| 1. |
- Isaksson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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High-Throughput LC-MS/MS Method for Determination of the Alcohol Use Biomarker Phosphatidylethanol in Clinical Samples by Use of a Simple Automated Extraction Procedure-Preanalytical and Analytical Conditions
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2576-9456 .- 2475-7241. ; 2:6, s. 880-892
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) is an alcohol use biomarker with higher clinical sensitivity and specificity than commonly used alcohol markers. Since its introduction as a clinical alcohol-marker in 2006, the number of samples sent to our laboratory for the determination of PEth has shown a strong annual increase. This has prompted the need to develop a cost-effective and reliable analytical procedure with high capacity. METHODS: An LC-MS/MS method for the determination of PEth 16:0/18:1 with a short turnaround time (3 min) has been evaluated with respect to accuracy, sensitivity, and precision. We compared this method with a previously used HPLC method, as well as a manual and a simplified automated method for sample workup, and investigated potential causes of analytic and preanalytic errors. RESULTS: The method shows limits of detection and quantification of 0.0075 μmol/L (5.2 ng/mL) and <0.05 μmol/L (<35 ng/mL), respectively. During a 2.1-year period, the method has shown a total CV < 8% for control samples (n = 2808) in the range of 0.10 (70) to 3.5 μmol/L (2461 ng/mL). The simplified automated method for sample preparation works equally well as the manual one. No specific and clinically significant causes of preanalytic errors were found. CONCLUSIONS: This LC-MS/MS method with automated sample workup is well suited for a clinical laboratory with LC-MS/MS experience and has the capability, proven from several years of use, to produce reliable PEth results in a high-volume laboratory (>50000 clinical samples/year).
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| 2. |
- Blomdell, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Extending an Industrial Robot Controller-Implementation and Applications of a Fast Open Sensor Interface
- 2005
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Ingår i: IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine. - 1070-9932. ; 12:3, s. 85-94
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many promising robotics research results were obtained during the late 1970s and early 1980s. Some examples include Cartesian force control and advanced motion planning. Now, 20 years and many research projects later, many technologies still have not reached industrial usage. An important question to consider is how this situation can be improved for future deployment of necessary technologies. Today, modern robot control systems used in industry provide highly optimized motion control that works well in a variety of standard applications. To this end, computationally intensive, model-based robot motion control techniques have become standard during the last decade. While the principles employed have been known for many years, deployment in products required affordable computing power, efficientengineering tools, customer needs for productivity/performance, and improved end-user competence in the utilization of performance features. However, applications that are considered nonstandard today motivate a variety of research efforts and system development to package results in a usable form. Actually, robots are not useful for many manufacturing tasks today, in particular those found in small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Reasonsinclude complex configuration, nonintuitive (for the shop floor) programming, and difficulties instructing robots to deal with variations in their environment. The latter challenge includes both task definitions and definition of motion control utilizing external sensors. The key word here is flexibility, and flexible motion control is particularly difficult since the user or system integrator needs to influence the core real-time software functions that are critical for the performance and safe operation of the system. We must find techniques that permit real-time motion controllers to be extended for new, demanding application areas.
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| 3. |
- Isaksson, Johan, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Pretreatment methods for gasification of biomass and Fischer-Tropsch crude production integrated with a pulp and paper mill
- 2014
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Ingår i: Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1618-954X .- 1618-9558. ; 16:7, s. 1393-1402
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, the influence on the system performance and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of different biomass pretreatment methods before gasification and Fischer–Tropsch (FT) crude production was evaluated. Entrained flow gasification has the benefit of producing a practically tar-free synthesis gas with nearly complete carbon conversion. This gasifier type requires a relatively dry fuel, with small particle size, at high pressure. The size can be acquired by milling, which is energy intensive and feeding is challenging. Torrefaction of biomass facilitates milling; it thus requires less electricity, however, the torrefaction process requires heat. Pyrolysis decomposes the biomass into gaseous, liquid, and solid parts, respectively. This further makes feeding easier, but comes with a greater heat demand than torrefaction. The impact of the different pretreatment methods on the overall energy system has been evaluated using process integration methodology. The results show that the excess heat from an FT process with a biomass input of 300 MWHHV can replace the bark boiler in a large chemical pulp and paper mill, producing 350,000 tonnes of bleached paperboard annually. With the preconditions given for this study, thermal pretreatment of biomass may be beneficial in terms of wood-to-FT crude efficiency, with efficiencies up to 68 %, assuming 40 % electrical efficiency. Pretreatment using pyrolysis performed the best in regards to GHG emissions, if CO2 from acid gas removal was vented, while milling, with an annual reduction of around 700,000 tonnes of CO2,eq, had the best results if the CO2 was captured and sequestrated.
