| 1. |
- Rech, S, et al.
(author)
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Cold-spray deposition of Ti2AlC coatings
- 2013
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In: Vacuum. - : Elsevier. - 0042-207X .- 1879-2715. ; 94, s. 69-73
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ti2AlC coatings have been fabricated by cold-spray deposition. The microstructure evolution as a function of basic spray parameters temperature and pressure onto AA6060 aluminium alloy and 1.0037 steel substrates has been studied. Adherent and dense 50–80 μm thick Ti2AlC coatings were deposited on soft AA6060 substrates under gas temperature and pressure of 600 °C and 3.4 MPa, respectively, whilst comparable results were obtained on harder 1.0037 steel by using higher temperature (800 °C) and pressure (3.9 MPa).
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| 3. |
- Davis, Jenny, et al.
(author)
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Time-dependent material flow analysis of iron and steel in the UK. : Part 2. Scrap generation and recycling
- 2007
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In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 51:1, s. 118-140
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents an analysis of the use of iron and steel in the UK and explores how much of the iron and steel is recycled when it becomes obsolete after use. The first part of this paper series investigated production and consumption trends of iron and steel in the UK, whereas this paper focuses on scrap generation and recycling. Information on the amounts of iron and steel going into different groups of goods, together with values for their estimated lifetimes, have enabled modelling of the annual release of iron and steel from the use phase in the form of end-of-life scrap. This is an application to material flow accounting of the theory of residence time distributions used routinely in chemical reaction engineering. By comparing modelled generation of scrap with actual scrap consumption in the UK, we obtain estimates of loss or accumulation of iron and steel scrap in the UK. The model indicates that as much as 30% of the scrap that was potentially available in 2001 as end-of-life scrap has either been accumulated within the economic system or lost to landfill. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Geyer, R., et al.
(author)
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Time-dependent material fl{ligature}ow analysis of iron and steel in the UK. : Part 1: Production and consumption trends 1970-2000
- 2007
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In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 51:1, s. 101-117
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents a detailed account of the supply chain for iron and steel in the UK, using material fl{ligature}ow analysis. Due to the lack of a universally agreed methodology of material fl{ligature}ow analysis, we include an explanation of the accounting methodology employed in the study. Data for the supply chain has been collected reaching back three decades, enabling analysis of trends in production and consumption of iron and steel over the years. This fi{ligature}rst part of a series of two papers quantifi{ligature}es the iron and steel fl{ligature}ows through the UK economy including the annual amount of iron and steel embodied in all fi{ligature}nal goods that enter the use phase in the UK. The second part explores the more elusive fl{ligature}ows of scrap generation and recycling. In this fi{ligature}rst paper we show that the UK no longer has the capacity to recycle the scrap it collects and is increasingly relying on foreign economies to do so. We also observe that trade in iron and steel products and ferrous metal containing fi{ligature}nal goods has increased dramatically over the years, but remained relatively balanced. Today, one-half of UK's iron and steel production is exported, whereas one-half of the iron and steel entering the UK use phase comes from imported fi{ligature}nal goods. The efficiency with which the UK iron and steel industry transforms iron ore and scrap into iron and steel products has increased substantially. However, there is no significant downward trend in the absolute level of iron and steel use in the UK. Between 1970 and 1981 the annual amount of steel put to use dropped from 16.4 to 10.7 million metric tonnes but climbed back up to 15 million metric tonnes twice since then. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Giordanetto, Fabrizio, et al.
