| 1. |
- Chakera, Annette H., et al.
(författare)
-
EANM-EORTC general recommendations for sentinel node diagnostics in melanoma
- 2009
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1619-7070 .- 1619-7089. ; 36:10, s. 1713-1742
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The accurate diagnosis of a sentinel node in melanoma includes a sequence of procedures from different medical specialities (nuclear medicine, surgery, oncology, and pathology). The items covered are presented in 11 sections and a reference list: (1) definition of a sentinel node, (2) clinical indications, (3) radiopharmaceuticals and activity injected, (4) dosimetry, (5) injection technique, (6) image acquisition and interpretation, (7) report and display, ( 8) use of dye, ( 9) gamma probe detection, (10) surgical techniques in sentinel node biopsy, and (11) pathological evaluation of melanoma-draining sentinel lymph nodes. If specific recommendations given cannot be based on evidence from original, scientific studies, referral is given to "general consensus" and similar expressions. The recommendations are designed to assist in the practice of referral to, performance, interpretation and reporting of all steps of the sentinel node procedure in the hope of setting state-of-the-art standards for good-quality evaluation of possible spread to the lymphatic system in intermediate-to-high risk melanoma without clinical signs of dissemination.
|
|
| 2. |
- Chakera, Annette H., et al.
(författare)
-
Sentinel node imaging
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Current Medical Imaging Reviews. - : Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.. - 1875-6603 .- 1573-4056. ; 2:3, s. 341-346
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Breast cancer and melanoma metastasize predominantly via the lymphatic route. It has long been known that invasion into one or a few nodes draining the primary tumour, the sentinel nodes (SN), is the most important, early sign of dissemination. If no malignant cells are detected in the SN, dissemination is unlikely to be expected. For the last 10 years SN biopsy has become an important tool in staging cancers. Two kinds of tracers are used for SN detection: The blue dye, injected during operation, and radioactively labelled colloid, injected before operation. The lymphatic drainage can then be mapped by following the blue dye by visual inspection during the operation, and with gamma camera imaging before and probe detection during the operation. The variations in the tracers used, and the injection and imaging techniques are discussed. The pathologic examination has also undergone a rapid evolution with more detailed analysis including immunohistochemistry. The use of the SN technique has quickly spread worldwide for melanoma and breast cancer but is also being tested in several other cancers. Reports on the influence on morbidity and mortality reduction are becoming increasingly convincing. The near future of SN examination is finally briefly outlined.
|
|
| 3. |
- Kim, Yonghyo, et al.
(författare)
-
Protein Expression in Metastatic Melanoma and the Link to Disease Presentation in a Range of Tumor Phenotypes
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Cancers. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6694. ; 12:3
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Malignant melanoma is among the most aggressive skin cancers and it has among the highest metastatic potentials. Although surgery to remove the primary tumor is the gold standard treatment, once melanoma progresses and metastasizes to the lymph nodes and distal organs, i.e., metastatic melanoma (MM), the usual outcome is decreased survival. To improve survival rates and life span, advanced treatments have focused on the success of targeted therapies in the MAPK pathway that are based on BRAF (BRAF V600E) and MEK. The majority of patients with tumors that have higher expression of BRAF V600E show poorer prognosis than patients with a lower level of the mutated protein. Based on the molecular basis of melanoma, these findings are supported by distinct tumor phenotypes determined from differences in tumor heterogeneity and protein expression profiles. With these aspects in mind, continued challenges are to: (1) deconvolute the complexity and heterogeneity of MM; (2) identify the signaling pathways involved; and (3) determine protein expression to develop targeted therapies. Here, we provide an overview of the results from protein expression in MM and the link to disease presentation in a variety of tumor phenotypes and how these will overcome the challenges of clinical problems and suggest new promising approaches in metastatic melanoma and cancer therapy.
|
|
| 4. |
- Leachman, Sancy A., et al.
(författare)
-
Selection criteria for genetic assessment of patients with familial melanoma
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Journal of American Academy of Dermatology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0190-9622. ; 61:4, s. 677-684
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Approximately 5% to 10% of melanoma may be hereditary in nature, and about 2% of melanoma can be specifically attributed to pathogenic germline mutations in cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A). To appropriately identify the small proportion of patients Who benefit most from referral to a genetics specialist for consideration of genetic testing for CDKN2A, We have reviewed available published studies of CDKN2A mutation analysis in cohorts with invasive, cutaneous melanoma and found variability in the rate of CDKN2A mutations based on geography, ethnicity, and the type of study and eligibility criteria used. Except in regions of high melanoma incidence, such as Australia, we found higher rates of CDKN2A positivity in individuals with 3 or more primary invasive melanomas and/or families with at least one invasive melanoma and two or more other diagnoses of invasive melanoma and/or pancreatic cancer among first- or second-degree relatives on the same side of the family. The Work summarized in this review should help identify individuals who are appropriate candidates for referral for genetic consultation and possible testing. (J Am Acad Dermatol 2009;61:677-84.)
|
|
| 5. |
- Sugihara, Yutaka, et al.
(författare)
-
A New Look at Drugs Targeting Malignant Melanoma – An Application for Mass Spectrometry Imaging
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Proteomics. - : Wiley. - 1615-9861 .- 1615-9853. ; 14:17-18, s. 1963-1970
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Malignant melanoma (MM) patients are being treated with an increasing number of personalized medicine (PM) drugs, several of which are small molecule drugs developed to treat patients with specific disease genotypes and phenotypes. In particular, the clinical application of protein kinase inhibitors (PKI) has been highly effective for certain subsets of MM patients. Vemurafenib, a PKI targeting BRAF mutated protein, has shown significant efficacy in slowing disease progression. In this paper we provide an overview of this new generation of targeted drugs, and demonstrate the first data on localization of personalized medicine drugs within tumor compartments. In this study, we have introduced matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) to provide new information on one of the drugs currently used in the PM treatment of MM, vemurafenib. In a proof-of-concept in vitro study, MALDI-MSI was used to identify vemurafenib applied to metastatic lymph nodes tumors of subjects attending the regional hospital network of Southern Sweden. The paper provides evidence of BRAF overexpression in tumors isolated from MM patients and localization of the specific drug targeting BRAF, vemurafenib, using mass spectrometry fragment ion signatures. Our ability to determine drug uptake at the target sites of directed therapy provides important opportunity for increasing our understanding about the mode of action of drug activity within the disease environment.
|
|
