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| 2. |
- Engström, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of the impact of genetic polymorphisms in glutathione-related genes on the association between methylmercury or n-3 polyunsaturated long chain fatty acids and risk of myocardial infarction : a case-control study
- 2011
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Ingår i: Environmental Health. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1476-069X. ; 10:33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, which are present in fish, are protective against myocardial infarction. However, fish also contains methylmercury, which influences the risk of myocardial infarction, possibly by generating oxidative stress. Methylmercury is metabolized by conjugation to glutathione, which facilitates elimination. Glutathione is also an antioxidant. Individuals with certain polymorphisms in glutathione-related genes may tolerate higher exposures to methylmercury, due to faster metabolism and elimination and/or better glutathione-associated antioxidative capacity. They would thus benefit more from the protective agents in fish, such as eicosapentaenoic+docosahexaenoic acid and selenium. The objective for this study was to elucidate whether genetic polymorphisms in glutathione-related genes modify the association between eicosapentaenoic+docosahexaenoic acid or methylmercury and risk of first ever myocardial infarction. Methods: Polymorphisms in glutathione-synthesizing (glutamyl-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit, GCLC and glutamyl-cysteine ligase modifier subunit, GCLM) or glutathione-conjugating (glutathione S-transferase P, GSTP1) genes were genotyped in 1027 individuals from northern Sweden (458 cases of first-ever myocardial infarction and 569 matched controls). The impact of these polymorphisms on the association between erythrocyte-mercury (proxy for methylmercury) and risk of myocardial infarction, as well as between plasma eicosapentaenoic+docosahexaenoic acid and risk of myocardial infarction, was evaluated by conditional logistic regression. The effect of erythrocyte-selenium on risk of myocardial infarction was also taken into consideration. Results: There were no strong genetic modifying effects on the association between plasma eicosapentaenoic+docosahexaenoic acid or erythrocyte-mercury and risk of myocardial infarction risk. When eicosapentaenoic+docosahexaenoic acid or erythrocyte-mercury were divided into tertiles, individuals with GCLM-588 TT genotype displayed a lower risk relative to the CC genotype in all but one tertile; in most tertiles the odds ratio was around 0.5 for TT. However, there were few TT carriers and the results were not statistically significant. The results were similar when taking plasma eicosapentaenoic+docosahexaenoic acid, erythrocyte-selenium and erythrocyte-mercury into account simultaneously. Conclusions: No statistically significant genetic modifying effects were seen for the association between plasma eicosapentaenoic+docosahexaenoic acid or erythrocyte-mercury and risk of myocardial infarction. Still, our results indicate that the relatively rare GCLM-588 TT genotype may have an impact, but a larger study is necessary for confirmation.
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- Lundh, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Spårelement i blodkroppar från väster- och norrbottningar 1990-99
- 2002
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sexton spårelement bestämdes i blodkroppar från 600 kvinnor och män i åldrarna 25-74 år från Västerbotten och Norrbotten. Med Induktiv kopplad plasma (ICP-MS) bestämdes aluminium (Al), vanadin (V), mangan (Mn), kobolt (Co), nickel (Ni), koppar (CU), zink (Zn), selen (Se), rodium (Rh), palladium (Pd), kadmium (Cd), antimon (Sb), wolfram (W), platina (Pt) och bly (Pb). Dessutom bestämdes med atomfluorescens kvicksilver (Hg). Cd-koncentrationerna är av en nivå som kopplats samman med lätt toxicitet. Medianhalterna av Pb och Hg ligger långt under de som satts i samband med toxiska effekter. Variationen var emellertid hög; de högsta halterna är i nivå med dem som anses kunna orsaka ogynnsamma effekter. I en multivariat modell utvärderades effekter av kön, ålder, rökvanor och kalenderår. Framför allt för Cd, men i viss mån också för Hg, hade rökare högre halter än icke-rökare. Kvinnor hade högre halter av Cd och Pb än män. Det fanns klart stigande halter av Cd och Hg med stigande ålder. Vid jämförelse mellan prover tagna 1990, 1994 och 1999 hade en markant sänkning skett av Pb (ca 6% per år), Hg (ca 6% per år) och Cd, men i det fallet bara för män (6% per år), inte för kvinnor. Detta beror sannolikt på minskade utsläpp av dessa metaller, med sjunkande exponering som följd. För Pb och Cd bör sänkningen i exponering ha varit högre än 6% per år, eftersom tidigare ådragen kroppsbörda har en tendens att fördröja en sänkning i blodkroppar. Det finns skäl att även fortsättningsvis följa utvecklingen av metallhalter i blod. För halterna av Al, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se, Rh, Pd, Sb, W och Pt i prover tagna 1999 finns mindre möjligheter att jämföra med andra studier. De funna halterna är emellertid i paritet med det fåtal andra undersökningar som finns. Det fanns en rad associationer mellan halter av olika element. Av särskilt intresse är korrelationerna mellan Pt, Pd and Rh, vilka har spritts i miljön genom användning av katalytiska avgasrenare i bilar. Detta fynd förtjänar vidare undersökningar. Se och Hg var också relaterade, troligen p g a gemensam källa i form av fisk, möjligen också gemensamma bindningar i kroppen.
