| 1. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Zhou, Bin, et al.
(författare)
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Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: A pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4.4 million participants
- 2016
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 387:10027, s. 1513-1530
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: One of the global targets for non-communicable diseases is to halt, by 2025, the rise in the age standardised adult prevalence of diabetes at its 2010 levels. We aimed to estimate worldwide trends in diabetes, how likely it is for countries to achieve the global target, and how changes in prevalence, together with population growth and ageing, are aff ecting the number of adults with diabetes.Methods: We pooled data from population-based studies that had collected data on diabetes through measurement of its biomarkers. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in diabetes prevalence-defined as fasting plasma glucose of 7.0 mmol/L or higher, or history of diagnosis with diabetes, or use of insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs-in 200 countries and territories in 21 regions, by sex and from 1980 to 2014. We also calculated the posterior probability of meeting the global diabetes target if post-2000 trends continue.Findings: We used data from 751 studies including 4372000 adults from 146 of the 200 countries we make estimates for. Global age-standardised diabetes prevalence increased from 4.3% (95% credible interval 2.4-17.0) in 1980 to 9.0% (7.2-11.1) in 2014 in men, and from 5.0% (2.9-7.9) to 7.9% (6.4-9.7) in women. The number of adults with diabetes in the world increased from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014 (28.5% due to the rise in prevalence, 39.7% due to population growth and ageing, and 31.8% due to interaction of these two factors). Age-standardised adult diabetes prevalence in 2014 was lowest in northwestern Europe, and highest in Polynesia and Micronesia, at nearly 25%, followed by Melanesia and the Middle East and north Africa. Between 1980 and 2014 there was little change in age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adult women in continental western Europe, although crude prevalence rose because of ageing of the population. By contrast, age-standardised adult prevalence rose by 15 percentage points in men and women in Polynesia and Micronesia. In 2014, American Samoa had the highest national prevalence of diabetes (>30% in both sexes), with age-standardised adult prevalence also higher than 25% in some other islands in Polynesia and Micronesia. If post-2000 trends continue, the probability of meeting the global target of halting the rise in the prevalence of diabetes by 2025 at the 2010 level worldwide is lower than 1% for men and is 1% for women. Only nine countries for men and 29 countries for women, mostly in western Europe, have a 50% or higher probability of meeting the global target.Interpretation: Since 1980, age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adults has increased, or at best remained unchanged, in every country. Together with population growth and ageing, this rise has led to a near quadrupling of the number of adults with diabetes worldwide. The burden of diabetes, both in terms of prevalence and number of adults aff ected, has increased faster in low-income and middle-income countries than in high-income countries.
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| 4. |
- Haidong, Shao, et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced deep gated recurrent unit and complex wavelet packet energy moment entropy for early fault prognosis of bearing
- 2020
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Ingår i: Knowledge-Based Systems. - : Elsevier. - 0950-7051 .- 1872-7409. ; 188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Early fault prognosis of bearing is a very meaningful yet challenging task to improve the security of rotating machinery. For this purpose, a novel method based on enhanced deep gated recurrent unit and complex wavelet packet energy moment entropy is proposed in this paper. First, complex wavelet packet energy moment entropy is defined as a new monitoring index to characterize bearing performance degradation. Second, deep gated recurrent unit network is constructed to capture the nonlinear mapping relationship hidden in the defined monitoring index. Finally, a modified training algorithm based on learning rate decay strategy is developed to enhance the prognosis capability of the constructed deep model. The proposed method is applied to analyze the simulated and experimental signals of bearing. The results demonstrate that the proposed method is more superior in sensibility and accuracy to the existing methods.
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| 5. |
- Han, Fenglan, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental performance of fluorite used to catalyze MgO reduction in pidgeon process
- 2012
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Ingår i: Advanced Materials Research. - 1022-6680 .- 1662-8985. ; 577, s. 31-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental performances of fluorite used as catalyzer for chemical reaction between MgO and Si were investigated by performing pilot scale experiments of Mg production. F amounts of 0.012-0.116 kg were added in the charged briquettes and Mg slag generated from the chemical reaction in most of the tests weighted 4.26-4.96 kg with F contents ranging 0.21-2.52%. Based on high recoveries of F, 83-100%, in the slag after the reaction, it is estimated that there are little or no F compounds leaving the retorts during the pilot tests. However, high amount of F, 72.9 mg/kg, was leached out from an Mg slag sample obtained from an Mg plant, making it necessary to decrease amount of fluorite used as catalyzer for the reaction or to improve operation conditions, thus, enhancing rate for chemical reaction between MgO and Si in Pidgeon process
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| 6. |
- Jiang, L., et al.
