| 1. |
- Iggman, David, et al.
(författare)
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Role of dietary fats in modulating cardiometabolic risk during moderate weight gain : a randomized double-blind overfeeding trial (LIPOGAIN study)
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Heart Association. - 2047-9980. ; 3:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Whether the type of dietary fat could alter cardiometabolic responses to a hypercaloric diet is unknown. In addition, subclinical cardiometabolic consequences of moderate weight gain require further study.METHODS AND RESULTS: In a 7-week, double-blind, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial, 39 healthy, lean individuals (mean age of 27±4) consumed muffins (51% of energy [%E] from fat and 44%E refined carbohydrates) providing 750 kcal/day added to their habitual diets. All muffins had identical contents, except for type of fat; sunflower oil rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA diet) or palm oil rich in saturated fatty acids (SFA diet). Despite comparable weight gain in the 2 groups, total: high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein:HDL cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B:AI ratios decreased during the PUFA versus the SFA diet (-0.37±0.59 versus +0.07±0.29, -0.31±0.49 versus +0.05±0.28, and -0.07±0.11 versus +0.01±0.07, P=0.003, P=0.007, and P=0.01 for between-group differences), whereas no significant differences were observed for other cardiometabolic risk markers. In the whole group (ie, independently of fat type), body weight increased (+2.2%, P<0.001) together with increased plasma proinsulin (+21%, P=0.007), insulin (+17%, P=0.003), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, (+9%, P=0.008) fibroblast growth factor-21 (+31%, P=0.04), endothelial markers vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and E-selectin (+9, +5, and +10%, respectively, P<0.01 for all), whereas nonesterified fatty acids decreased (-28%, P=0.001).CONCLUSIONS: Excess energy from PUFA versus SFA reduces atherogenic lipoproteins. Modest weight gain in young individuals induces hyperproinsulinemia and increases biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction, effects that may be partly outweighed by the lipid-lowering effects of PUFA.CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: http://ClinicalTrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01427140.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Jobs, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Serum cathepsin S is associated with decreased insulin sensitivity and the development of diabetes type 2 in a community-based cohort of elderly men
- 2012
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Ingår i: Diabetes Care. - : American diabetes association. - 0149-5992 .- 1935-5548. ; 36:1, s. 163-165
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE. To investigate associations between serum cathepsin S, impaired insulin sensitivity, defective insulin secretion, and diabetes risk in a community-based sample of elderly men without diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS. Serum cathepsin S, insulin sensitivity (euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp), and insulin secretion (early insulin response during an oral glucose tolerance test) were measured in 905 participants of the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (mean age, 71 years). Thirty participants developed diabetes during 6 years of follow-up.RESULTS. After adjustment for age, anthropometric variables, and inflammatory markers, higher cathepsin S was associated with decreased insulin sensitivity (regression coefficient per SD increase -0.09 [95% CI -0.14 to -0.04], P = 0.001), but no association with early insulin response was found. Moreover, higher cathepsin S was associated with a higher risk for developing diabetes (odds ratio per SD increase 1.48 [1.08-2.01], P = 0.01).CONCLUSIONS. Cathepsin S activity appears to be involved in the early dysregulation of glucose and insulin metabolism.
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| 4. |
- Rosqvist, Fredrik, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Overeating saturated fat promotes fatty liver and ceramides compared to polyunsaturated fat : a randomized trial
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : Oxford University Press. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 104:12, s. 6207-6219
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CONTEXT: Saturated fat (SFA) versus polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) may promote non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by yet unclear mechanisms.OBJECTIVE: To investigate if overeating SFA- and PUFA-enriched diets lead to differential liver fat accumulation in overweight and obese humans.DESIGN: Double-blind randomized trial (LIPOGAIN-2). Overfeeding SFA vs PUFA for 8 weeks, followed by 4 weeks of caloric restriction.SETTING: General community.Participants: n=61 overweight or obese men and women.INTERVENTION: Muffins high in either palm (SFA)- or sunflower oil (PUFA) were added to the habitual diet.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Lean tissue mass (not reported here). Secondary and exploratory outcomes included liver and ectopic fat depots.RESULTS: By design, body weight gain was similar in SFA (2.31±1.38 kg) and PUFA (2.01±1.90 kg) groups, P=0.50. SFA markedly induced liver fat content (50% relative increase) along with liver enzymes and atherogenic serum lipids. In contrast, despite similar weight gain, PUFA did not increase liver fat or liver enzymes or cause any adverse effects on blood lipids. SFA had no differential effect on the accumulation of visceral fat, pancreas fat or total body fat compared with PUFA. SFA consistently increased, while PUFA reduced circulating ceramides; changes that were moderately associated with liver fat changes and proposed markers of hepatic lipogenesis. The adverse metabolic effects of SFA were reversed by calorie restriction.CONCLUSIONS: Saturated fat markedly induces liver fat and serum ceramides whereas dietary polyunsaturated fat prevent liver fat accumulation, reduce ceramides and hyperlipidemia during excess energy intake and weight gain in overweight individuals.
