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| 2. |
- Lüönd, A. M., et al.
(författare)
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Construct validity of the German version of the Emotion Reactivity Scale
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Psychology. - : Springer Nature. - 2050-7283. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Emotional reactivity is an important construct to consider when studying mental disorders. This study was conducted to translate and assess the factor structure, construct validity and internal consistency of a German version of the Emotion Reactivity Scale (ERS), which is an originally English questionnaire assessing three components of emotional reactivity: sensitivity, intensity and persistence of emotions. Methods: The German ERS and a range of questionnaires used to assess convergent and discriminant validity were completed by 334 German speaking Swiss participants. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis showed strong support for a bi-factor model, with evaluation indices pointing to a unidimensional construct rather than to domain specific factors. The questionnaire showed good reliability and the factor structure was similar across gender. The ERS showed convergent validity with general psychopathology, behavioral inhibition, negative affect, orienting sensitivity, depressive symptoms and symptoms of disordered eating, and discriminant validity with behavioral activation and alcohol consumption. Conclusions: Findings support the construct validity of the German ERS and suggest that it assesses a unidimensional construct with high internal consistency. Accounting for the unidimensional nature of the scale and aiming for efficient assessment tools, future research could, based on these findings, develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of a short version of the ERS.
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- Hammarström, Per, 1960-
(författare)
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Nationens styvbarn : Judisk samhällsintegration i några Norrlandsstäder 1870-1940
- 2007
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Ingår i: Svensk kyrkotidning. - Stockholm : Carlsson Bokförlag. - 0346-2153. ; :51-52, s. 664-
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med denna avhandling är att undersöka vilken ekonomisk och social ställning den judiska minoriteten intog i det svenska samhället under perioden 1870 till 1940. Tidigare forskning har riktat stor uppmärksamhet mot rättsliga och politiska aspekter av den svenska judenhetens historia, mer sällan mot judarna och samhället i en bredare bemärkelse. Andra studier har lyft fram antisemitism på svensk mark utan att koppla fenomenet till en social nivå.Genom en undersökning av hur judiska invandrare, med ursprung i Östeuropa, successivt fogades in i några svenska lokalsamhällen, tar denna avhandling ett bredare grepp på frågan om judarna och samhället. Här undersöks hur den svenska judenheten integrerades i samhället efter det att emancipationen gett judarna fulla medborgerliga och politiska rättigheter. Judarnas ekonomiska och sociala ställning undersöks, liksom den sociala antisemitism som drabbade judarna. Studien rör sig i gränslandet mellan social- och kulturhistoria. Undersökningen visar att merparten av judarna i Sundsvall, en betydelsefull handelsstad i norra Sverige, fick sin försörjning genom en föga lönsam gårdfarihandel under början av undersökningsperioden. Sedan butiks- och grosshandelsrörelser började grundas inleddes en långsam socioekonomisk klättring. I takt med de ekonomiska framgångarna ökade judarnas sociala status, med engagemang i föreningslivet och lokalpolitiken. De framgångsrika familjerna tonade ner sin judiska identitet till förmån för en borgerlig och nationell kultur.Ungefär hälften av den judiska gruppen fick aldrig uppleva framgången utan förblev en marginaliserad grupp, med småhantverk eller gårdfarihandel som försörjningsbas. Det stora flertalet av denna underklass saknade svenskt medborgarskap. En social klyfta vidgades gentemot den judiska borgerligheten. Under hela undersökningsperioden var antisemitismen en kulturell kod i majoritetssamhället, oavsett integration och socioekonomisk framgång. Mycket tyder på att det sociala klimatet blev mer fientligt gentemot judarna efter 1920. Studien visar att nationalstaten Sverige lämnade litet utrymme för multikulturella strukturer. Judarna accepterades som nationens styvbarn men knappast som fullvärdiga svenskar.
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- Hautle, Lara-Lynn, et al.