(author)
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Design of Selective sPLA2-X Inhibitor (-)-2-{2-[Carbamoyl-6-(trifluoromethoxy)-1 H-indol-1-yl]pyridine-2-yl}propanoic Acid
- 2018
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In: ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters. - : American Chemical Society. - 1948-5875 .- 1948-5875. ; 9:7, s. 600-605
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A lead generation campaign identified indole-based sPLA2-X inhibitors with a promising selectivity profile against other sPLA2 isoforms. Further optimization of sPLA2 selectivity and metabolic stability resulted in the design of (-)-17, a novel, potent, and selective sPLA2-X inhibitor with an exquisite pharmacokinetic profile characterized by high absorption and low clearance, and low toxicological risk. Compound (-)-17 was tested in an ApoE-/- murine model of atherosclerosis to evaluate the effect of reversible, pharmacological sPLA2-X inhibition on atherosclerosis development. Despite being well tolerated and achieving adequate systemic exposure of mechanistic relevance, (-)-17 did not significantly affect circulating lipid and lipoprotein biomarkers and had no effect on coronary function or histological markers of atherosclerosis.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Lorén, Niklas, 1970, et al.
(author)
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Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching in material and life sciences: Putting theory into practice
- 2015
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In: Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics. - 1469-8994 .- 0033-5835. ; 48:3, s. 323-387
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Copyright © 2015 Cambridge University Press.Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) is a versatile tool for determining diffusion and interaction/binding properties in biological and material sciences. An understanding of the mechanisms controlling the diffusion requires a deep understanding of structure-interaction-diffusion relationships. In cell biology, for instance, this applies to the movement of proteins and lipids in the plasma membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus. In industrial applications related to pharmaceutics, foods, textiles, hygiene products and cosmetics, the diffusion of solutes and solvent molecules contributes strongly to the properties and functionality of the final product. All these systems are heterogeneous, and accurate quantification of the mass transport processes at the local level is therefore essential to the understanding of the properties of soft (bio)materials. FRAP is a commonly used fluorescence microscopy-based technique to determine local molecular transport at the micrometer scale. A brief high-intensity laser pulse is locally applied to the sample, causing substantial photobleaching of the fluorescent molecules within the illuminated area. This causes a local concentration gradient of fluorescent molecules, leading to diffusional influx of intact fluorophores from the local surroundings into the bleached area. Quantitative information on the molecular transport can be extracted from the time evolution of the fluorescence recovery in the bleached area using a suitable model. A multitude of FRAP models has been developed over the years, each based on specific assumptions. This makes it challenging for the non-specialist to decide which model is best suited for a particular application. Furthermore, there are many subtleties in performing accurate FRAP experiments. For these reasons, this review aims to provide an extensive tutorial covering the essential theoretical and practical aspects so as to enable accurate quantitative FRAP experiments for molecular transport measurements in soft (bio)materials.
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| 9. |
- Nielsen, Maria, et al.
(author)
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Nanomaterials in the European chemicals legislation-methodological challenges for registration and environmental safety assessment
- 2021
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In: Environmental Science: Nano. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2051-8153 .- 2051-8161. ; 8:3, s. 731-747
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the European Union the Annexes of its chemical legislation (REACH) were revised and now clarify the technical data requirements for nanomaterials (NMs). These new provisions, effective from January 1, 2020, introduce requirements for manufacturers, importers and downstream users regarding registration and safety assessment of NMs. This study aims to assess the availability and suitability of methods needed to comply with the new regulatory provisions on NMs for physico-chemical characterisation and environmental fate and effects. The scientific literature and relevant test guideline frameworks were reviewed to identify applicable methods. These were subsequently evaluated and categorised as either: 'internationally accepted test guideline or standard (TGS)', 'internationally accepted test guideline or standard under development (TGSUD)', 'established as standard methods in scientific literature (SCI)', 'other methods and/or more research needed (O)' or 'no method (N)'. We find that 80% of the information requirements and a bit more than 40% of the waiving criteria in the new REACH Annexes are supported by methods that are available as TGS, TGSUD or SCI. Most of the relevant methods in the scientific literature are included in recent OECD guidance documents or ECHA guidance. We recommend that a targeted effort is made to develop protocols and guidelines for methods to determine NM adsorption/desorption, degradation, exposure scenarios and ability to cross biological membranes. Here methods to fulfil the information requirements and waiving criteria are currently lacking. Furthermore, we recommend that increasing attention is directed towards regulatory reliability and relevance of the information that is submitted by the registrants.
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