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| 5. |
- Rosqvist, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Overfeeding Polyunsaturated and Saturated Fat Causes Distinct Effects on Liver and Visceral Fat Accumulation in Humans
- 2014
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Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 63:7, s. 2356-2368
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Excess ectopic fat storage is linked to type 2 diabetes. The importance of dietary fat composition for ectopic fat storage in humans is unknown. We investigated liver fat accumulation and body composition during overfeeding saturated (SFA) or polyunsaturated (PUFA) fat. LIPOGAIN was a double-blind, parallel-group, randomized trial. Thirty-nine young and normal-weight individuals were overfed muffins high in SFA (palm oil) or n-6 PUFA (sunflower oil) for 7 weeks. Liver fat, visceral (VAT), subcutaneous abdominal (SAT), and total adipose tissue (TAT), pancreatic fat, and lean tissue was assessed by MRI. Transcriptomics were performed in SAT. Both groups gained similar weight. SFA however markedly increased liver fat compared with PUFA and caused 2-fold larger increase in VAT than PUFA. Conversely, PUFA caused a nearly 3-fold larger increase in lean tissue than SFA. Increase in liver fat directly correlated with changes in plasma SFA and inversely with PUFA. Genes involved in regulating energy dissipation, insulin resistance, body composition and fat cell differentiation in SAT were differentially regulated between diets, and associated with increased PUFA in SAT. In conclusion, overeating SFA promotes hepatic and visceral fat storage whereas excess energy from PUFA may instead promote lean tissue in healthy humans.
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| 6. |
- Rosqvist, Fredrik, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Overfeeding polyunsaturated fat compared to saturated fat does not differentially influence lean tissue accumulation in overweight individuals : a randomized controlled trial
- 2024
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 120:1, s. 121-128
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Fatty acids may influence lean tissue volume and skeletal muscle function. We previously reported in young lean participants that overfeeding polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) compared with saturated fat (SFA) induced greater lean tissue accumulation despite similar weight gain.OBJECTIVE: In a double-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT), we aimed to investigate if the differential effects of overfeeding SFA and PUFA on lean tissue accumulation could be replicated in individuals with overweight, and identify potential determinants. Further, using substitution models, we investigated associations between SFA and PUFA levels with lean tissue volume, in a large population-based sample (UK Biobank).METHODS: Sixty-one males and females with overweight (BMI 27.3 (interquartile range 25.4 to 29.3), age 43 (interquartile range 36 to 48)) were overfed SFA (palm oil) or n-6 PUFA (sunflower oil) for 8 weeks. Lean tissue was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We had access to n=13849 participants with data on diet, covariates and MRI measurements of lean tissue, as well as 9119 participants with data on circulating fatty acids, in the UK Biobank.RESULTS: Body weight gain (mean±SD) was similar in PUFA (2.01±1.90 kg) and SFA (2.31±1.38 kg) groups. Lean tissue increased to a similar extent (0.54±0.93 L and 0.67±1.21 L for PUFA and SFA group, respectively, with a difference between groups of 0.07 (-0,21, 0,35)). We observed no differential effects on circulating amino acids, myostatin or interleukin-15 and no clear determinants of lean tissue accumulation. Similar non-significant results for SFA and PUFA were observed in UK Biobank, but circulating fatty acids demonstrated ambiguous and sex-dependent associations.CONCLUSION: Overfeeding SFA or PUFA does not differentially affect lean tissue accumulation during 8 weeks in individuals with overweight. A lack of dietary fat type-specific effects on lean tissue is supported by specified substitution models in a large population-based cohort consuming their habitual diet.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02211612.
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