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| 4. |
- Wennberg, Maria, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Fish consumption and myocardial infarction : a second prospective biomarker study from northern Sweden
- 2011
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : American Society for Nutrition. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 93:1, s. 27-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A beneficial role of fish consumption on the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) has been reported, mostly ascribed to n-3 fatty acids. However, fish also contains methylmercury, which may increase the risk of MI.Objective: Describe how fish consumption and erythrocyte concentrations of mercury (Ery-Hg) and selenium (Ery-Se) are related to the risk of MI, and whether n-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid) in plasma phospholipids (P-EPA+DHA) are protective.Design: This is a case-control study nested within the northern Sweden cohort with prospectively collected data and samples. It comprises 431 cases with an MI after data and sample collection, including 81 sudden cardiac deaths (SCD), and 499 matched controls. Another 69 female cases with controls from a breast cancer screening registry were included in sex-specific analyses.Results: Odds ratio (OR) for the third tertile versus the first were for Ery-Hg: 0.65 (95% CI: 0.46, 0.91); Ery-Se: 0.75 (95% CI: 0.53, 1.06) and P-EPA+DHA: 0.78 (95% CI: 0.54, 1.11). No association was seen for reported fish consumption. Multivariate modelling did not change these associations significantly. Sex-specific analyses revealed no differences in risk associations for Ery-Hg, but a tendency to a higher protective association with P-EPA+DHA for women. High levels of Ery-Se were associated with increased risk of SCD.Conclusions: Ery-Hg, a stable biomarker for fish consumption, is associated with a decreased risk of MI. The result indicates a protective effect of fish consumption against MI, even though data on self-reported fish consumption do not reveal any clear protective association.
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| 5. |
- Wennberg, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Fish consumption and risk of stroke: a second prospective case-control study from northern Sweden.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nutrition journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1475-2891. ; 15:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fish consumption has been concluded to be associated with decreased risk of stroke in several reviews. However, among men, but not women, an increased risk of stroke was previously found at high fish consumption (>3 meals/week) in northern Sweden. This study investigates if previous results on elevated stroke risk with high fish consumption in men in northern Sweden can be confirmed in a larger study with new cases in the same population.A prospective nested case-control study was performed within the population-based Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study cohort. Information on fish consumption, other lifestyle and medical data was collected at baseline. Incident stroke cases (1987-2007, n=735) were identified and 2698 controls matched for gender, age, year of baseline and geographical region.There were no associations between total fish or fatty fish consumption and stroke risk; thus the previous finding of increased risk of stroke with high fish consumption in men could not be repeated. High intake of lean fish (>twice/week compared to
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| 6. |
- Wennberg, Maria, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Fish intake, mercury, long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and risk of stroke in northern Sweden
- 2007
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Ingår i: British Journal of Nutrition. - 0007-1145 .- 1475-2662. ; 98:5, s. 1038-1045
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Results of previous studies on fish intake and stroke risk have been inconclusive. Different stroke types have often not been separated. Our aim was to elucidate whether intake of fish, Hg or the sum of proportions of fatty acids EPA (20:5n-3) and DHA (22: 6n-3) influence the risk of haemorrhagic or ischaemic stroke. Within a population-based cohort from a community intervention programme, 369 stroke cases and 738 matched controls were identified and included in the present nested case-control study. Information on fish intake had been recorded at recruitment, i.e. before diagnosis. Hg levels were determined in erythrocyte membranes, also collected at recruitment, and the relative content of fatty acids was measured in erythrocyte membranes or plasma phospholipids. The results showed that in women there was a non-significant decrease in stroke risk with increasing fish intake (OR 0·90 (95 % CI 0·73, 1-11) per meal per week). The risk in women differed significantly (P=0·03) from that in men, in whom the OR for stroke rose with increasing fish intake (OR 1·24 (95 % CI 1·01, 1·51) per meal per week). The corresponding risk in men for Hg was 0·99 (95 % CI 0·93, 1·06), and for the sum of proportions of EPA and DHA 1·08 (95 % CI 0·92, 1·28). We conclude that the relationship between stroke risk and fish intake seems to be different in men and women. Increased levels of EPA and DHA do not decrease the risk for stroke and there is no association between stroke risk and Hg at these low levels.
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| 8. |
- Wennberg, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Myocardial infarction in relation to mercury and fatty acids from fish : a risk-benefit analysis based on pooled Finnish and Swedish data in men
- 2012
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 96:4, s. 706-713
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Exposure to methylmercury from fish has been associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI) in some studies. At the same time, marine n-3 (omega-3) PUFAs are an inherent constituent of fish and are regarded as beneficial. To our knowledge, no risk-benefit model on the basis of data on methylmercury, PUFA, and MI risk has yet been presented.Objective: The objective of this study was to describe how exposure to both marine n-3 PUFAs and methylmercury relates to MI risk by using data from Finland and Sweden.Design: We used matched case-control sets from Sweden and Finland that were nested in population-based, prospective cohort studies. We included 361 men with MI from Sweden and 211 men with MI from Finland. MI risk was estimated in a logistic regression model with the amount of mercury in hair (hair-Hg) and concentrations of n-3 PUFAs (EPA and DHA) in serum (S-PUFA) as independent variables.Results: The median hair-Hg was 0.57 mu g/g in Swedish and 1.32 mu g/g in Finnish control subjects, whereas the percentage of S-PUFA was 4.21% and 3.83%, respectively. In combined analysis, hair-Hg was associated with higher (P = 0.005) and S-PUFA with lower (P = 0.011) MI risk. Our model indicated that even a small change in fish consumption (ie, by increasing S-PUFA by 1%) would prevent 7% of MIs, despite a small increase in mercury exposure. However, at a high hair-Hg, the modeled beneficial effect of PUFA on MI risk was counteracted by methylmercury.Conclusions: Exposure to methylmercury was associated with increased risk of MI, and higher S-PUFA concentrations were associated with decreased risk of MI. Thus, MI risk may be reduced by the consumption of fish high in PUFAs and low in methylmercury.Am J Clin Nutr 2012;96:706-13.
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