| 1. |
- Engström, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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The Swedish CArdioPulmonary BioImage Study : objectives and design
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 278:6, s. 645-659
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cardiopulmonary diseases are major causes of death worldwide, but currently recommended strategies for diagnosis and prevention may be outdated because of recent changes in risk factor patterns. The Swedish CArdioPulmonarybioImage Study (SCAPIS) combines the use of new imaging technologies, advances in large-scale 'omics' and epidemiological analyses to extensively characterize a Swedish cohort of 30 000 men and women aged between 50 and 64 years. The information obtained will be used to improve risk prediction of cardiopulmonary diseases and optimize the ability to study disease mechanisms. A comprehensive pilot study in 1111 individuals, which was completed in 2012, demonstrated the feasibility and financial and ethical consequences of SCAPIS. Recruitment to the national, multicentre study has recently started.
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| 2. |
- Stenberg, Sten-Åke, et al.
(författare)
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Stockholm Birth Cohort Study 1953-2003 : A new tool for life-courses studies
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 35:1, s. 104-110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To create a new tool for life-course studies of health outcomes as well as social outcomes. Methods: Two anonymous data sets, one a local birth cohort and the other a nationwide registry, covering information from early and middle life, respectively, were matched using a "key for probability matching" based on a large number of variables, common to both data sets. The first data set provides social and health information from birth, childhood, and adolescence on boys and girls, born in Stockholm in 1953. The second data set provides information on income, work, and education as well as any inpatient visits and any mortality from mid-life for the entire Swedish population. Results: For 96% of the original cohort it was possible to add data from mid-life. Thus, a new database has been created, referred to as the Stockholm Birth Cohort Study, which provides rich and unique life-course data from birth to age 50 for 14,294 individuals: 7,305 men and 6,989 women. Comparison of matched and unmatched cases in the original cohort suggests that those individuals that could not be matched had slightly more favourable social and intellectual circumstances and had often moved away from Sweden in the 1980s. Conclusion: The new database provides excellent opportunities for life-course studies on health and social outcomes. It allows for studies that have not previously been possible in Sweden or elsewhere. Further, it provides an opportunity for collaborative work with similar databases in Copenhagen and Aberdeen.
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| 5. |
- Malinovschi, Andrei, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) reference equations for diffusing capacity in relation to respiratory burden in the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS)
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - Lausanne, Switzerland : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 56:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) has recently published international reference values for diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO). Lower limit of normal (LLN), i.e. the 5th percentile, usually defines impaired DLCO. We examined if the GLI LLN for DLCO differs from the LLN in a Swedish population of healthy, never-smoking individuals and how any such differences affect identification of subjects with respiratory burden.Spirometry, DLCO, chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and questionnaires were obtained from the first 15 040 participants, aged 50–64 years, of the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS). Both GLI reference values and the lambda-mu-sigma (LMS) method were used to define the LLN in asymptomatic never-smokers without respiratory disease (n=4903, of which 2329 were women).Both the median and LLN for DLCO from SCAPIS were above the median and LLN from the GLI (p<0.05). The prevalence of DLCO DLCO >GLI LLN but DLCO >GLI LLN but versus 4.5%, p<0.001), chronic airflow limitation (8.5% versus 3.9%, p<0.001) and chronic bronchitis (8.3% versus 4.4%, p<0.01) than subjects (n=13 600) with normal DLCO (>GLI LLN and >SCAPIS LLN). No differences were found with regard to physician-diagnosed asthma.The GLI LLN for DLCO is lower than the estimated LLN in healthy, never-smoking, middle-aged Swedish adults. Individuals with DLCO above the GLI LLN but below the SCAPIS LLN had, to a larger extent, an increased respiratory burden. This suggests clinical implications for choosing an adequate LLN for studied populations.
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| 6. |
- Murray, Joseph, et al.
(författare)
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Crime in adult offspring of prisoners : A cross-national comparison of two longitudinal samples
- 2007
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Ingår i: Criminal justice and behavior. - : SAGE Publications. - 0093-8548 .- 1552-3594. ; 34:1, s. 133-149
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies from several countries suggest that parental criminality is a strong predictor of children's own criminal behavior. Recently, the authors found that parental incarceration predicted boys' delinquency in an English cohort, even after controlling for parental criminality and other childhood risks. The present study uses data from Project Metropolitan (Sweden) on 15,117 children born in the same year as the English cohort (1953) to test whether results in England were replicated in Sweden. In Sweden, parental incarceration predicted children's own criminal behavior, but unlike in England, the effects of parental incarceration disappeared after statistically controlling for the criminality of the parent. This cross-national difference may have been the result of shorter prison sentences in Sweden, more family friendly prison policies, a welfare-oriented juvenile justice system, an extended social welfare system, and more sympathetic public attitudes toward crime and punishment.
