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| 2. |
- Land, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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How do selected crop rotations affect soil organic carbon in boreo-temperate systems? A systematic review protocol
- 2017
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Ingår i: Environmental Evidence. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2047-2382. ; 6:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Soils are important global carbon pools that are under threat from intensive land use through a variety of agricultural practices. Sustainable management of agricultural soils may have the potential to mitigate climate change through increased carbon sequestration and increase their fertility. Among management practices to increase carbon sequestration, crop rotation designs have often been tested on yield effects in long-term agricultural experiments. However, in these studies, soil organic carbon (SOC) was monitored but not always the key objective. Thus, here we provide a method for a systematic review to test the effects of common crop rotations on SOC sequestration to provide evidence on the most sustainable management regimes that can promote SOC storage. Methods: This systematic review incorporates studies concerning selected crop rotations (rotations-vs-monocultures, legumes-vs-no legumes, and perennials-vs-annuals) collated in a recently completed systematic map on the effect of agricultural management on SOC, restricted to boreo-temperate systems (i.e., the warm temperate climate zone). Some 208 studies relevant for this systematic review were identified in the systematic map. An update of the original search (September 2013) will be undertaken to identify newly published academic and grey literature. Studies will be critically appraised for their internal and external validity, followed by full data extraction (meta-data describing study settings and quantitative study results). Where possible, studies will be included in meta-analyses examining the effects of the different rotational practices. Implications of the findings will be discussed in terms of policy, practice and research, and the nature of the evidence base.
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| 3. |
- Nordin, Anders, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
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Lichens known mainly from Norwegian type-specimens
- 2009
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Ingår i: Graphis Scripta. - Stockholm : Nordisk Lichenologisk Förening. - 0901-7593. ; 21:1, s. 1-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- About 50 lichen species are in Scandinavia only known from Norway, many with the type as the only specimen. A few of these are truly rare or overlooked species, such as Bacidia verecundula, Caloplaca havaasii, Ionaspis granvina, Metamelanea caesiella, Micarea osloënsis, and the most remarkable of them all, Buellia tesserata, a widespread but rare, thermomediterranean species, which has not been recollected in Norway since its description. The majority, however, belong in critical, poorly understood genera, such as Lecidea, Polyblastia and Verrucaria and are probably only synonyms of more common species. They are in need of further studies, preferably on recently collected material, since many of them are only known from old, small, poorly developed specimens. In a few cases it has been possible to come to a definite identification with older names: Aspicilia alexandri and A. austronorvegica = Aspilidea myrinii, Bacidia luridoglaucella = Bacidina inundata, Lecidea atrocuprea = Tremolecia atrata, L. epiploica = Calvitimela perlata, Verrucaria osloënsis (syn. nov. Verrucaria magnussoniana) = Verrucaria macrostoma. All names are typified. Two Lecidea species from the top of Galdhøpiggen mountain (2469 m), L. altissima and L. ludificans, both apparently distinct species closely related to Arctic taxa, are important additions to the arctic-alpine element and the only likely endemics among Norwegian lichens.
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| 5. |
- Sævik, Åse Bjorvatn, et al.
(författare)
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Clues for early detection of autoimmune Addison's disease : myths and realities
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 283:2, s. 190-199
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Early detection of autoimmune Addison's disease (AAD) is important as delay in diagnosis may result in a life-threatening adrenal crisis and death. The classical clinical picture of untreated AAD is well-described, but methodical investigations are scarce.Objective: Perform a retrospective audit of patient records with the aim of identifying biochemical markers for early diagnosis of AAD.Material and methods: A multicentre retrospective study including 272 patients diagnosed with AAD at hospitals in Norway and Sweden during 1978-2016. Scrutiny of medical records provided patient data and laboratory values.Results: Low sodium occurred in 207 of 247 (84%), but only one-third had elevated potassium. Other common nonendocrine tests were largely normal. TSH was elevated in 79 of 153 patients, and hypoglycaemia was found in 10%. Thirty-three per cent were diagnosed subsequent to adrenal crisis, in whom electrolyte disturbances were significantly more pronounced (P < 0.001). Serum cortisol was consistently decreased (median 62 nmol L-1 [1-668]) and significantly lower in individuals with adrenal crisis (38 nmol L-1 [2-442]) than in those without (81 nmol L-1 [1-668], P < 0.001).Conclusion: The most consistent biochemical finding of untreated AAD was low sodium independent of the degree of glucocorticoid deficiency. Half of the patients had elevated TSH levels. Only a minority presented with marked hyperkalaemia or other nonhormonal abnormalities. Thus, unexplained low sodium and/or elevated TSH should prompt consideration of an undiagnosed AAD, and on clinical suspicion bring about assay of cortisol and ACTH. Presence of 21-hydroxylase autoantibodies confirms autoimmune aetiology. Anticipating additional abnormalities in routine blood tests may delay diagnosis.
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| 6. |
- Søgaard Jørgensen, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Evolution of the polycrisis : Anthropocene traps that challenge global sustainability
- 2023
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Ingår i: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. - 0962-8436 .- 1471-2970. ; 379:1893
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Anthropocene is characterized by accelerating change and global challenges of increasing complexity. Inspired by what some have called a polycrisis, we explore whether the human trajectory of increasing complexity and influence on the Earth system could become a form of trap for humanity. Based on an adaptation of the evolutionary traps concept to a global human context, we present results from a participatory mapping. We identify 14 traps and categorize them as either global, technology or structural traps. An assessment reveals that 12 traps (86%) could be in an advanced phase of trapping with high risk of hard-to-reverse lock-ins and growing risks of negative impacts on human well-being. Ten traps (71%) currently see growing trends in their indicators. Revealing the systemic nature of the polycrisis, we assess that Anthropocene traps often interact reinforcingly (45% of pairwise interactions), and rarely in a dampening fashion (3%). We end by discussing capacities that will be important for navigating these systemic challenges in pursuit of global sustainability. Doing so, we introduce evolvability as a unifying concept for such research between the sustainability and evolutionary sciences.