(författare)
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Experimental investigation on BOF slag oxidation in air
- 2019
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Ingår i: Ironmaking & steelmaking. - : Taylor and Francis Ltd.. - 0301-9233 .- 1743-2812. ; 46:8, s. 747-754
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag contains a significant amount of iron-containing species, which is considered to be iron resources and therefore need to be recovered. In this work, the oxidation behaviour of BOF slag under air (at selected oxidation temperatures and holding time) was investigated to explore the potential of transforming non-magnetic wustite in the BOF slag into magnetic spinel, which may subsequently be recovered by magnetic separation. The experimental results show that the iron-containing spices in the BOF slag can be oxidised into magnetic spinel phases in the investigated temperature range of 1000–1150°C and thereafter be recovered by magnetic separation. The formation of these phases is closely related to the oxidation temperatures and holding time: a higher oxidation temperature and longer holding time lead to a larger amount of formed magnetic species; however, the amount of formed magnetic species decreases at elevated temperature (>1050°C) and with extended holding time (>40 min).
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| 7. |
- Jiang, Shangsong, et al.
(författare)
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Cutting Force and Surface Roughness during Straight-Tooth Milling of Walnut Wood
- 2022
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Ingår i: Forests. - : MDPI. - 1999-4907. ; 13:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is widely used in wood furnishings, and machinability is a key factor for improving product quality and enterprise benefits. This work focused on the influence of the rake angle, depth of cut, and cutting speed on the cutting force and machined surface roughness during the straight-tooth milling of walnut. On the basis of the experimental findings, a mathematical model was created using a response surface methodology to determine the relationship between the cutting force and the cutting conditions, as well as the relationship between the surface roughness and the cutting conditions. Variance analysis was used to study the significant contributions of the interactions of various factors and two-level interactions to the cutting force and surface roughness. The optimized combination of milling conditions, resulting in lowest cutting force and surface roughness, was determined to be a rake angle of 5°, a depth of cut of 0.6 mm, and a cutting speed of 45 m/s.
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| 8. |
- Li, Jing, et al.
(författare)
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Cobalt–Salen-Based Porous Ionic Polymer: The Role of Valence on Cooperative Conversion of CO2 to Cyclic Carbonate
- 2020
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Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 12:1, s. 609-618
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cobalt-salen-based porous ionic polymers, which are composed of cobalt and halogen anions decorated on the framework, effectively catalyze the CO2 cycloaddition reaction of epoxides to cyclic carbonates under ambient conditions. The cooperative effect of bifunctional active sites of cobalt as the Lewis acidic site and the halogen anion as the nucleophile responds to the high catalytic performance. Moreover, density functional theory results indicate that the cobalt valence state and the corresponding coordination group influence the rate-determining step of the CO2 cycloaddition reaction and the nucleophilicity of halogen anions.
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| 9. |
- Li, Jing, et al.
(författare)
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Porous Metallosalen Hypercrosslinked Ionic Polymers for Cooperative CO2 Cycloaddition Conversion
- 2020
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Ingår i: Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0888-5885 .- 1520-5045. ; 59:2, s. 676-684
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metallosalen-based porous ionic polymers have the potential to combine the merits of homogeneous organometallics and heterogeneous porous ionic catalysts in carbon dioxide (CO2) cycloaddition conversion. Herein, a series of porous metallosalen hypercrosslinked ionic polymers (M-HIPs) were synthesized through a simple method. The M-HIPs with high metal and Br anion concentrations were evaluated by catalyzing CO2 cycloaddition with epoxides. Because of the cooperative effect between Br anions and metal active species in the porous channel, M-HIPs exhibited a high CO2 catalytic performance even under ambient conditions. Among the M-HIPs (M = Co, Al, Zn), Co-HIP showed the best catalytic performance for various epoxides and was stable after five runs. Density functional theory calculations support the fact that Co-HIP had the lowest energy barrier, which agreed with the experimental results.
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| 10. |
- Tong, Xin, et al.
(författare)
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Boosting the performance of eco-friendly quantum dots-based photoelectrochemical cells via effective surface passivation
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : Elsevier. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells fabricated using environment-friendly colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are promising optoelectronic devices for future practical solar-to-hydrogen conversion. However, the majority of current eco-friendly QDs-based PEC cells exhibited low efficiency mainly due to the charge trapping at QDs’ surface states and interfacial recombination processes in devices. Here, eco-friendly AgInS2 (AIS) QDs-based PEC cells passivated with variable ZnS layers were fabricated and the effects of ZnS surface passivation on corresponding device performance were investigated. It is demonstrated that optimizing the thickness of the ZnS passivation layers can largely suppress the charge trapping/recombination and enhance the electron injection efficiency in the PEC devices, leading to a saturated photocurrent density of ∼5.7 mA/cm2 under standard AM 1.5 G solar illumination. Increasing the thickness of ZnS passivation layers can further inhibit the photocorrosion and give rise to higher device stability. These results indicate that ZnS surface passivation is a facile and efficient technique to boost the performance of eco-friendly QDs-based PEC cells.
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