| 1. |
- Bernal, Ximena E., et al.
(författare)
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Empowering Latina scientists
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 363:6429, s. 825-826
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 2. |
- Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
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| 3. |
- Bachiller, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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The Ubiquitin Proteasome System in Neuromuscular Disorders : Moving Beyond Movement
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Molecular Sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 1422-0067. ; 21:17
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neuromuscular disorders (NMDs) affect 1 in 3000 people worldwide. There are more than 150 different types of NMDs, where the common feature is the loss of muscle strength. These disorders are classified according to their neuroanatomical location, as motor neuron diseases, peripheral nerve diseases, neuromuscular junction diseases, and muscle diseases. Over the years, numerous studies have pointed to protein homeostasis as a crucial factor in the development of these fatal diseases. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) plays a fundamental role in maintaining protein homeostasis, being involved in protein degradation, among other cellular functions. Through a cascade of enzymatic reactions, proteins are ubiquitinated, tagged, and translocated to the proteasome to be degraded. Within the ubiquitin system, we can find three main groups of enzymes: E1 (ubiquitin-activating enzymes), E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes), and E3 (ubiquitin-protein ligases). Only the ubiquitinated proteins with specific chain linkages (such as K48) will be degraded by the UPS. In this review, we describe the relevance of this system in NMDs, summarizing the UPS proteins that have been involved in pathological conditions and neuromuscular disorders, such as Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA), Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT), or Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), among others. A better knowledge of the processes involved in the maintenance of proteostasis may pave the way for future progress in neuromuscular disorder studies and treatments.
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| 4. |
- Onate, Angelo, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of Nb-Si-doped low-carbon steel treated by quenching and partitioning : Thermic treatment in two stages supported by computational thermodynamical simulation and controlled sample dimensions
- 2023
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Ingår i: Materials Today Communications. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-4928. ; 34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quench and partition steels find wide use in the automotive industry because of their high capability of energy absorption. Industrial demands have prompted the expansion of this research field because of the influence these materials have on components that can absorb high energy of impact to reduce passenger damage, for example. The partition process's difficulties lie mainly in controlling the thermodynamics and the kinetics of the phase transformation. Both affect achieving adequate austenite retention and optimal mechanical properties. Many researchers have attempted to increase these materials' energy absorption efficiency by incorporating micro -alloying elements that control phase transformation during the partitioning process, typically done in three steps. However, no research has been carried out on this topic using Nb and Si microalloying on low-carbon steels in two stages. Therefore, an alloy was designed and modelled with mechanical reinforcement by precipitation and transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP), doping the steel with Nb and Si in a two-stage quenching and parti-tioning process. Then, steel samples were fabricated to validate the model. There were two groups of samples with different dimensions to evaluate the sensitivity of austenite retention concerning the sample thickness. The main results showed that 10.75% of retained austenite allows an energy absorption of 30.55 GPa% with a two -stage quenching and partitioning heat treatment. Sample thickness influences austenite retention due to diffusion kinetics during the partitioning process. Finally, virtual tests quantified the unit strain energy absorption of the retained austenite at 1.9 mJ at 25 degrees C.
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