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| 7. |
- Søgaard Jørgensen, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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The lure of novel biological and chemical entities in food-system transformations
- 2022
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Ingår i: One Earth. - : Cell Press. - 2590-3330 .- 2590-3322. ; 5:10, s. 1085-1088
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Synthetic chemicals and biologically engineered materials are major forces in today's food systems, but they are also major drivers of the global environmental changes and health challenges that characterize the Anthropocene. To address these challenges, we will need to increase assessment activity, promote alternative production practices with less reliance on such technologies, and regulate social campaigns and experiments.
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| 8. |
- Sønderby, Ida E., et al.
(författare)
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1q21.1 distal copy number variants are associated with cerebral and cognitive alterations in humans
- 2021
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Ingår i: Translational Psychiatry. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2158-3188. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low-frequency 1q21.1 distal deletion and duplication copy number variant (CNV) carriers are predisposed to multiple neurodevelopmental disorders, including schizophrenia, autism and intellectual disability. Human carriers display a high prevalence of micro- and macrocephaly in deletion and duplication carriers, respectively. The underlying brain structural diversity remains largely unknown. We systematically called CNVs in 38 cohorts from the large-scale ENIGMA-CNV collaboration and the UK Biobank and identified 28 1q21.1 distal deletion and 22 duplication carriers and 37,088 non-carriers (48% male) derived from 15 distinct magnetic resonance imaging scanner sites. With standardized methods, we compared subcortical and cortical brain measures (all) and cognitive performance (UK Biobank only) between carrier groups also testing for mediation of brain structure on cognition. We identified positive dosage effects of copy number on intracranial volume (ICV) and total cortical surface area, with the largest effects in frontal and cingulate cortices, and negative dosage effects on caudate and hippocampal volumes. The carriers displayed distinct cognitive deficit profiles in cognitive tasks from the UK Biobank with intermediate decreases in duplication carriers and somewhat larger in deletion carriers-the latter potentially mediated by ICV or cortical surface area. These results shed light on pathobiological mechanisms of neurodevelopmental disorders, by demonstrating gene dose effect on specific brain structures and effect on cognitive function.
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| 9. |
- Wedin, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Slippery when wet: Phylogeny and character evolution in the gelatinous cyanobacterial lichens (Peltigerales, Ascomycetes)
- 2009
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Ingår i: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. - San Diego : Elsevier BV. - 1055-7903 .- 1095-9513. ; 53:3, s. 862-871
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many lichen fungi form symbioses with filamentous Nostoc cyanobacteria, which cause the lichen toswell and become extremely gelatinous when moist. Within the Lecanoromycetes, such gelatinous lichens are today mainly classified in the Collemataceae (Peltigerales, Ascomycota). We performed Bayesian MCMC, maximum likelihood, and maximum parsimony analyses of three independent markers(mtSSU rDNA, nuLSU rDNA, and RPB1), to improve our understanding of the phylogeny and classification in the Peltigerales, as well as the evolution of morphological characters that have been used for classification purposes in this group. The Collemataceae and the non-gelatinous Pannariaceae are paraphyleticbut can be re-circumscribed as monophyletic if Leciophysma, Physma, Ramalodium and Staurolemma are transferred to the Pannariaceae. The gelatinous taxa transferred to the Pannariaceae deviate from other Collemataceae in having simple ascospores, and several also have a ring-shaped exciple as in other Pannariaceae, rather than the disc-shaped exciple found in the typical Collemataceae. Both Collema and Leptogium are non-monophyletic. The re-circumscribed Collemataceae shares a distinct ascus type withthe sister group Placynthiaceae and the Coccocarpiaceae, whereas Pannariaceae includes a variety of structures. All Pannariaceae have one-celled ascospores, whereas all Collemataceae have two- or multi-celled spores. Reconstructions of the number of character state transformations in exciple structure, thallus gelatinosity, and ascus apex structure indicate that the number of transformations is distinctly higher than the minimum possible. Most state transformations in the exciple took place from aring-shaped to a disc-shaped exciple. Depending on the reconstruction method, most or all transformationsin thallus structure took place from a non-gelatinous to a gelatinous thallus. Gains and losses of internal structures in the ascus apex account for all or a vast majority of the number of transformations in the ascus, whereas direct transformations between asci with internal structures appear to have been rare.
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| 10. |
- Wedin, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Vahliellaceae, a new family of cyanobacterial lichens (Peltigerales, Ascomycetes)
- 2011
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Ingår i: The Lichenologist. ; 43, s. 67-72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The recently described genus Vahliella (Peltigerales, Ascomycetes) has repeatedly appearedoutside the Pannariaceae in molecular phylogenies. Here we include data from additional species ofthe genus and utilize mtSSU rDNA and RPB1 sequences to confirm its placement as the sister to agroup consisting of Lobariaceae, Massalongiaceae, Nephromataceae and Peltigeraceae, in the Peltigerales.The new family Vahliellaceae Wedin, P. M. Jørg. & S. Ekman is described for the genus, and itsmorphological characteristics are briefly discussed.
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