| 1. |
- Börjeson, Lowe, et al.
(författare)
-
Open Access to Rural Landscapes!
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Rural Landscapes. - : Stockholm University Press. - 2002-0104. ; 1:1, s. 1-2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The academic study of rural landscapes covers a broad range of academic disciplines and thematic, methodological and theoretical concerns and interests; including questions concerned with resource use (e.g. agriculture, forestry, water and mining), settlement, livelihoods, conflicts, conservation, culture and identity. This diversity is clearly a strength (the rich empirical and intellectual base), but also presents a challenge, as the dissemination of research findings is distributed through a plethora of publishing channels, which do not necessarily encourage exchange of results and ideas that are not already perceived as germane to already established academic networks.
|
|
| 2. |
- Folke, Carl, et al.
(författare)
-
Reconnecting to the biosphere
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 40:7, s. 719-738
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Humanity has emerged as a major force in the operation of the biosphere, with a significant imprint on the Earth System, challenging social-ecological resilience. This new situation calls for a fundamental shift in perspectives, world views, and institutions. Human development and progress must be reconnected to the capacity of the biosphere and essential ecosystem services to be sustained. Governance challenges include a highly interconnected and faster world, cascading social-ecological interactions and planetary boundaries that create vulnerabilities but also opportunities for social-ecological change and transformation. Tipping points and thresholds highlight the importance of understanding and managing resilience. New modes of flexible governance are emerging. A central challenge is to reconnect these efforts to the changing preconditions for societal development as active stewards of the Earth System. We suggest that the Millennium Development Goals need to be reframed in such a planetary stewardship context combined with a call for a new social contract on global sustainability. The ongoing mind shift in human relations with Earth and its boundaries provides exciting opportunities for societal development in collaboration with the biosphere-a global sustainability agenda for humanity.
|
|
| 3. |
- Johansson, A. Malin
(författare)
-
Remote sensing of supra-glacial lakes on the west Greenland Ice Sheet
- 2012
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Greenland Ice Sheet is the largest ice sheet in the northern hemisphere. Ongoing melting of the ice sheet, resulting in increased mass loss relative to the longer term trend, has raised concerns about the stability of the ice sheet. Melt water generated at the surface is temporarily stored in supra-glacial lakes on the ice sheet. Connections between melt water generation, storage and ice sheet dynamics highlight the importance of the surface hydrological system.In this thesis different methods are used that improve our ability to observe the supra-glacial lake system on the west Greenland Ice Sheet. This region of the Greenland Ice Sheet has the most extensive supra-glacial hydrological system with a dense network of streams connecting lakes that can exceed several square kilometres in area. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and visible-near infrared (VNIR) images are used to explore the potential of different sensor systems for regular observations of the supra-glacial lakes. SAR imagery is found to be a useful complement to VNIR data. VNIR data from moderate resolution sensors are preferred as these provide high temporal resolution data, ameliorating problems with cloud cover.The dynamic nature of the lakes makes automated classification difficult and manual mapping has been widely used. Here a new method is proposed that improves on existing methods by automating the identification and classification of lakes, and by introducing a flexible system that can capture the full range of lake forms. Applying our new method we are better able to analyse the evolution of lakes over a number of melt seasons. We find that lakes initiate after approximately 40 positive degree days. Most lakes exist for less than 20 days before draining, or later in the season, and less often, freezing over. Using the automated method developed in this thesis lakes have been mapped in imagery from 2001–2010 at approximately five day intervals.
|
|
| 4. |
- Kleman, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
North American Ice Sheet build-up during the last glacial cycle, 115-21 kyr
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Quaternary Science Reviews. - : Elsevier. - 0277-3791 .- 1873-457X. ; 29:17-18, s. 2036-2051
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The last glacial maximum (LGM) outline and subsequent retreat pattern (21e7 kyr) of North Americanice sheets are reasonably well established. However, the evolution of the ice sheets during their build-upphase towards the LGM between 115 and 21 kyr has remained elusive, making it difficult to verifynumerical ice sheet models for this important time interval. In this paper we outline the pre-LGM icesheet evolution of the Laurentide and Cordilleran ice sheets by using glacial geological and geomorphologicalrecords to make a first-order reconstruction of ice sheet extent and flow pattern. We mappedthe entire area covered by the Laurentide and Cordilleran ice sheets in Landsat MSS images andapproximately 40% of this area in higher resolution Landsat ETMþ images. Mapping in aerial photographsadded further detail primarily in Quebec-Labrador, the Cordilleran region, and on Baffin Island.Our analysis includes the recognition of approximately 500 relative-age relationships from crosscuttinglineations. Together with previously published striae and till fabric data, these are used as the basis forrelative-age assignments of regional flow patterns. For the reconstruction of the most probable ice sheetevolution sequence we employ a stepwise inversion scheme with a clearly defined strategy for delineatingcoherent landforms swarms (reflecting flow direction and configuration), and linking these topreviously published constraints on relative and absolute chronology. Our results reveal that icedispersalcentres in Keewatin and Quebec were dynamically independent for most of pre-LGM time andthat a massive Quebec dispersal centre, rivalling the LGM in extent, existed at times when the SW sectorof the ice sheet had not yet developed. The oldest flow system in eastern Quebec-Labrador (Atlanticswarm had an ice divide closer to the Labrador coast than later configurations). A northern Keewatin-Central Arctic Ice Sheet existed prior to the LGM, but is poorly chronologically constrained. There is alsoevidence for older and more easterly Cordilleran Ice Sheet divide locations than those that prevailedduring the Late Wisconsinan. In terms of ice sheet build-up dynamics, it appears that “residual” ice capsafter warming phases may have played an important role. In particular, the location and size of remnantice masses at the end of major interstadials, i.e. OIS 5c and 5a, must have been critical for subsequentbuild-up patterns, because such remnant “uplands” may have fostered much more rapid ice sheetgrowth than what would have occurred on a fully deglaciated terrain. The ice-sheet configuration duringstadials would also be governed largely by the additional topography that such “residual” ice constitutesbecause of inherent mass balance-topography feedbacks.