(författare)
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Individuals with and without child maltreatment experiences are evaluated similarly and do not differ in facial affect display at zero- and first-acquaintance
- 2023
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Ingår i: Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation. - 2051-6673. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundIndividuals with a history of child maltreatment (CM) are more often disliked, rejected and victimized compared to individuals without such experiences. However, contributing factors for these negative evaluations are so far unknown.ObjectiveBased on previous research on adults with borderline personality disorder (BPD), this preregistered study assessed whether negative evaluations of adults with CM experiences, in comparison to unexposed controls, are mediated by more negative and less positive facial affect display. Additionally, it was explored whether level of depression, severity of CM, social anxiety, social support, and rejection sensitivity have an influence on ratings.MethodsForty adults with CM experiences (CM +) and 40 non-maltreated (CM-) adults were filmed for measurement of affect display and rated in likeability, trustworthiness, and cooperativeness by 100 independent raters after zero-acquaintance (no interaction) and 17 raters after first-acquaintance (short conversation).ResultsThe CM + and the CM- group were neither evaluated significantly different, nor showed significant differences in affect display. Contrasting previous research, higher levels of BPD symptoms predicted higher likeability ratings (p = .046), while complex post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms had no influence on ratings.ConclusionsThe non-significant effects could be attributed to an insufficient number of participants, as our sample size allowed us to detect effects with medium effect sizes (f(2) = .16 for evaluation; f(2) = .17 for affect display) with a power of .95. Moreover, aspects such as the presence of mental disorders (e.g., BPD or post-traumatic stress disorder), might have a stronger impact than CM per se. Future research should thus further explore conditions (e.g., presence of specific mental disorders) under which individuals with CM are affected by negative evaluations as well as factors that contribute to negative evaluations and problems in social relationships.
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- Krvavac, S., et al.
(författare)
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Characteristics of Patients Who Complete Suicide and Suicide Attempts While Undergoing Treatment in Norway : Findings from Compensation Claims Records
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 20:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to identify characteristics that differentiate patients who complete suicide (SC) from patients with suicide attempts (SA) while undergoing treatment in Norway. We examined data from the Norwegian System of Patient Injury Compensation (Norsk Pasientskade Erstatning—NPE). Data were extracted from NPE case records from a 10-year period (2009–2019) for 356 individuals who attempted (n = 78) or died by (n = 278) suicide. The two groups differed significantly in the types of medical errors identified by experts. Inadequate suicide risk assessment tended to be proportionally and significantly more prevalent among SC compared to SA. There was a weak but significant trend that SA had received medication only, whereas SC had received both medication and psychotherapy. There were no significant differences with respect to age group, gender, diagnostic category, number of previous suicide attempts, inpatient/outpatient status, or category of responsible clinic. We conclude that suicide attempters and suicide completers differed in terms of identified medical errors. Focusing on the prevention of these and other types of errors could help to reduce the number of suicides of patients in treatment.
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| 7. |
- Nilsson, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Retention and long term accumulation of EOC1 from pulp mill effluents in a Baltic Sea recipient
- 2003
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Ingår i: Water, Air and Soil Pollution. - 0049-6979 .- 1573-2932. ; 143:1-4, s. 225-243
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The total inventory and distribution of Extractable Organic Chlorine (EOCl) has been investigated in an estuary exposed to pulp mill effluents for over 50 yr. The estuarine turnover of suspended particulate matter (SPM) and associated pollutants was studied using a model describing important processes for EOCl accumulation. The recipient has a low retention of SPM due to dominating stratified conditions in the water column. The total inventory of EOCl in the sediment is therefore relatively low as compared with the total discharge. It was found that the vertical distribution of EOCl has a close relationship to the extent of chlorine use at the mill. Discharges of SPM from the pulp production process play a major role in establishing the chronology of the sediment. A modernisation of the mill from 1986 to 1991 considerably reduced the discharges of chlorinated substances. In the near future there will be an accumulation of EOCl in the estuary.
