| 1. |
- Mishra, A, et al.
(författare)
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Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents' growth and development
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 615:7954, s. 874-883
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.
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| 2. |
- Matilla-Santander, N., et al.
(författare)
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COVID-19 and Precarious Employment : Consequences of the Evolving Crisis
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Health Services. - : Sage Publications. - 0020-7314 .- 1541-4469. ; 5:2, s. 226-228
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The world of work is facing an ongoing pandemic and an economic downturn with severe effects worldwide. Workers trapped in precarious employment (PE), both formal and informal, are among those most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we call attention to at least 5 critical ways that the consequences of the crisis among workers in PE will be felt globally: (a) PE will increase, (b) workers in PE will become more precarious, (c) workers in PE will face unemployment without being officially laid off, (d) workers in PE will be exposed to serious stressors and dramatic life changes that may lead to a rise in diseases of despair, and (e) PE might be a factor in deterring the control of or in generating new COVID-19 outbreaks. We conclude that what we really need is a new social contract, where the work of all workers is recognized and protected with adequate job contracts, employment security, and social protection in a new economy, both during and after the COVID-19 crisis.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Ask, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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The Innovative Exploration Drilling and Data Acquisition Research School
- 2021
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Ingår i: NSG2021 27th European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics. - : European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Innovative Exploration Drilling and Data Acquisition Research School (I-EDDA-RS) is aimed at educating emerging scientists and engineers in on-site drilling and geoscientific investigation technology for mining. I-EDDA-RS consists if a consortium of scientists and specialists from six universities and research institutes in Germany and Sweden. A central component of the research school is that the courses have hands-on components at drill sites, boreholes and repositories. In addition, a course on entrepreneurial skills required in the exploration industry is also included in I-EDDA-RS. The arrival of the Covid-19 pandemic resulted in altered plans. Instead of offering ten courses with strong field work, practical, and entrepreneurial components during 2020, four courses via distant learning were offered. While this was disappointing in many aspects, two of the courses attracted a larger group of students from a wider part of the world than original envisioned. Outreach via on-line and open webinars is also a route to explore, as a complement to meetings and conferences in real life. The I-EDDA-RS courses in 2021 welcomes students at MSc & PhD level, as well as experienced professionals for lifelong learning (c.f. https://www.iedda.eu/rs). The form and type of teaching is to be determined.
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| 5. |
- Henriksson, F, et al.
(författare)
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Direct medical costs for patients with type 2 diabetes in Sweden
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 1365-2796 .- 0954-6820. ; 248, s. 387-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To estimate the total direct medical costs to society for patients with type 2 diabetes in Sweden and to investigate how different factors, for example diabetic late complications, affect costs. DESIGN: Cross-sectional data regarding health care utilization, clinical characteristics and quality of life, were collected at a single time-point. Data on resource use cover the 6-month period prior to this time point. SETTING: Patient recruitment and data collection were performed in nine primary care centres in three main regions in Sweden. SUBJECTS: Only patients with an age at diabetes diagnosis >/= 30 years (type 2 diabetes) were included (n = 777). RESULTS: The total annual direct medical costs for the Swedish diabetes type 2 population were estimated at about 7 billion SEK (Swedish Kronor) in 1998 prices, which is about 6% of the total health care expenditures and more than four times higher than the former Swedish estimate obtained when using diabetes as main diagnosis for calculating costs. The annual per patient cost was about 25 000 SEK. The largest share of this cost was hospital inpatient care. Costs increased with diabetes duration and were higher for patients treated with insulin compared to those treated with oral hypoglycaemic drugs or with life style modification only. Patients with both macro- and microvascular complications had more than three times higher costs compared with patients without such complications. CONCLUSIONS: Type 2 diabetes is a serious and expensive disease and the key to reducing costs seems to be intensive management and control in order to prevent and delay the associated late complications.
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| 6. |
- Pramling, Niklas, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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The Letter Thief: From Playing to Teaching to Learning to Playing
- 2019
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Ingår i: Play-Responsive Teaching in Early Childhood Education. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2468-8746.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this chapter, we show how a learning content can be introduced in a child-initiated play frame, without interrupting the play. The chapter therefore gives an example of how what is sometimes referred to as academic content can be promoted through such activity. The analysis clarifies how reading and graphical symbols become structuring resources in children’s play. A real-world problem (as is) is introduced and managed within the fictional realm of play (as if). © 2019, The Author(s).