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| 4. |
- Forslund, Anders, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating How Functional Performance in Aerospace Components Is Affected by Geometric Variation
- 2018
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Ingår i: SAE International Journal of Aerospace. - : SAE International. - 1946-3855 .- 1946-3901. ; 11:1, s. 5-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Geometric variation stemming from manufacturing can be a limiting factor for the quality and reliability of products. Therefore, manufacturing assessments are increasingly being performed during the early stages of product development. In the aerospace industry, products are complex engineering systems, the development of which require multidisciplinary expertise. In such contexts, there are significant barriers against assessing the effects of geometric variation on the functionality of products. To overcome these barriers, this article introduces a new methodology consisting of a modelling approach linked to a multidisciplinary simulation environment. The modelling approach is based on the parametric point method, which allows point-scanned data to be transferred to parameterised CAD models. In a case study, the methodology is implemented in an industrial setting. The capability of the methodology is demonstrated through a few applications, in which the effects of geometric variation on the aerodynamic, thermal, and structural performance of a load-bearing turbofan component are analysed. The proposed methodology overcomes many of the current barriers, making it more feasible to assess the effects of geometric variation during the early design phases. Despite some limitations, the methodology contributes to an academic understanding of how to evaluate geometric variation in multidisciplinary simulations and provides a tool for industry.
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| 5. |
- Isaksson, Anders, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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BIM use in the production process among medium sized contractors : A survey of Swedish medium sized contractors
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Building Information Modelling (BIM) is claimed to transform the AEC industry, whereas current research has argued that diffusion of BIM use proceeds at a slower rate than the optimistic predictions. However, governmental initiatives where public clients in countries like Finland, Singapore, United Kingdom and Sweden start to require a Building Information Model as a part of the project delivery, are supposed to increase the pace of diffusion of BIM use. Today, larger contractor firms use BIM to a varying extent. But BIM use in mid-sized contractor firms, with 50 – 500 employees, which successfully can compete with larger contractors on projects up to 50 million Euros, is relatively unknown. The aim of the paper is to explore the current use and perceived challenges and driving forces of BIM-implementation among mid-sized contractors. The data used in this study is collected through a survey send to chief executive officers, or their closest sub-ordinates, of mid-sized construction firms in Sweden. The survey is based on a technology-, organization-, environment framework that is used in information systems research in order to study the use of inter-organizational information systems. The total population of firms in the survey is 136. The preliminary results presented in this paper are based on 31 answers (30 percent response rate). 58 percent of the respondents said that they have been involved in a project where BIM has been used in some way. The most commonly used application is visualization. The highest obstacles perceived are that partners are not using BIM, there is no demand from clients, and there is no internal demand in the company. For the two last obstacles there were significant differences between users and non-users. The most common perceived driving forces were that BIM is a means for following the technical development and BIM can give the company competitive advantages. Moreover, the results indicate that the main driver behind BIM-implementation is mainly determined by an individual’s subjective positive or negative evaluation of BIM, rather than by external pressure from clients and partners, or by internal capacity and knowledge to use BIM.
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| 6. |
- Isaksson, Johan, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison between a detailed pinch analysis and the 'Heat Load Model for Pulp and Paper' - Case study for a Swedish thermo-mechanical pulp and paper mill
- 2012
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Ingår i: Chemical Engineering Transactions. - 2283-9216 .- 2283-9216. ; 29, s. 43-48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pinch analysis has been used for several decades as a tool for making industrial processes more energy efficient by identifying process integration opportunities. Hakala et al. (2008) recognise that pinch analysis is a powerful tool when it comes to improving energy efficiency in mechanical pulp and paper mills, however often very time consuming due to the extensive need for input data. The heat load model for pulp and paper (HLMPP) tool was developed at Aalto University in Finland as a means of providing a flexible tool for a first quick scan of process integration potential. The intention of this study is to evaluate if the model can accurately estimate the data necessary for performing a pinch analysis for a Swedish thermo-mechanical pulp (TMP) and paper mill. Jönsson et al. (2010) used the HLMPP tool to evaluate the potential for steam savings for four Scandinavian TMP mills. It was found that the minimum steam demands were 2-20 % lower than the current consumptions in the mills. In this study, a detailed pinch analysis was carried out for one of the studied mills described by Jönsson (the mill with the lowest energy savings potential according to the HLMPP screening) to identify strengths and shortcomings of the HLMPP tool. An initial comparison shows that the pinch temperature and demand for hot and cold utility predicted by the HLMPP tool, as presented by Jönsson, differs from the detailed pinch analysis. However, further investigation showed that the HLMPP results can be aligned to the detailed data with good accuracy if more time and knowledge about the process is put in to the model.
