| 1. |
- Henriksson, F, et al.
(författare)
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Direct medical costs for patients with type 2 diabetes in Sweden
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 1365-2796 .- 0954-6820. ; 248, s. 387-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To estimate the total direct medical costs to society for patients with type 2 diabetes in Sweden and to investigate how different factors, for example diabetic late complications, affect costs. DESIGN: Cross-sectional data regarding health care utilization, clinical characteristics and quality of life, were collected at a single time-point. Data on resource use cover the 6-month period prior to this time point. SETTING: Patient recruitment and data collection were performed in nine primary care centres in three main regions in Sweden. SUBJECTS: Only patients with an age at diabetes diagnosis >/= 30 years (type 2 diabetes) were included (n = 777). RESULTS: The total annual direct medical costs for the Swedish diabetes type 2 population were estimated at about 7 billion SEK (Swedish Kronor) in 1998 prices, which is about 6% of the total health care expenditures and more than four times higher than the former Swedish estimate obtained when using diabetes as main diagnosis for calculating costs. The annual per patient cost was about 25 000 SEK. The largest share of this cost was hospital inpatient care. Costs increased with diabetes duration and were higher for patients treated with insulin compared to those treated with oral hypoglycaemic drugs or with life style modification only. Patients with both macro- and microvascular complications had more than three times higher costs compared with patients without such complications. CONCLUSIONS: Type 2 diabetes is a serious and expensive disease and the key to reducing costs seems to be intensive management and control in order to prevent and delay the associated late complications.
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| 2. |
- Jönsson, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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Institutional theory in international relations
- 2008
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Ingår i: Debating institutionalism. - 9780719076787 ; , s. 86-114
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The chapter traces the emergence of institutional approaches in International Relations (IR) theory, outlines three important areas of research on international institutions (sovereignty, international regimes and the EU), and suggests promising directions for future research. The review demonstrates that rational choice institutionalism, historical institutionalism and normative institutionalism, as developed in the study of domestic institutions, have constituted sources of inspiration in IR theory.
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| 3. |
- Cardeña, Etzel, et al.
(författare)
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The neurophenomenology of neutral hypnosis
- 2013
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Ingår i: Cortex. - : Elsevier. - 0010-9452 .- 1973-8102. ; 49:2, s. 375-385
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: After a hypnotic induction, medium and highly hypnotizable individuals often report spontaneous alterations in various dimensions of consciousness. Few studies investigating these experiences have controlled for the inherent demands of specific hypnotic suggestions and fewer still have considered their dynamic properties and neural correlates. Methods: We adopted a neurophenomenological approach to investigate neutral hypnosis, which involves no specific suggestion other than to go into hypnosis, with 37 individuals of high, medium, and low hypnotizability (Highs, Mediums, and Lows). Their reports of depth and spontaneous experience at baseline, following a hypnotic induction, and then after multiple rest periods were analyzed and related to EEG frequency band power and global functional connectivity. Results: Hypnotizability was marginally associated with lower global functional connectivity during hypnosis. Perceived hypnotic depth increased substantially after the induction especially among Highs and then Mediums, but remained almost unchanged among Lows. In the sample as a whole, depth correlated moderately to strongly with power and/or power heterogeneity for the fast EEG frequencies of beta2, beta3, and gamma, but independently only among Highs. The spontaneous phenomenology of Lows referred primarily to the ongoing experiment and everyday concerns, those of Mediums to vestibular and other bodily experiences, and those of Highs to imagery and positive affect/exceptional experiences. The latter two phenomena were associated with lower global functional connectivity during hypnosis. Imagery correlated positively with gamma power heterogeneity and negatively with alpha1 power heterogeneity. Generally, the pattern of correlations for the Highs was the opposite of that for the Lows. Conclusions: Experienced hypnotic depth and spontaneous phenomena following a neutral hypnotic induction vary as a function of hypnotizability and are related to global functional connectivity and EEG band wave activity.
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| 4. |
- Hultmann, Ole, et al.
(författare)
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Menar ni att vi ska fråga alla? – om att rutinmässigt fråga barn om våld och övergrepp
- 2019
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Ingår i: Barnrättsdagarna.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Alla barn som utsatts för våld eller sexuella övergrepp har rätt till rehabilitering (BK artikel 39). En förutsättning är att någon berättar vad som hänt. Den som utövat våldet gör nästan aldrig det. Våldsutsatta barn pratar ofta med kamrater eller närstående, men berättar sällan för någon professionell eller myndighet (1). Många barn som varit utsatta för en typ av våld har också varit utsatta för andra former av våld eller svåra livshändelser. Att vara med om flera typer av utsatthet under uppväxten ökar risken för traumasymtom (2), men också risken för långvarig psykisk och somatisk ohälsa (3). Barn som varit med om en typ av våld behöver alltså få frågor om andra våldserfarenheter. Sedan Socialstyrelsen vägledning 2014 har många försökt införa rutinmässiga frågor om våld till barn och föräldrar inom socialtjänst och hälso- och sjukvård. Men det har visat sig svårt att implementera fullt ut (4). Personal behöver vara beredd att lyssna och veta vad de ska göra av svaren för att kunna ta emot berättelser om våld. Vi vill ge inspiration och exempel på hur verksamheter kan arbeta för att få det att fungera på riktigt. Rädda Barnen har arbetat med implementering av rutinfrågor i elevhälsan. iRiSk-projektet har arbetat med rutinmässiga frågor om våld i samband med risk/skyddsintervjuer. Inom Allmänna Barnhusets projekt sprids BOUH Nässjös modell med en mottagningsintervju som följs av flera obligatoriska moment och Socialtjänsten i Kävlinge prövar LYLES, ett validerat formulär för screening av våld och svåra livshändelser (5).