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- Palosuo, Laura, 1976-
(författare)
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Yellow Stars and Trouser Inspections : Jewish Testimonies from Hungary, 1920–1945
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study analyzes narratives of individual Jewish experiences of discrimination and genocidal violence in Hungary during the period of 1920–1945. The aim is to increase our knowledge and understanding of the events through an investigation of survivor testimonies concerning anti-Jewish laws and the Holocaust. The main focus is on how survivors perceived the treatment to which they and their fellow Jews were exposed, and how they responded to the persecution they faced. Perceptions and responses are analyzed through multiple factors such as gender, age, social class, and geographical place.The period under investigation stretches from 1920, when the law of Numerus Clausus (a quota system influencing admission to universities) was introduced, until the end of the Second World War in early 1945. Focus is placed on the war years, especially on 1944, the year of German occupation and the fascist Arrow Cross rule. Experiences from the labour service system, the Jewish houses in Budapest, and the ghettos, as well as of hiding and resistance, are some of the recurring themes which are examined here. Extensive interviews, along with eyewitness reports and memoirs, form the empirical basis of the study.The results demonstrate the complexity of individual experiences during times of upheaval, and the importance of the above factors is evident within the testimonies. The survivors’ experiences greatly depended on gender, age, social class, geographical place, civil status, religious orientation, as well as “race”. However, the importance of the different factors changed over time. For instance, in the beginning of this period, discrimination had a direct impact on adult males, while children, women, and the elderly were indirectly affected. Furthermore, persons belonging to the upper classes could circumvent the anti-Jewish laws in various ways. Ultimately, differences in treatment decreased, according to the testimonies. Women, children, and the elderly also became victims, as did individuals from all social classes.
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| 9. |
- Stenbacka, M., et al.
(författare)
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Early predictors of injury mortality among Swedish conscripts : A 35-year cohort study
- 2011
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Ingår i: Accident Analysis and Prevention. - Oxford, UK : Elsevier BV. - 0001-4575 .- 1879-2057. ; 43:1, s. 228-234
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Injuries represent an important cause of mortality among young adults. We studied the associations between adolescents’ family, psychological, behavioural and drug-related risk factors in relation to unintentional injury death. A population-based cohort of 49,411 Swedish conscripts aged 18-20 years was followed for 35 years. The end-point of study was injury death up to 2004. The relationship between two family, four psychological and eight behavioural risk factors and injury death were analysed with Cox proportional hazards analyses and χ2 tests. Among 485 unintentional injury deaths, 40% occurred in subjects aged 25 years or under. The incidence per 1000 person years was 0.29 (95% CI, 0.26-0.31) and the mean age of death was 33 years. Problem drinking at both adolescent and adulthood was more strongly associated with injury death (HR = 5.40) than illicit drug use (HR = 2.70) even after adjusted for behavioural risk factors: (HR = 3.43) and (HR = 1.75), respectively. Adolescent risk factors such as contact with police and juvenile authorities, low emotional control, conduct problems at school and low social maturity were significant predictors of injury death in multivariate analyses. Young adults with social, behavioural and psychological problems and especially alcohol and drug use at both adolescent and adulthood have a high mortality rate due to road traffic injuries and all kind of injuries. Early identification of vulnerable groups of adolescents with psychological and behavioural problems including alcohol and drug use at local levels could make a difference. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
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| 10. |
- Thirus, J., et al.
(författare)
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Relational frame theory, mathematical and logical skills : A multiple exemplar training intervention to enhance intellectual performance
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Psychology & Psychological Therapy / Revista Internacional de Psicologia y Terapia Psicologica. - 1577-7057 .- 2340-2857. ; 16:2, s. 141-155
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current study investigated the effects of Relational Frame Theory (RFT) based training on mathematical and logical skills. A sample of 21 Swedish high school students attending first grade and second grade were assigned to either training (n= 10) or no-training conditions (n=11). Measures of performance on mathematical tests, Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM), and relational responding tasks were taken prior to and after training. For 8-10 weeks, the experimental group trained using SMART, an online multiple exemplar training program for enhancing relational skills. No significant differences between the groups were found on mathematical performance. A significant increase on SPM performance was observed for the experimental group. The findings are in line with previous research on RFT, suggesting that behaviorally based interventions can enhance intellectual performance. Population characteristics, SMART training procedures, strengths and methodological limitations are discussed. © 2016 AAC.
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