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| 7. |
- Isaksson, Johan, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of Different Pretreatment Methods on Biomass Gasification and Production of Fischer-tropsch Crude Integrated with a Pulp and Paper Mill
- 2013
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Ingår i: Chemical Engineering Transactions. - 2283-9216 .- 2283-9216. ; 35, s. 559-564
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, the influence on the system performance of different biomass pretreatment methods beforegasification and subsequent production of Fischer-Tropsch crude is considered. Entrained flow gasificationat high pressure is a well proven technology for coal as feedstock with the benefit of producing apractically tar free raw gas with a close to complete carbon conversion. The short residence time in thistype of gasifier requires a fuel, which is relatively dry and has a small particle size, to be pressurized fromambient conditions up to 20-50 bar. The small particle size can be acquired by grinding but this is highlyenergy intensive and feeding is challenging. Torrefaction is a thermal pretreatment method carried out ataround 300 °C which makes the biomass easier to grind, thus requiring less electricity, and makes thematerial less fibrous, while on the other hand requiring heat for the process. Pyrolysis is a process carriedout at around 500 °C which lets the biomass decompose into a gaseous, a liquid and a solid part. Thesolid part can be grinded and fed into the gasifier together with the liquid and gaseous phases. This willfurther facilitate the feeding but with a further increased heat demand compared to torrefaction. Thedifferent pretreatment methods and their impact on the overall biorefinery energy system have beenstudied and evaluated using process integration methodology. The results show that the excess heat froman FT process with a biomass input of 300 MW(HHV) can replace the solid fuel boiler in a large chemical pulpand paper mill. With the preconditions given for this study, thermal pretreatment of the biomass can bebeneficial in terms of system thermal efficiency.
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| 8. |
- Isaksson, Johan, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Integration of biomass gasification with a Scandinavian mechanical pulp and paper mill
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Efficiency, Cost, Optimisation, Simulation and Environmental impact of Energy Systems, ECOS 2011, Novi Sad, Serbia, July 4-7, 2011. ; , s. 3668-3679
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Scandinavian mechanical pulp and paper industry has been facing great challenges during the past decades, mainly because of a declining demand for newsprint, and higher prices on raw material and energy. One way of increasing profitability is to produce more value-addedproducts besides the production of pulp and paper, thus creating a “biorefinery”. Gasification of residues from forestry, falling bark and cutter shavings has been raised as a promising option for utilizing low-value biomass to produce syngas, which can be further synthesized to, forexample, transportation fuels or chemicals. In this paper, the results of a case study on biomass gasification integrated with a Swedish thermo-mechanical pulp and paper mill (TMP mill) are presented. The mill has an annual paperproduction of 760 000 tonnes and is co-located with a large saw mill. The demand for raw material to the saw mill is about twice as large as the product output, on a volume basis, which potentially leaves a substantial raw material base for a gasifier. A simplified pinch analysis usingthe HLMPP (Heat Load Model for Pulp and Paper) tool has earlier been performed for the studied TMP mill. This paper evaluates the integration of biomass gasification, includingproduction of electricity or liquid transportation fuels, with the studied TMP mill. It also presents the impact of such integration on the overall heat and mass balances. Proper pre-treatment of the biomass prior to gasification as well as treatment of the product gas have also beenevaluated with respect to heat integration aspects. The results of this initial study indicate an interesting match between the constituting parts, i.e. the pulp and paper mill, the saw mill and the production of electricity and transportation fuels. This work will therefore be followed by an economic evaluation based on a more technically detailed study.
