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- Jansson, Eva, 1971-
(författare)
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Working together when being apart : An analysis of distributed collaborative work through ICT from an organizational and psychosocial perspective
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of the research is to analyze collaboration and communication in distributed teams working together through ICT (Information and Communication Technology), to provide an overview and a broader understanding of important areas that require consideration. The analysis is from an organizational, psychosocial and managerial perspective, with the aim to support the development of strategies and the creation of more efficient and pleasant distributed work environments. Research questions concern the psychosocial work environment; differences, problems and opportunities for distributed teams, with deeper analysis of areas that was demonstrated particularly difficult. The analysis is concretized into advice to guide distributed teams; common problem areas are pointed out and an attempt on a theoretical model of distributed project work is made. A solid ground for continued research in the area as well as possibilities to support distributed teams is provided. The research was mainly conducted in globally distributed project courses at a university level, where students communicated and collaborated through ICT. The results apply on distributed projects, but can also be relevant for other areas in the new ICT facilitated work environment. The research has been conducted by investigating how team members behave in and perceive distributed work environments; analyzing how i.e. variations in organization, work, social activities and behavior affect how well the collaboration and communication work Teams working in distributed projects go through the same stages and encounter the same problems as any other team. Some problems become harder to overcome, there are new obstacles, at the same time as other problems become less noticeable and new opportunities arise. The base for collaboration and communication changes when team members don't see each other regularly. Teams are entailed to use ICT for basically all communication and various media demands alterations in behavior, as well as it alters the relation between senses and how people perceive things. Distributed team members don't have the same awareness of each other and get fewer cues to interpret situations and handle teambuilding, motivational problems and conflicts. Several of the regular ways to start socializing, build trust and get a common base for understanding and collaboration are not present in a distributed environment. There is no physical team space to meet in and team members don't "see" each other on a regular basis. It is possible to successfully work in distributed teams without regular face-to-face meetings even if it is more intricate. It will always be different, and the big danger is believing that it won't. Working in distributed teams is not necessarily worse, but there are no effortless solutions for replacing face-to-face encounters. Distributed projects require effort, but conducted right it can be a rewarding experience that brings an extra dimension to the project work. To make distributed projects work well it is necessary to consider technological issues as well as their effects on individuals. It is essential to understand the new issues people encounter when moving to a distributed work environment and the interrelations between different areas and variables.
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- Aasa, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Hälsoresan till medelåldern
- 2011
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Ingår i: Svensk Idrottsforskning. - : Centrum för idrottsforskning. - 1103-4629. ; :2, s. 40-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vad är viktigast för att få en god hälsa som vuxen? Sedan 1974 har vi följt samma personer från 16 års ålder in i medelåldern och studerat deras hälsa från flera olika synvinklar. Nu pågår den tredje mätomgången.
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- Alfjorden, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of a new gregarine parasite [Apicomplexa, Alveolata] in mass mortality events of freshwater pearl mussels (Margaritifera margaritifera)
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The freshwater pearl mussel (FPM) Margaritifera margaritifera is a Holarctic species with key roles in river ecosystems. Although of highly ecological importance the species is globally threatened and reaching nearing extinction in Europe. FPM is particularly vulnerable to fluctuations of environmental conditions, being entirely dependent of highly oxygenated streams with clear running water. Therefore anthropogenic activities resulting in habitat loss or affecting water quality such as sedimentation, eutrophication, or acidification of streams have been viewed as important causes of the mass mortality events in FPM. However, in many of these investigations, possible infections from protist parasites were never considered. Here report on a novel parasite associated with several population losses in Swedish rivers. Phylogenetic analysis of the first molecular data for this parasite (18S rDNA gene) revealed that it is related to a terrestrial group of gregarines (Apicomplexa), specifically to parasites of tadpoles belonging to the genus Nematopsis. Further investigations of environmental data revealed the presence of this parasite in Canadian peat bogs and Swedish lakes. We describe the parasite using histology, in-situ hybridization, and transmission electron microscopy and propose a tentative life cycle within the FPM host. Together, our results identify for the first time a pathogenic agent that maybe responsible for the steady decline of a critical animal species in freshwater ecosystems worldwide.
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- Amundsdotter, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Motstånd och strategier i jämställdhetsarbete
- 2015
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Jämställdhetsarbete väcker ofta motstånd, det har de flesta som arbetar med jämställdhet erfarenhet av. Men vilka strategier kan förändringsaktörer använda för att bemöta motstånd och komma vidare i jämställdhetsarbetet, är frågan som utforskas i denna bok.Jämställdhetsarbete berör ofta angelägna frågor där det kan finnas motstridiga intressen, till exempel kring fördelning av resurser, inflytande och ansvar. Inte sällan uppstår starka känslor hos människor. En del visar öppet sin oro. Andra praktiserar förnekelse på olika sätt. Vissa blir aggressiva. Många protesterar i tysthet. Denna ovilja mot förändring brukar formuleras i termer av motstånd och kan alltså komma till uttryck på många sätt.I boken ges ett perspektiv på makt och motstånd som syftar till att bidra till upplevelser av ett större handlingsutrymme för att möta motstånd mot jämställdhetsarbete. Ingången består av material som har skapats i ett forskningsprojekt där jämställdhetsarbetare, medarbetare och chefer, från myndigheter och kommuner har utforskat motstånd och strategier tillsammans med genusforskare. Materialet ger en inblick i vad det kan innebära att arbeta med jämställdhet, vad en förändringsaktör möter och förväntas hantera i jämställdhetsarbetet. Ett bidrag i boken är en rad av idéer på handlingsalternativ för att möta motstånd, som mejslats fram i olika former i projektet. Bokens bidrag handlar också om att förvalta de kunskaper som skapats gemensamt och hur teori kan hjälpa oss att fördjupa, förstå och agera.Boken är skriven av fyra genusforskare vid Karlstads universitet respektive Göteborgs universitet och riktar sig till alla som är intresserade av jämställdhet, förändring och utbildning i organisationer och verksamheter.
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- Anders, Alfjorden, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental challenge of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) with the diplomonad parasite Spironucleus salmonicida to characterize the infection cycle
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Experimental infections were performed of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) from the Baltic Sea region with the Diplomonad fish parasite Spironucleus salmonicida in order to define the infection cycle, specifically the time-line and putative routes of transmission. An oral infection protocol using axenic parasites was developed, as were new diagnostic tools using PCR and specific antibodies. We also produced firefly luciferase expressing S. salmonicida parasites that could be identified in the infected fish using in vivo and ex vivo imaging. The new tools made it possible to follow the S. salmonicida infection cycle in detail. Three different stages of the infection were identified: one initial intestinal stage, followed by a blood stage and a final tissue stage. Parasites intubated into the intestine attached to the intestinal surface and were identified in the blood after 1-3 weeks. Skin lesions and infections of the muscles, internal organs and eyes were seen 4-10 weeks after initiation of infection. Several morphologically different forms of S. salmonicida cells were detected in ex vivo cell-cultures of biopsies from skin lesions. By this infection trial we have been able to show that S. salmonicida may use several alternative routes of transmission. One alternative is the fecal-oral route, similar to other Diplomonad parasites but the parasites can also be excreted directly into the surrounding water from the mucous layer of the skin or from an ulcerated skin lesion. This information can be used to prevent the transmission of the parasite in fish farms.
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