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| 5. |
- Jönsson, Anette, et al.
(författare)
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Wave dynamics of the Baltic
- 2002
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Ingår i: Ocean Engineering. - 0029-8018 .- 1873-5258. ; 30, s. 107-126
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 6. |
- Jönsson, B
(författare)
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Revealing the cost of Type II diabetes in Europe
- 2002
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Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-0428 .- 0012-186X. ; 45:7, s. S5-S12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 'The Cost of Diabetes in Europe - Type II study' is the first coordinated attempt to measure total healthcare costs of Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in Europe. The study evaluated more than 7000 patients with Type II diabetes in eight countries -- Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom. A bottom-up, prevalence-based design was used, which optimised the collection of data at the national level while maintaining maximum international comparability. Effort was made to ensure consistency in terms of data specification, data collection tools and methods, sampling design, and the analysis and reporting of results. Results are reported for individual countries and in aggregate for the total study population. The total direct medical costs of Type II diabetes in the eight European countries was estimated at EUR 29 billion a year (1999 values). The estimated average yearly cost per patient was EUR 2834 a year. Of these costs, hospitalisations accounted for the greatest proportion (55%, range 30-65%) totalling EUR 15.9 billion for the eight countries. During the 6-month evaluation period, 13% of the Type II diabetic patients were hospitalised, with an average of 23 days in hospital projected annually. In contrast, drug costs for managing Type II diabetes were relatively low, with antidiabetic drugs and insulin accounting for only 7% of the total healthcare costs for Type II diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is a common disease and the prevalence is expected to increase considerably in the future, especially in developing countries. Current comprehensive economic data on the costs of diabetes are required for policy decisions to optimise resource allocation and to evaluate different approaches for disease management.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Olesen, J, et al.
(författare)
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The economic cost of brain disorders in Europe
- 2012
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Ingår i: European Journal of Neurology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1351-5101 .- 1468-1331. ; 19:1, s. 155-162
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In 2005, we presented for the first time overall estimates of annual costs for brain disorders (mental and neurologic disorders) in Europe. This new report presents updated, more accurate, and comprehensive 2010 estimates for 30 European countries.METHODS: One-year prevalence and annual cost per person of 19 major groups of disorders are based on 'best estimates' derived from systematic literature reviews by panels of experts in epidemiology and health economics. Our cost estimation model was populated with national statistics from Eurostat to adjust to 2010 values, converting all local currencies to Euros (€), imputing cost for countries where no data were available, and aggregating country estimates to purchasing power parity-adjusted estimates of the total cost of brain disorders in Europe in 2010.RESULTS: Total European 2010 cost of brain disorders was €798 billion, of which direct health care cost 37%, direct non-medical cost 23%, and indirect cost 40%. Average cost per inhabitant was €5.550. The European average cost per person with a disorder of the brain ranged between €285 for headache and €30 000 for neuromuscular disorders. Total annual cost per disorder (in billion € 2010) was as follows: addiction 65.7; anxiety disorders 74.4; brain tumor 5.2; child/adolescent disorders 21.3; dementia 105.2; eating disorders 0.8; epilepsy 13.8; headache 43.5; mental retardation 43.3; mood disorders 113.4; multiple sclerosis 14.6; neuromuscular disorders 7.7; Parkinson's disease 13.9; personality disorders 27.3; psychotic disorders 93.9; sleep disorders 35.4; somatoform disorder 21.2; stroke 64.1; and traumatic brain injury 33.0.CONCLUSION: Our cost model revealed that brain disorders overall are much more costly than previously estimated constituting a major health economic challenge for Europe. Our estimate should be regarded as conservative because many disorders or cost items could not be included because of lack of data.
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| 9. |
- Wittchen, H U, et al.
(författare)
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The size and burden of mental disorders and other disorders of the brain in Europe 2010.
- 2011
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Ingår i: European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-7862 .- 0924-977X. ; 21:9, s. 655-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To provide 12-month prevalence and disability burden estimates of a broad range of mental and neurological disorders in the European Union (EU) and to compare these findings to previous estimates. Referring to our previous 2005 review, improved up-to-date data for the enlarged EU on a broader range of disorders than previously covered are needed for basic, clinical and public health research and policy decisions and to inform about the estimated number of persons affected in the EU.
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