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| 9. |
- Isaksson, Johan, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Integration Of Biomass Gasification With A Scandinavian Mechanical Pulp And Paper Mill - Consequences For Mass And Energy Balances And Global CO2 Emissions
- 2012
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Ingår i: Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-5442 .- 1873-6785. ; 44:1, s. 420-428
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Scandinavian mechanical pulp and paper industry has been facing great challenges during the pastdecades, mainly because of declining demand for newsprint, and higher prices on raw material andenergy. One way of increasing profitability is to produce more value-added products besides theproduction of pulp and paper. In this study, integration potentials of three possible future biomassgasification-based energy mills with an existing thermo-mechanical pulp (TMP) mill, co-located witha sawmill, have been evaluated. The product gas was utilized for electricity production in a gas turbine,for production of methanol or for production of FischereTropsch (FT) liquids. Integration of the energymills showed good potential as the TMP mill constitutes a heat sink for which the excess heat from theenergy mills can be utilized all year round. However, since there is little excess heat from the TMP mill atthe required level to be utilized for biomass drying, for example, heat integration is typically one way. Ithas also been shown that integration of biomass gasification with a TMP mill results in larger CO2emissions reduction than stand-alone operation. Still, compared to co-firing biomass in a coal powerplant, the energy mills all have lower potentials for CO2 emissions reduction.
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| 10. |
- Norberg, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Byggsynkronisering
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rapporten redovisar de resultat som hittills framkommit i ett ERABUILD-projekt där avsikten är att skapa industrialiserade processer för definition, utformning, byggande och fastighetsförvaltning som väsentligt kan effektivisera byggande och förvaltning av fastigheter över hela livscykeln. Målet med den svenska delen är att definiera en framtida industrialiserad byggprocess som är stödd av ett synkroniserat flöde av information, resurser, material och aktiviteter till byggplatsens olika produktionsställen. Hypotesen är att platsknutna planeringsmetoderna som Line of Balance och 4D tillsammans med en robust produktionsstyrningsmetod kan skapa arbetsscheman som kan genomföras med tillräcklig förutsägbarhet. Detta är nödvändigt för att kunna skapa bra och effektiva försörjningskedjor. Mobila verksamhetssystem är en lämplig teknologi för att kunna understödja ett sådant synkroniserat byggande. För att säkerställa en öppen tillgång till den gemensamma bygginformationsmiljön (VBE) kommer tekniken med standardiserade Web Services att testas för att koppla ihop applikationer som kan stödja ett synkroniserat byggande.I Etapp I av projektet har produktionsprocessen för en typisk byggplats kartlagts där informations- och materialflöden samt användning av gemensamma resurser nödvändiga för genomförandet av olika produktionsaktiviteter definierats för att utveckla en byggplatsanpassad logistikmodell. Applikationer och metoder för planering och styrning samt strategier och mått för byggplatsens försörjningskedjor av information, material och komponenter har identifierats. I Etapp II, har valda delar av modellen att jämförts och utvärderas mot traditionella metoder i ett pågående byggprojekt, (NCC:s projekt kvarteret Rådjuret i Luleå samt Solberga Torg). Framtagna metoder med stöd av valda applikationer har demonstreras i en avgränsad del av projektet. Idag implementeras 3D projektering i stor skala i den svenska byggbranschen. Detta har lett till bättre samordning mellan olika discipliner och mindre antal kollisioner som måste lösas på plats. I nästa steg kommer en övergång till bygginformationsmodeller att ske (BIM) där informationen kommer att integreras mellan olika aktörer och skeenden i byggprocessen. En sådant naturligt steg är att integrera projektering och produktion där stora värden kan sparas om BIM modellen kan användas för inköp, planering och genomförandet i produktionsprocessen. En demonstrationsmiljö har byggts upp med en modellserver, en BIM Collaboration Hub, för att hantera IFC-filer som definierar byggnaden och andra filtyper som används i olika affärsprocesser. De olika bygg- och installationsdelarna kan läsas in med sina versioner från CAD-system i IFC-formatet och därefter knytas till annan information som t ex krav och tidplaneaktiviteter. Arkitekturen ger en flexibel lösning där företag kan samverka med hjälp av olika överföringsmetoder - filöverföring, tjänster som anropas och inmatning via ett grafiskt användargränssnitt. Den processmodell som utvecklats i inVBE projektet och som utgör viktig del i Håkan Norbergs lic-avhandling (se referenslistan) skapar bättre förutsättningar för beredning/koordinering, synkronisering, rapportering och uppföljning av produktionen på byggarbetsplatserna. Vid projektets slutpresentation var intresset stort från flera byggföretag att prova och utvärdera det nya arbetssättet och de nya verksamhetsstödjande applikationerna. Ambitionen är därför att tillsammans med intresserat byggföretag med lämpligt byggprojekt ansöka om SBUF medel för att genom fältprov utvärdera om förväntade kvalitets- och produktivitetsförbättringar erhålls i verkligheten.
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