| 1. |
- Fagman, Johan Bourghardt, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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The androgen receptor confers protection against diet-induced atherosclerosis, obesity, and dyslipidemia in female mice.
- 2015
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Ingår i: FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. - : Wiley. - 1530-6860 .- 0892-6638. ; 29:4, s. 1540-1550
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Androgens have important cardiometabolic actions in males, but their metabolic role in females is unclear. To determine the physiologic androgen receptor (AR)-dependent actions of androgens on atherogenesis in female mice, we generated female AR-knockout (ARKO) mice on an atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein E (apoE)-deficient background. After 8 weeks on a high-fat diet, but not on a normal chow diet, atherosclerosis in aorta was increased in ARKO females (+59% vs. control apoE-deficient mice with intact AR gene). They also displayed increased body weight (+18%), body fat percentage (+62%), and hepatic triglyceride levels, reduced insulin sensitivity, and a marked atherogenic dyslipidemia (serum cholesterol, +52%). Differences in atherosclerosis, body weight, and lipid levels between ARKO and control mice were abolished in mice that were ovariectomized before puberty, consistent with a protective action of ovarian androgens mediated via the AR. Furthermore, the AR agonist dihydrotestosterone reduced atherosclerosis (-41%; thoracic aorta), subcutaneous fat mass (-44%), and cholesterol levels (-35%) in ovariectomized mice, reduced hepatocyte lipid accumulation in hepatoma cells in vitro, and regulated mRNA expression of hepatic genes pivotal for lipid homeostasis. In conclusion, we demonstrate that the AR protects against diet-induced atherosclerosis in female mice and propose that this is mediated by modulation of body composition and lipid metabolism.-Fagman, J. B., Wilhelmson, A. S., Motta, B. M., Pirazzi, C., Alexanderson, C., De Gendt, K., Verhoeven, G., Holmäng, A., Anesten, F., Jansson, J. -O., Levin, M., Borén, J., Ohlsson, C., Krettek, A., Romeo, S., Tivesten, A. The androgen receptor confers protection against diet-induced atherosclerosis, obesity, and dyslipidemia in female mice.
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| 2. |
- Jansson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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An anisotropic non-linear material model for glass fibre reinforced plastics
- 2018
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Ingår i: Composite structures. - : Elsevier. - 0263-8223 .- 1879-1085. ; 195, s. 93-98
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper aims to present a methodology to predict the anisotropic and non-linear behaviour of glass fibre reinforced plastics using finite element methods. A material model is implemented in order to remedy the need of multiple material definitions, and to control the local plastic behaviour as a function of the fibre orientation. Injection moulding simulations traditionally provide second order orientation tensors, which are considered together with a homogenization scheme to compute local material properties. However, in the present study, fourth order tensors are used in combination with traditional methods to provide more accurate material properties. The elastic and plastic response of the material model is optimized to fit experimental test data, until simulations and experiments overlap. The proposed material model can support design engineers in making more informed decisions, allowing them to create smarter products without the need of excessive safety factors, leading to reduced component weight and environmental impact.
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| 3. |
- Jansson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Image-based semi-multiscale finite element analysis using elastic subdomain homogenization
- 2021
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Ingår i: Meccanica (Milano. Print). - : Springer. - 0025-6455 .- 1572-9648. ; 56:11, s. 2799-2811
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we present a semi-multiscale methodology, where a micrograph is split into multiple independent numerical model subdomains. The purpose of this approach is to enable a controlled reduction in model fidelity at the microscale, while providing more detailed material data for component level- or more advanced finite element models. The effective anisotropic elastic properties of each subdomain are computed using periodic boundary conditions, and are subsequently mapped back to a reduced mesh of the original micrograph. Alternatively, effective isotropic properties are generated using a semi-analytical method, based on averaged Hashin–Shtrikman bounds with fractions determined via pixel summation. The chosen discretization strategy (pixelwise or partially smoothed) is shown to introduce an uncertainty in effective properties lower than 2% for the edge-case of a finite plate containing a circular hole. The methodology is applied to a aluminium alloy micrograph. It is shown that the number of elements in the aluminium model can be reduced by 99.89 % while not deviating from the reference model effective material properties by more than 0.65 % , while also retaining some of the characteristics of the stress-field. The computational time of the semi-analytical method is shown to be several orders of magnitude lower than the numerical one. © 2021, The Author(s).
