| 1. |
- Lyth, Johan, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Trends in cutaneous malignant melanoma in Sweden 1997-2011: Thinner tumours and improved survival among men
- 2015
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Ingår i: British Journal of Dermatology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0007-0963 .- 1365-2133. ; 172:3, s. 700-706
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Both patient survival and the proportion of patients diagnosed with thin cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) have been steadily rising in Sweden as in most western countries, though the rate of improvement in survival appears to have declined in Sweden at the end of last millennium.Objectives: To analyse the most recent trends in the distribution of tumour thickness (T-category) as well as CMM-specific survival in Swedish patients diagnosed 1997-2011.Methods: This nationwide population-based study included 30 590 patients registered in the Swedish Melanoma Register (SMR) and diagnosed with a first primary invasive CMM 1997-2011. The patients were followed through 2012 in the national Cause-of-Death Register.Results: Logistic and Cox regression analyses adjusting for age at diagnosis, tumour site, and health care region were carried out. The odds ratio for being diagnosed with thicker tumours was significantly reduced (P = 0·0008) and the CMM-specific survival significantly improved in men diagnosed 2007-2011 compared to men diagnosed 1997-2001 (hazard ratio=0·81; 95% CI 0·72-0·91, P = 0·0009) while the corresponding differences for women were not significant. Women were diagnosed with significantly thicker tumours during 2002-2006 and a tendency towards decreased survival was observed compared to those diagnosed earlier 1997-2001 and later 2007-2011.Conclusion: In Sweden, the CMMs of men are detected earlier over time and this seems to be followed by an improved CMM-specific survival for men. Women are still diagnosed with considerably thinner tumours and they experience a better survival than men.
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| 2. |
- Bäck, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Kinesiophobia mediates the influences on attendance at exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation in patients with coronary artery disease.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Physiotherapy Theory and Practice. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0959-3985 .- 1532-5040. ; 32:8, s. 571-580
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To identify predictors of attendance at exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) and to test the hypothesis that kinesiophobia mediates the influence on attendance at CR in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).PATIENTS: In total, 332 patients (75 women; mean age 65 ± 9.1 years) with a diagnosis of CAD were recruited at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden.METHODS: The patients were tested in terms of objective measurements, self-rated psychological measurements, and level of physical activity. A path model with direct and indirect effects via kinesiophobia was used to predict participation in CR. An exploratory selection of significant predictors was made.RESULTS: A current incidence of coronary bypass grafting (p < 0.001) and a diagnosis of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (p = 0.004) increased the probability of attendance at CR, while kinesiophobia (p = 0.001) reduced attendance. As a mediator, kinesiophobia was influenced by four predictors and the following indirect effects were found. General health and muscle endurance increased the probability of attendance at CR, while self-rated anxiety and current incidence of heart failure had the opposite effect.CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that kinesiophobia has an influence on and a mediating role in attendance at CR. The results need to be further investigated in relation to clinical practice.
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| 3. |
- Bäck, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Relevance of Kinesiophobia in Relation to Changes Over Time Among Patients After an Acute Coronary Artery Disease Event
- 2018
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF CARDIOPULMONARY REHABILITATION AND PREVENTION. - : LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. - 1932-7501 .- 1932-751X. ; 38:4, s. 224-230
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To identify levels of kinesiophobia during the first 4 months after an acute episode of coronary artery disease (CAD), while controlling for gender, anxiety, depression, and personality traits. Methods: In all, 106 patients with CAD (25 women), mean age 63.1 11.5 years, were included in the study at the cardiac intensive care unit, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden. The patients completed questionnaires at 3 time points: in the cardiac intensive care unit (baseline), 2 weeks, and 4 months after baseline. The primary outcome measure was kinesiophobia. Secondary outcome measures were gender, anxiety, depression, harm avoidance, and positive and negative affect. A linear mixed model procedure was used to compare kinesiophobia across time points and gender. Secondary outcome measures were used as covariates. Results: Kinesiophobia decreased over time (P = .005) and there was a significant effect of gender (P = .045; higher values for women). The presence of a high level of kinesiophobia was 25.4% at baseline, 19% after 2 weeks, and 21.1% after 4 months. Inclusion of the covariates showed that positive and negative affect and harm avoidance increased model fit. The effects of time and gender remained significant. Conclusions: This study highlights that kinesiophobia decreased over time after an acute CAD episode. Nonetheless, a substantial part of the patients were identified with a high level of kinesiophobia across time, which emphasizes the need for screening and the design of a treatment intervention.
