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- Brekke, Hilde Kristin, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Lifestyle changes can be achieved through counseling and follow-up in first-degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Dietetic Association. - 0002-8223. ; 103:7, s. 835-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To describe two lifestyle prevention strategies tested in first-degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes and to present the short-term effects of these strategies on nutrient intake, physical activity pattern, and body weight. DESIGN: In this 16-week controlled intervention trial, subjects were assigned to one of three treatment conditions: diet group (D) (n=25), diet and exercise group (DE) (n=30), or control group (C) (n=22). Subjects/setting Non-diabetic relatives of individuals with diabetes were recruited (n=77; men and women; age 25 to 55 years). INTERVENTION: Intervention groups received group counseling on two occasions and follow-up through unannounced telephone interviews every 10 days. Counseling regarding diet and physical activity was based on the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations. In addition, increased intake of fatty fish and low glycemic index foods were recommended. Main outcome measures Changes in diet (assessed by food frequency questionnaires), leisure time physical activity (assessed through interviews), fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membrane, and body weight. Statistical analysis One-way analysis of variance and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare changes among groups. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, both intervention groups decreased intake of saturated fatty acids (percent of energy), increased intake of dietary fiber, and reduced average glycemic index of the diet. The ratio of n-6:n-3 fatty acids of the erythrocyte membranes decreased, confirming increased intake of fatty fish. Body weight decreased 1.7 kg (2.1%, P=.030) in group DE, and physical activity increased in the least-active subjects (+70 min/week, P<.01 within group). Applications/Conclusions Healthy individuals with heredity for type 2 diabetes can achieve desired changes in lifestyle factors associated with increased risk for the disease.
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| 2. |
- Brekke, Hilde Kristin, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Lifestyle modification improves risk factors in type 2 diabetes relatives.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Diabetes research and clinical practice. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-8227. ; 68:1, s. 18-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: To investigate the short-term (16 weeks) effect of lifestyle intervention on insulin sensitivity, anthropometric and metabolic variables in non-diabetic first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients (FDR). METHODS: Seventy-seven (49 male, 28 female) FDR were allocated to one of three groups, diet (D-group; n = 25), diet and exercise (DE-group; n = 30) or control group (C-group; n = 22). Lifestyle counselling was based on current nutrition recommendations, including increased intake of fatty fish and low glycaemic index foods. Group counselling was given on two occasions with follow-up through telephone interviews every 10 days. Assessments included insulin sensitivity index (Si), anthropometry, lipid parameters, circulating leptin and adiponectin levels. RESULTS: The D-group reduced total cholesterol (-0.31 mmol/l, P = 0.024), LDL cholesterol (-0.22 mmol/l, P = 0.021) and apolipoprotein B (-9.5 mg/dl, P = 0.009) levels, whereas the DE-group decreased body weight (-2.1%, P = 0.030) and waist circumference (-3.0 cm, P < 0.001) versus controls. A 13% reduction in fasting insulin was observed in the DE-group, but no significant improvement in Si in D-group or DE-group was observed. A subgroup, adherent to diet and who increased exercise, significantly improved Si and lipid profile. CONCLUSIONS: The improved metabolic risk profile in FDR suggests that lifestyle changes can be effective in individuals at high risk to develop type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
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| 3. |
- Brekke, Hilde Kristin, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term (1- and 2-year) effects of lifestyle intervention in type 2 diabetes relatives.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Diabetes research and clinical practice. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-8227. ; 70:3, s. 225-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: To study the long-term (1- and 2-year) effect of a lifestyle intervention on non-diabetic first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients, i.e., the 1-year effect of diet versus diet and exercise in relation to a control group and the 2-year sustainability of these treatment effects. METHOD: Seventy-seven healthy first-degree relatives (men and women) between the ages of 25 and 55 were allocated to one of three groups: diet group (D), diet and exercise group (DE) and control group (C). For ethical reasons, after 1 year the control group began the intervention and were followed for another 2 years. Diet and physical activity counselling was based on current nutrition recommendations, including increased intake of fatty fish and low glycaemic index foods. The fatty acid composition of the erythrocyte membrane was studied as an objective measure of dietary change. Assessments included fasting insulin, 2-h insulin, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), anthropometry and blood lipid measurements. Groups D and DE received intensive follow-up through unannounced telephone interviews during the first 4 months. RESULTS: Dietary changes were significant at 1 year, and to a large degree sustained at 2 years. Adherence to advice regarding fat quality was confirmed through changes in the fatty acid composition of the erythrocyte membrane. The least active subjects in DE increased their physical activity (PA). At 1 year, group D showed a reduction in the ratio of LDL to HDL cholesterol (p=0.028) while group DE decreased their body weight by 2.7% (p<0.029) and increased HDL (p<0.037) versus controls. At 2 years, cholesterol levels (total, LDL and the ratio LDL/HDL) were reduced within group D and when compared to DE (p=0.022, 0.009, 0.035, respectively). Fasting insulin was reduced within group DE and when compared to group D (p=0.025). CONCLUSIONS: Positive changes in lifestyle, blood lipids and fasting insulin can be achieved and maintained in a non-diabetic population at risk of type 2 diabetes after 2 years.
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