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| 4. |
- Jansson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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On the use of heterogeneous thermomechanical and thermophysical material properties in finite element analyses of cast components
- 2019
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Ingår i: Joint 5th International Conference on Advances in Solidification Processes (ICASP-5) & 5th International Symposium on Cutting Edge of Computer Simulation of Solidification, Casting and Refining (CSSCR-5) 17–21 June 2019, Salzburg, Austria. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cast components generally show a heterogeneous distribution of material properties, caused by variations in the microstructure that forms during solidification. Variations caused by the casting process are not commonly considered in structural analyses, which might result in manufacturing of sub-optimised components with unexpected in-use behaviour. In this paper, we present a methodology which can be used to consider both thermomechanical and thermophysical variations using finite element analyses in cast components. The methodology is based on process simulations including microstructure modelling and correlations between microstructural features and material properties. Local material data are generated from the process simulation results, which are integrated into subsequent structural analyses. In order to demonstrate the methodology, it is applied to a cast iron cylinder head. The heterogeneous distribution of material properties in this component is investigated using experimental methods, demonstrating local variations in both mechanical and physical behaviour. In addition, the strength-differential effect on tensile and compressive behaviour of cast iron is considered in the modelling. The integrated simulation methodology presented in this work is relevant to both design engineers, production engineers as well as material scientists, in order to study and better understand how local variations in microstructure might influence the performance and behaviour of cast components under in-use conditions.
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| 5. |
- Jansson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Simulation-driven product development of cast components with allowance for process-induced material behaviour
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Computational Design and Engineering. - : Oxford University Press. - 2288-5048. ; 7:1, s. 78-85
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a methodology that can be used to consider local variations in thermomechanical and thermophysical material properties, residual stresses, and strength-differential effects in finite element analyses of cast components. The methodology is based on applying process simulations and structural analyses together with experimentally established, or already available literature data, in order to describe element-specific material variations. A cast-iron cylinder head was used in order to evaluate the influence of several simplifications that are commonly performed in computer aided engineering. It is shown that non-trivial errors of a potentially large magnitude are introduced by not considering residual stresses, compressive behaviour, temperature dependence, and process-induced material property variations. By providing design engineers with tools that allow them to consider the complex relationships between these aspects early in the development phase, cast components have the potential to be further optimized with respect to both weight and performance.
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| 6. |
- Jansson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Drivers of outsourcing and backsourcing in the public sector : From idealism to pragmatism
- 2020
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Ingår i: Financial Accountability and Management. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0267-4424 .- 1468-0408. ; 37:3, s. 262-278
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Local governments are bringing previously outsourced services back in-house. Research into explanations for sourcing decisions in the public sector is growing, however, few researchers have investigated drivers of both outsourcing and backsourcing in local public-governance organizations. In this study we utilize transaction cost economic theory (TCE) and political ideology to investigate underlying motives of sourcing in local public governance organizations. Based on a 2018 survey of chief financial officers (CEO) in all of Sweden's 290 municipalities, this study shows that backsourcing is strongly associated with outsourcing and that outsourcing and backsourcing should not be understood as opposite phenomena, rather as interdependent phenomena in a dynamic sourcing strategy. Outsourcing and backsourcing are driven in part by different factors: Outsourcing by political ambitions and economic factors relating to TCE, while managerial and pragmatic concerns are foregrounded for backsourcing.
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| 7. |
- Jansson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Outsourcing and backsourcing in a time of crisis – experiences of double opportunism
- 2024
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Ingår i: International Review of Public Administration. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1229-4659 .- 2331-7795. ; 29:2, s. 102-122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article addresses the question of how public organizations with limited capacity manage to handle large scale crises. The case analyzed in this article is the sourcing of accommodation during the migration crisis in Sweden of 2015–2016. The event was a game-changer in Swedish migration policy following a more hesitant policy than before, even though new and substantial migration crisis have followed since then. Results show how the legal framework for procurements was not adapted for extraordinary events. The Swedish state was forced to pay exaggerated prices as private contractors took advantage of the acute demand. The study develops our theoretical understanding of the sourcing process during crises and show how the short-term perspective and uncertainties that characterize crises encourage both suppliers and procurers of services to act opportunistically.
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| 8. |
- Mishra, A, et al.
(författare)
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Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents' growth and development
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 615:7954, s. 874-883
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.
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