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Ambio fit for the 2020s
- 2022
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Nature. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 51:5, s. 1091-1093
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 8. |
- Jonsson, Anna C., et al.
(författare)
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Climate Change Adaptation in urban India : The inclusive formulation of local adaptation strategies
- 2015
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Ingår i: Global NEST. International Journal. - : Global NEST. - 1108-4006. ; 17:1, s. 61-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Kota, the third largest city of Rajasthan, poverty levels are high in many areas and there is a great need to assess the vulnerability and adaptive capacity of different societal groups and sectors to the impacts of climatic variability and change, and to formulate sustainable planning strategies. The city is a large rapidly growing centre (but not a megacity), facing a varied and challenging water situation and anticipated harmful effects of climate change. The methodological approach involves participatory workshops with key stakeholders in urban administration to identify vulnerabilities, and discuss concrete strategies for increasing the adaptive capacity of the most vulnerable areas and sectors. The paper focuses on water resource planning (storm, potable, and wastewater), since it is already a challenging societal issue and one which will become even more critical in the future with climate change. We aim to contribute to improved urban water management for sustainable climate change adaptation in developing countries through an improved methodology of vulnerability assessments, capacity building and social learning, and a deeper empirical understanding of an urban context in Central India.
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| 9. |
- Jonsson, Bert, et al.
(författare)
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Creative and algorithmic mathematical reasoning : effects of transfer-appropriate processing and effortful struggle
- 2016
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Ingår i: International journal of mathematical education in science and technology. - 0020-739X .- 1464-5211. ; 47:8, s. 1206-1225
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two separate studies, Jonsson et al. (J. Math Behav. 2014;36: 20–32)and KarlssonWirebring et al. (Trends Neurosci Educ. 2015;4(1–2):6–14),showed that learning mathematics using creative mathematical reasoningand constructing their own solution methods can be moreefficient than if students use algorithmic reasoning and are giventhe solution procedures. It was argued that effortful struggle was thekey that explained this difference. It was also argued that the resultscould not be explained by the effects of transfer-appropriate processing,although this was not empirically investigated. This studyevaluated the hypotheses of transfer-appropriate processing andeffortful struggle in relation to the specific characteristics associatedwith algorithmic reasoning task and creativemathematical reasoningtask. In a between-subjects design, upper-secondary students werematched according to their working memory capacity.The main finding was that the superior performance associated withpracticing creative mathematical reasoning was mainly supportedby effortful struggle, however, there was also an effect of transferappropriateprocessing. It is argued that students need to strugglewith important mathematics that in turn facilitates the constructionof knowledge. It is further argued that the way we construct mathematicaltasks have consequences for how much effort students allocateto their task-solving attempt.
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| 10. |
- Aaro Jonsson, Catherine C., et al.
(författare)
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Variability in quality of life 13 years after traumatic brain injury in childhood
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Rehabilitation Research. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0342-5282 .- 1473-5660. ; 37:4, s. 317-322
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the aim of describing variability in the long-term outcome of quality of life after neurosurgically treated pediatric traumatic brain injury, mostly self-reports of 21 individuals with mild or moderate/severe injury were gathered using Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory in telephone interviews 13 years aftyer injury. A majority of the participants reported brain injury-related problems. The median outcome on Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory was mild to moderate limitations. The variation within the moderate/severe group varied between relatively good outcome and moderate/severe limitations. Concentration, irritability, fatigue, and transportation were reported as the most problematic areas, whereas self-care was reported as well functioning. Societal participation appeared to be the best functional domain in this Swedish study. Examples of individual reports of the life-situation at various outcome levels were provided. Variability in outcome is large within severity groups, and research may gain by addressing both outcomes of the individuals and groups. Objective questions of outcome should be accompanied by questions of actual functioning in everyday life. To ensure long-term support for quality of life for those with remaining dysfunction after pediatric traumatic brain injury, healthcare systems should implement systematic routines for referral to rehabilitation and support.
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