|
|
| 5. |
- Margold, Martin, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
-
Glacial meltwater landforms of central British Columbia
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Journal of Maps. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1744-5647. ; , s. 486-506
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Cordilleran Ice Sheet (CIS), which grew and melted repeatedly across the mountain ranges of westernmost Canada during the late Cenozoic, has imprinted its legacy in the form of glacial landforms, such as meltwater landforms. However, despite their abundance, a coherent effort to map meltwater landforms has been lacking. Here, we present a first regional geomorphological map of glacial meltwater landforms of central British Columbia. Series of well-developed meltwater channels occur at higher elevations on the Interior Plateau, in marginal ranges east of the Coast Mountains, in the Skeena and Omineca mountains, and, in much lower abundances, in the Rocky Mountains. Single-ridged eskers, that in direction are consistent with the regional ice flow direction from glacial lineations, occur in elevated areas of the Interior Plateau. Multiple-ridged larger eskers and esker complexes are, on the other hand, confined to the main topographic lows. The geographical distribution of meltwater landforms is a new reliable dataset for use in palaeoglaciological reconstructions and inference of late glacial ice sheet dynamics in central British Columbia.
|
|
| 6. |
- Margold, Martin, et al.
(författare)
-
Lateglacial ice dynamics of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet in northern British Columbia and southern Yukon Territory : retreat pattern of the Liard Lobe reconstructed from the glacial landform record
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Quaternary Science. - : Wiley. - 0267-8179 .- 1099-1417. ; 28:2, s. 180-188
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Liard Lobe formed a part of the north-eastern sector of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet and drained ice from accumulation areas in the Selwyn, Pelly, Cassiar and Skeena mountains. This study reconstructs the ice retreat pattern of the Liard Lobe during the last deglaciation from the glacial landform record that comprises glacial lineations and landforms of the meltwater system such as eskers, meltwater channels, perched deltas and outwash fans. The spatial distribution of these landforms defines the successive configurations of the ice sheet during the deglaciation. The Liard Lobe retreated to the west and south-west across the Hyland Highland from its local Last Glacial Maximum position in the south-eastern Mackenzie Mountains where it coalesced with the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Retreat across the Liard Lowland is evidenced by large esker complexes that stretch across the Liard Lowland cutting across the contemporary drainage network. Ice margin positions from the late stage of deglaciation are reconstructed locally at the foot of the Cassiar Mountains and further up-valley in an eastern-facing valley of the Cassiar Mountains. The presented landform record indicates that the deglaciation of the Liard Lobe was accomplished mainly by active ice retreat and that ice stagnation played a minor role in the deglaciation of this region.
|
|
| 7. |
- Margold, Martin, 1981-
(författare)
-
Retreat pattern and dynamics of glaciers and ice sheets: reconstructions based on meltwater features
- 2012
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Glaciers and ice sheets covered extensive areas in the Northern Hemisphere during the last glacial period. Subsequently to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), they retreated rapidly and, except for Greenland and some other ice caps and glaciers, they vanished after the last glacial termination. This thesis examines the dynamics of deglacial environments by analysing the glacial geomorphological record with focus on the landforms created by glacial meltwater. The aims are (i) to evaluate the data available for mapping glacial meltwater features at the regional scale, and (ii) to demonstrate the potential of such features for regional ice retreat reconstructions in high-relief landscapes. Meltwater landforms such as ice-marginal meltwater channels, eskers, deltas and fossil glacial lake shorelines are used to infer former ice surface slope directions and successive positions of retreating ice margins. Evaluated high-resolution satellite imagery and digital elevation models reveal their potential to replace aerial photographs as the primary data for mapping glacial meltwater landforms. Following a methods study, reconstructions of the deglacial dynamics are carried out for central Transbaikalia, Siberia, Russia, and for the Cordilleran Ice Sheet (CIS) in central British Columbia, Canada, using regional geomorphological mapping surveys. Mapped glacial landforms in central Transbaikalia show evidence of a significant glaciation that possibly extended beyond the high mountain areas. Large glacial lakes were formed as advancing glaciers blocked rivers, and of these, Glacial Lake Vitim was the most prominent. Deglacial dynamics of the CIS reveals that the ice divide shifted to the Coast Mountains in north-central British Columbia and the eastern ice margin retreated towards the ice divide in late glacial time. This thesis demonstrates the potential to reconstruct ice retreat patterns and deglacial dynamics at regional scales by interpretation of the meltwater landform record.
|
|
| 8. |
- Margold, Martin, et al.
