| 1. |
- Reusch, T. B. H., et al.
(författare)
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The Baltic Sea as a time machine for the future coastal ocean
- 2018
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Ingår i: Science Advances. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 2375-2548. ; 4:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coastal global oceans are expected to undergo drastic changes driven by climate change and increasing anthropogenic pressures in coming decades. Predicting specific future conditions and assessing the best management strategies to maintain ecosystem integrity and sustainable resource use are difficult, because of multiple interacting pressures, uncertain projections, and a lack of test cases for management. We argue that the Baltic Sea can serve as a time machine to study consequences and mitigation of future coastal perturbations, due to its unique combination of an early history of multistressor disturbance and ecosystem deterioration and early implementation of cross-border environmental management to address these problems. The Baltic Sea also stands out in providing a strong scientific foundation and accessibility to long-term data series that provide a unique opportunity to assess the efficacy of management actions to address the breakdown of ecosystem functions. Trend reversals such as the return of top predators, recovering fish stocks, and reduced input of nutrient and harmful substances could be achieved only by implementing an international, cooperative governance structure transcending its complex multistate policy setting, with integrated management of watershed and sea. The Baltic Sea also demonstrates how rapidly progressing global pressures, particularly warming of Baltic waters and the surrounding catchment area, can offset the efficacy of current management approaches. This situation calls for management that is (i) conservative to provide a buffer against regionally unmanageable global perturbations, (ii) adaptive to react to new management challenges, and, ultimately, (iii) multisectorial and integrative to address conflicts associated with economic trade-offs.
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| 2. |
- Persson, Jan-Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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A new Swedish textbook on Product Development and Design
- 2006
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Ingår i: Proceedings of NordDesign 2006. - Reykjavík : Faculty of Engineering, University of Iceland. - 997994949X ; , s. 317-332, s. 317-332
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Several textbooks on systematic product development and design methodology have been published during the nineties. This literature, in English, is to a large extent based on recent international design research. However, these textbooks are primarily of more abstract character, treating only the product development process and design methodology. In Scandinavia, there has been a lack of a modern textbook on Product Development and Design in a Scandinavian language, particularly for the shorter educational programs (bachelor level) in Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Design. Besides the product development process and design support methods, also industrial design and engineering design should be treated; materials selection and dimensioning, production methods, quality, robust design and tolerances, design of experiments, computer modelling and simulation, optimisation, visualisation and communication, creativity support, cost calculations, project planning/handling, intellectual property and patents. A new modern textbook in Swedish covering most topics related to product development and product realisation as listed above, written by the authors of this paper, was introduced in Sweden in 2005. This book was originally intended as a basic text for educational programs in Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design Engineering on bachelor level, but it is now also used for educational programs on master level (civilingenjör). The focus has been on synthesis, but some chapters also cover analysis e.g. by means of computer modelling and simulation for concept evaluation. The intention has been to give a broad overview of the various topics in Engineering Design and Industrial Design. A comprehensive chapter on Design theory and methodology, based on recent design research in Sweden (in particular at Chalmers University of Technology) and in the Nordic countries has also been included. This chapter, covering fundamental issues like functional decomposition, function means tree, coupling analysis by DSM-matrices, requirements handling etc. will be of specific interest for master programs in Engineering design. So far, this book has been well accepted in Sweden. 769 books have been delivered, by April 2006. This paper presents a brief overview of the contents, as well as some feedback from its use in different types of engineering programs in Sweden.
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| 3. |
- Wennerström, Lovisa, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic biodiversity in the Baltic Sea: Species-specific patterns challenge management
- 2013
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Ingår i: Biodiversity and Conservation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0960-3115 .- 1572-9710. ; 22:13-14, s. 3045-3065
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Information on spatial and temporal patterns of genetic diversity is a prerequisite to understanding the demography of populations, and is fundamental to successful management and conservation of species. In the sea, it has been observed that oceanographic and other physical forces can constitute barriers to gene flow that may result in similar population genetic structures in different species. Such similarities among species would greatly simplify management of genetic biodiversity. Here, we tested for shared genetic patterns in a complex marine area, the Baltic Sea. We assessed spatial patterns of intraspecific genetic diversity and differentiation in seven ecologically important species of the Baltic ecosystem-Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus), northern pike (Esox lucius), European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus), three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), nine-spined stickleback (Pungitius pungitius), blue mussel (Mytilus spp.), and bladderwrack (Fucus vesiculosus). We used nuclear genetic data of putatively neutral microsatellite and SNP loci from samples collected from seven regions throughout the Baltic Sea, and reference samples from North Atlantic areas. Overall, patterns of genetic diversity and differentiation among sampling regions were unique for each species, although all six species with Atlantic samples indicated strong resistence to Atlantic-Baltic gene-flow. Major genetic barriers were not shared among species within the Baltic Sea; most species show genetic heterogeneity, but significant isolation by distance was only detected in pike and whitefish. These species-specific patterns of genetic structure preclude generalizations and emphasize the need to undertake genetic surveys for species separately, and to design management plans taking into consideration the specific structures of each species. © 2013 The Author(s).
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