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| 7. |
- Svensson, Robert, 1971-
(författare)
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Social control and socialisation : the role of morality as a social mechanism in adolescent deviant behaviour
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The object of this doctoral dissertation is to study the processes and mechanisms that restrain adolescents from committing deviant and criminal acts. The framework is that when the socialisation process functions well, and norms and values are internalised, an individual will develop a moral sense as to what is right and wrong. In line with this, morality is examined as a social mechanism that may assist us in understanding and explaining the relationship between socialisation and adolescent deviance and criminal offences. The dissertation also discusses what influence the peer group and structural conditions have on deviant and delinquent behaviour. The dissertation is based on three empirical studies.The first study examines gender differences in adolescent drug use in terms of parental monitoring and peer deviance. Females are found to be more highly monitored than males whilst males are more exposed to deviant peers than females. There is a significant interaction between parental monitoring and peer deviance for the sample as a whole. The effect of this interaction is greater among females, indicating that exposure to deviant peers is more important for the drug use of females in families where parental monitoring is poor.The second study examines the relationship between gender, parent-child relations, shame, and juvenile delinquency. The study proceeds from a social bonding theoretical framework and hypothesises that shame will act as an intervening mechanism through which poor parentchild relations impact upon delinquency. The present study addresses three key research questions. Are girls more strongly attached to and controlled by their parents than boys? Do girls feel more shame in the face of significant others than boys? And finally, does shame mediate the effect of parent-child relations in the explanation of delinquency? The findings show girls to be more strongly attached to parents, more controlled and to feel more shame than boys. Finally, the analyses show that feeling less shame in the face of significant others tended to mediate the effect of poor parent-child relations on delinquency for girls. For boys, both family interaction and shaming components are significantly related to delinquency.The third study examines the way attachment to parents and school bonds are linked to levels of self-esteem (measured as self-rejection) and morality (measured as pro-social values), and whether these factors are linked to associations with delinquent friends in the explanation of delinquency. The findings show that strong bonds to family and school correspond with low levels of self-rejection and high pro-social values. Poor bonding to school and low levels of pro-social values increase the risk for involvement in delinquent peer groups. Poor school bonds, low levels of pro-social values and associating with delinquent friends are related to delinquency for boys and girls. Levels of self-rejection have a more important effect on the delinquency of boys. The results show that the impact of attachment to parents and school bonds on delinquency is for the most part mediated by levels of pro-social values for both boys and girls.
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| 8. |
- Tornhammar, P., et al.
(författare)
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Association of cardiometabolic risk factors with hospitalisation or death due to COVID-19: Population-based cohort study in Sweden (SCAPIS)
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 11:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To assess the association of cardiometabolic risk factors with hospitalisation or death due to COVID-19 in the general population. Design, setting and participants Swedish population-based cohort including 29 955 participants. Exposures Cardiometabolic risk factors assessed between 2014 and 2018. Main outcome measures Hospitalisation or death due to COVID-19, as registered in nationwide registers from 31 January 2020 through 12 September 2020. Associations of cardiometabolic risk factors with the outcome were assessed using logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, birthplace and education. Results Mean (SD) age was 61.2 (4.5) and 51.5% were women. 69 participants experienced hospitalisation or death due to COVID-19. Examples of statistically significant associations between baseline factors and subsequent hospitalisation or death due to COVID-19 included overweight (adjusted OR (aOR) vs normal weight 2.73 (95% CI 1.25 to 5.94)), obesity (aOR vs normal weight 4.09 (95% CI 1.82 to 9.18)), pre-diabetes (aOR vs normoglycaemia 2.56 (95% CI 1.44 to 4.55)), diabetes (aOR vs normoglycaemia 3.96 (95% CI 2.13 to 7.36)), sedentary time (aOR per hour/day increase 1.10 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.17)), grade 2 hypertension (aOR vs normotension 2.44 (95% CI 1.10 to 5.44)) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (aOR per mmol/L increase 0.33 (95% CI 0.17 to 0.65)). Statistically significant associations were not observed for grade 1 hypertension (aOR vs normotension 1.03 (95% CI 0.55 to 1.96)), current smoking (aOR 0.56 (95% CI 0.24 to 1.30)), total cholesterol (aOR per mmol/L increase 0.90 (95% CI 0.71 to 1.13)), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (aOR per mmol/L increase 0.90 (95% CI 0.69 to 1.15)) and coronary artery calcium score (aOR per 10 units increase 1.00 (95% CI 0.99 to 1.01)). Conclusions In a large population-based sample from the general population, several cardiometabolic risk factors were associated with hospitalisation or death due to COVID-19. © Authors 2021
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