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| 4. |
- Carlander, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Risk of Complications with Energy-Based Surgical Devices in Thyroid Surgery : A National Multicenter Register Study
- 2016
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Ingår i: World Journal of Surgery. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0364-2313 .- 1432-2323. ; 40:1, s. 117-123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundEnergy-based surgical devices (EBD) combining cutting and coagulation are increasingly used in thyroid surgery. However, there is a lack of information about potential benefits and risk of complications outside controlled trials. The aims of this national multicenter register study were to describe the use of EDB, their potential effect on complication rates, and on operation time.Materials and methodsThe Scandinavian Quality Register for Thyroid and Parathyroid surgery includes 35 surgical units in Sweden and covered 88 % of the thyroid procedures performed during 2008–2009. The use of the EBD was specifically registered for 12 months, and 1297 patients were included. Surgically related complications and operation time were evaluated. The clamp-and-tie group (C-A-T) constituted the control group for comparison with procedures where EBD was used.ResultsThe thyroid procedures performed included C-A-T (16.6 %), bipolar electrosurgery (ES: 56.5 %), electronic vessel sealing (EVS: 12.2 %), and ultrasonic dissection (UD: 14.5 %). Mean operative time was longer with EVS (p < 0.001) and shorter with UD (p < 0.05) than in the other groups. The bipolar ES group and the EVS group had higher incidence of calcium treatment at discharge and after 6 weeks than the UD group. No significant difference in nerve injury was found between the groups. There was a significant more frequent use of topical hemostatic agents in the EBD group compared to C-A-T.ConclusionIn this national multicenter study, the use of UD shortened and EVS increased operating time. There was a higher risk of calcium treatment at discharge and after 6 weeks after use of EVS and bipolar ES than after UD use. There was a significant more frequent use of topical hemostatic agents in the EBD groups compared to C-A-T.
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| 5. |
- Jansson, Jan Owen, et al.
(författare)
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Pricing public transport services
- 2015
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Ingår i: Handbook of research methods and applications in transport economics and policy. - Northampton, MA : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9780857937926 - 9780857937933 ; , s. 260-308
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter aims at outlining pricing policy for public transport that maximizes the social surplus, that is, the sum of the producer surplus and the consumer surplus, while internalizing possible system-external costs. It starts by presenting the door-to-door transport cost as a key concept in price theory for public transport, and then first principles of optimal pricing valid for all modes of public transport are laid down. These principles are applied to urban (short-distance) public transport in sections 13.2–13.5 and to inter-urban (long-distance) public transport in section 13.6. Section 13.7 summarizes the methodological conclusions.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Jansson, Stefan P. O., 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence and incidence of diabetes mellitus: a nationwide population-based pharmaco-epidemiological study in Sweden
- 2015
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Ingår i: Diabetic Medicine. - : WILEY-BLACKWELL. - 0742-3071 .- 1464-5491. ; 32:10, s. 1319-1328
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim To investigate the changes in prevalence and incidence of pharmacologically and non-pharmacologically treated diabetes in Sweden during 2005 to 2013. Methods We obtained data on gender, date of birth and pharmacologically and non-pharmacologically treated diabetes from national registers for all Swedish residents. Results During the study period a total of 240 871 new cases of pharmacologically treated diabetes was found. The age-standardized incidence during the follow-up was 4.34 and 3.16 per 1000 individuals in men and women, respectively. A decreasing time trend in incidence for men of 0.6% per year (0.994, 95% CI 0.989-0.999) and for women of 0.7% per year (0.993, 95% CI 0.986-0.999) was observed. The age-standardized prevalence increased from 41.9 and 29.9 per 1000 in 2005/2006 to 50.8 and 34.6 in 2012/2013 in men and women, respectively. This corresponds to an annually increasing time trend for both men (1.024, 95% CI 1.022-1.027) and women (1.019, 95% CI 1.016-1.021). The total age-standardized prevalence of pharmacologically and non-pharmacologically treated diabetes (2012) was 46.9 per 1000 (55.6 for men and 38.8 for women). This corresponds to an annually increasing time trend (2010-2012) for both men (1.017, 95% CI 1.013-1.021) and women (1.012, 95% CI 1.008-1.016). Conclusions The prevalence of pharmacologically treated diabetes increased moderately during 8 years of follow-up, while the incidence decreased modestly. This is in contrast to the results reported by most other studies. The total prevalence of diabetes (both pharmacologically and non-pharmacologically treated) in Sweden is relatively low, from a global viewpoint.
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| 8. |
- Martis, Mihaela-Maria, et al.
(författare)
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RNA-Seqde novo assembly and differential transcriptome analysis of the nematode Ascaridia galli in relation to in vivo exposure to flubendazole
- 2017
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE. - 1932-6203. ; 12:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The nematode Ascaridia galli (order Ascaridida) is an economically important intestinal parasite responsible for increased food consumption, reduced performance and elevated mortality in commercial poultry production. This roundworm is an emerging problem in several European countries on farms with laying hens, as a consequence of the recent European Union (EU) ban on conventional battery cages. As infection is associated with slow development of low levels of acquired protective immunity, parasite control relies on repeated use of dewormers (anthelmintics). Benzimidazoles (BZ) are currently the only anthelmintic registered in the EU for use in controlling A. galli and there is an obvious risk of overuse of one drug class, selecting for resistance. Thus we developed a reference transcriptome of A. galli to investigate the response in gene expression before and after exposure to the BZ drug flubendazole (FLBZ). Transcriptional variations between treated and untreated A. galli showed that transcripts annotated as mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase and cytochrome P450 were significantly down-regulated in treated worms, whereas transcripts homologous to heat shock proteins (HSP), catalase, phosphofructokinase, and a multidrug resistance Pglycoprotein (PGP1) were significantly up-regulated in treated worms. Investigation of candidate transcripts responsible for anthelmintic resistance in livestock nematodes led to identification of several tubulins, including six new isoforms of beta-tubulin, and several ligandgated ionotropic receptors and ABC-transporters. We discovered several transcripts associated with drug binding and processing genes, but further characterisation using a larger set of worms exposed to BZs in functional assays is required to determine how these are involved in drug binding and metabolism.
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