| 1. |
- Bergek, Anna, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Analysing the Dynamics and Fucntionality of Sectoral Innovation Systems - a manual
- 2005
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Ingår i: DRUID Tenth Anniversary Summer Conference 2005, Copenhagen Business School, Copenhagen, Denmark, June 27-29, 2005.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Various researchers and policy analysts have experimented with empirical studies of sectoral innovation systems (SIS), in which attempts have been made to understand the current structure of various innovation systems and trace their dynamics. We have captured the dynamics in terms of not only the structural components of a SIS but also pioneered such an analysis in terms of functional patterns (as well as functionality). In a collaborative work with VINNOVA (the Swedish Agency for Innovation Systems), we have taken the analysis one step further and made explicit a scheme of analysis, or a manual for policy makers. The manual is based on the received literature, our prior experience in developing and applying functional thinking and three experimental case studies, conducted in collaboration with VINNOVA. The manual can be used by policy makers to identify not only the key policy issues but also to set policy goals and to assess the usefulness of various policy instruments.
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| 2. |
- Björkman, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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New thermodynamic tools
- 1986
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Ingår i: Scaninject IV. - Luleå : MEFOS.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Grape, Sophie, et al.
(författare)
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Modelling Cherenkov light from irradiated nuclear fuel assemblies using GEANT4
- 2010
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Digital Cherenkov Viewing Device (DCVD) is currently used by International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) inspectors for gross defect verification of spent nuclear fuel assemblies in storage pools. A Cherenkov light image is obtained from the spent fuel and the verification is made by the detection of unique Cherenkov characteristics of spent fuel. To take further advantage of its quantitative capabilities, the DCVD’s ability to detect partial defects down to the 30% level is now being investigated. To evaluate the performance of the DCVD, simulations of the emitted and recorded light can be very useful. This presentation describes how the software toolkit GEANT4 is used to gain better understanding of the light contributions from the fuel and its environment by means of Monte Carlo simulations. The toolkit allows the user to access information on individual photon emission coordinates and their momentum vectors and it is also possible to take the expected rod-by-rod burnup distribution at different axial levels into account. Investigations have shown that the Cherenkov light production about the fuel is dominated by gamma radiation from the fuel material interacting with the water surrounding the fuel. A study of the range of the Cherenkov photon production from individual fuel rods, which is of relevance for partial-defect verification, is presented. In addition, emission distributions of Cherenkov light are presented for simulated PWR fuel assemblies with different configurations of replaced rods. Simulated light intensities in guide tubes are presented, showing variations depending on whether fuel rods nearby have been substituted or not.
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| 5. |
- Grape, Sophie, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Partial defect verification using the DCVD : a capability evaluation approach
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Digital Cherenkov Viewing Device (DCVD) is a non-intrusive instrument available to theInternational Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) for verifying spent nuclear fuel in storage pools. It iscurrently used for gross-defect evaluations, i.e. to verify that an item in a storage pool is anirradiated fuel assembly and not a fresh assembly or a dummy. This is done by recording images ofthe Cherenkov light emitted in the water surrounding the fuel. Currently, the instrument’s ability toalso detect partial defects at the 50% level or even lower is under study. Here, experimental work iscomplimented by modeling and simulations due to the limited availability of assemblies with partialdefects.Ideally, an IAEA inspector should be able to use the DCVD at e.g. a fuel storage site andimmediately after scanning obtain information on (1) whether an item is an irradiated fuel assemblyor not, and (2) whether the assembly is intact or suffers from a partial defect. This paper discusses adecision-making methodology intended for the latter purpose with the objective to implement it inthe DCVD software in order to facilitate smooth inspection procedures. Inspectors will thus not berequired to possess any expertise in the decision-making methodology.The paper also describes measurements performed during spring 2011 at the CLAB interim spentfuel storage in Sweden. The measurements were carried out with the objective to optimize theequipment handling and work flow during this type of measurement campaigns and to form a basisfor the evaluation of the DCVD’s ability to detect partial defects.
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| 6. |
- Grape, Sophie, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Recent modelling studies for analysing the partial-defect detection capability of theDigital Cherenkov Viewing Device
- 2013
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Digital Cherenkov Viewing Device (DCVD) is an instrument available to IAEA inspectors forverifying spent nuclear fuel in wet storage at nuclear facilities. The instrument records the Cherenkovlight that is emitted in the water surrounding the highly radioactive fuel. The light intensity is largelydependent on the amount of nuclear material in the fuel as well as its burnup and cooling time and can beused by the inspector as a measure for verifying the properties of the fuel.To aid in the analysis of the Cherenkov light intensity, a simulation toolkit has been developed, whichmodels the emission, transport and detection of Cherenkov light. This toolkit is particularly useful forinvestigating the response of the DCVD for fuel assemblies subject to different types of partial defects,where fuel rods might have been removed or substituted with non-irradiated material. Variousconfigurations of partial defects may be simulated in order to evaluate the detection capabilities of theDCVD.Here, we present how the light intensity recorded by the DCVD is affected by the fuel history and by thepartial defect scenario. We present a methodology for how the analysis and interpretation of recordedintensities may be performed to result in confidence-supported statements of different levels of partialdefect. Finally, we suggest topics for further studies to accomplish an automated inspection system based on this methodology.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Lindberg, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling of Cherenkov light emission from BWR nuclear fuel with missing or substituted rods
- 2006
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Ingår i: IAEA Symposium on International Safeguards: Addressing Verification Challenges.
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Konferensbidrag (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Computer simulations of Cherenkov glow from spent nuclear fuel were carried out. Spent nuclear fuel in storage ponds are verified with the help of the Cherenkov viewing device (CVD) and the Digital Cherenkov viewing device (DCVD). The instruments image the Cherenkov glow generated by gamma ray emissions from spent fuel into the water. An attempt to build a realistic digital model of the DCVD image containing partial-length, missing, and substituted rods was made to see if the effects of the deviations from normal can be predicted. It was concluded that partial-length or missing rods in the model was in good agreement with measured data, but replaced rods in the model showed a weaker attenuation of the Cherenkov glow than the observed DCVD images.
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