type-specific effects on lean tissue is supported by specified substitution models in a large population-based cohort consuming their habitual diet.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02211612.
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