(författare)
-
Retreat pattern of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet in central British Columbia at the end of the last glaciation reconstructed from glacial meltwater landforms
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Boreas. - : Wiley. - 0300-9483 .- 1502-3885. ; 42:4, s. 830-847
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Cordilleran Ice Sheet (CIS) covered much of the mountainous northwestern part of North America at least several times during the Pleistocene. The pattern and timing of its growth and decay are, however, poorly understood. Here, we present a reconstruction of the pattern of ice-sheet retreat in central British Columbia at the end of the last glaciation based on a palaeoglaciological interpretation of ice-marginal meltwater channels, eskers and deltas mapped from satellite imagery and digital elevation models. A consistent spatial pattern of high-elevation (1600-2400m a.s.l.), ice-marginal meltwater channels is evident across central British Columbia. These landforms indicate the presence of ice domes over the Skeena Mountains and the central Coast Mountains early during deglaciation. Ice sourced in the Coast Mountains remained dominant over the southern and east-central parts of the Interior Plateau during deglaciation. Our reconstruction shows a successive westward retreat of the ice margin from the western foot of the Rocky Mountains, accompanied by the formation and rapid evolution of a glacial lake in the upper Fraser River basin. The final stage of deglaciation is characterized by the frontal retreat of ice lobes through the valleys of the Skeena and Omineca Mountains and by the formation of large esker systems in the most prominent topographic lows of the Interior Plateau. We conclude that the CIS underwent a large-scale reconfiguration early during deglaciation and was subsequently diminished by thinning and complex frontal retreat towards the Coast Mountains.
|
|
| 9. |
- Timmons, James A., et al.
(författare)
-
Using molecular classification to predict gains in maximal aerobic capacity following endurance exercise training in humans
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Journal of applied physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 8750-7587 .- 1522-1601. ; 108:6, s. 1487-1496
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Timmons JA, Knudsen S, Rankinen T, Koch LG, Sarzynski M, Jensen T, Keller P, Scheele C, Vollaard NB, Nielsen S, Akerstrom T, MacDougald OA, Jansson E, Greenhaff PL, Tarnopolsky MA, van Loon LJ, Pedersen BK, Sundberg CJ, Wahlestedt C, Britton SL, Bouchard C. Using molecular classification to predict gains in maximal aerobic capacity following endurance exercise training in humans. J Appl Physiol 108: 1487-1496, 2010. First published February 4, 2010; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01295.2009.-A low maximal oxygen consumption ((V) over dotO(2max)) is a strong risk factor for premature mortality. Supervised endurance exercise training increases (V) over dotO(2max) with a very wide range of effectiveness in humans. Discovering the DNA variants that contribute to this heterogeneity typically requires substantial sample sizes. In the present study, we first use RNA expression profiling to produce a molecular classifier that predicts (V) over dotO(2max) training response. We then hypothesized that the classifier genes would harbor DNA variants that contributed to the heterogeneous (V) over dotO(2max) response. Two independent preintervention RNA expression data sets were generated (n = 41 gene chips) from subjects that underwent supervised endurance training: one identified and the second blindly validated an RNA expression signature that predicted change in (V) over dotO(2max) (""predictor"" genes). The HERITAGE Family Study (n = 473) was used for genotyping. We discovered a 29-RNA signature that predicted (V) over dotO(2max) training response on a continuous scale; these genes contained similar to 6 new single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with gains in (V) over dotO(2max) in the HERITAGE Family Study. Three of four novel candidate genes from the HERITAGE Family Study were confirmed as RNA predictor genes (i.e., ""reciprocal"" RNA validation of a quantitative trait locus genotype), enhancing the performance of the 29-RNA-based predictor. Notably, RNA abundance for the predictor genes was unchanged by exercise training, supporting the idea that expression was preset by genetic variation. Regression analysis yielded a model where 11 single-nucleotide polymorphisms explained 23% of the variance in gains in (V) over dotO(2max), corresponding to similar to 50% of the estimated genetic variance for (V) over dotO(2max). In conclusion, combining RNA profiling with single-gene DNA marker association analysis yields a strongly validated molecular predictor with meaningful explanatory power. (V) over dotO(2max) responses to endurance training can be predicted by measuring a similar to 30-gene RNA expression signature in muscle prior to training. The general approach taken could accelerate the discovery of genetic biomarkers, sufficiently discrete for diagnostic purposes, for a range of physiological and pharmacological phenotypes in humans.
|
|
