| 1. |
- Fuentes, Ana, et al.
(författare)
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Gender and Programming : A Case Study
- 2005
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Ingår i: Proceedings 2005. - Lund, Sweden.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Our study highlights the effects of gender-related learning styles on a computer programming course at introductory level of engineering education. It was triggered by the observation of statistically relevant under-achievements among female students over the years. We try to identify concrete differences in motivation/learning styles between genders and prove that lack of previous relevant computer experience is not the only factor to blame. The paper analyzes the situation at a LTH course from the point of view of the conflicts outlined in the literature. Data from “before-starting” questionnaires and follow ups for subsequent evaluations expose significant gender differences. Analysis of the course materials and interviews with students reveals problems of constructive alignment and discouragements to the motivation of novice programmers. We investigated several pedagogical methods to adapt teaching and evaluation in order to increase all students’ competence and at the same time reduce the gap between genders. Our key recommendation is to make the separation between the teaching of algorithms and the teaching of the specific language syntax clearer. It is our belief that good teaching of engineering subjects will enhance learning for all students
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| 2. |
- Hattinger, Monika, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Collaboration for lifelong-learning and contract education : towards a competence development model
- 2020
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Ingår i: VILÄR. - Trollhättan : Högskolan Väst. - 9789188847867 ; , s. 26-28
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Competence development and continuous lifelong learning are increasing due to skill transformations in the surrounding world which have an impact on workplaces. Upskilling, down-skilling, re-skilling, and the need of totally new skills are intensified that changes the conditions for a sustainable work practice. Old academic degrees need to be updated and for those lacking one, employees are required to build up academic credits. A constant knowledge and skills development of employees are therefore vital for the changed work conditions, meaning for both the organization and for the individual lifelong learning. In such situation, the university can play asignificant role for educating and supporting the working life with higher education in forms that are adjusted to organizational competence needs. With contract education - CE, the Swedish universities can educate staff for competence development on all educational levels, even those without an earlier academic degree. However, only organizations (including private companies and public authorities) can commission a service from a higher education institution. Individuals are not allowed to buy a course place, which is regulated through the jurisdiction of Uppdragsförordningen 2002:760. Despite the many possibilities with CE to collaborate with the surrounding society, it put pressures on the university toorganize, support and create new routines for the teaching and administrativepersonnel for the contract educational process of customer dialogue, needs inventory, course design, implementation, and follow-up on initiatives.Given such background, a collaborative development project between six universities in Sweden was conducted between November 2017 until January 2021. Overall aim was to increase the knowledge of CE by developing a collaborative model forcompetence development. The project was designed to enhance the knowledge informs of models, methods, and documentation in three development areas for CE; 1) organization and work processes, 2) customer dialogue, needs inventory and course design, and 3) incentives and collaboration skills. Both the conditions of the university’s internal abilities, restrictions, and structures (i.e., area 1) as well as the incentives and capabilities for external organizations (customers) involved in the activities (i.e., area 2), have been in focus. Area 3 concerned the teacher’s abilities to grant collaborative qualifications by teaching and engaging with external partners.In an initial case study of area 1 and 2, and we asked: What are the university conditions for organizing contract education, and how is the educational process directing and supporting the working life knowledge requirement?The second study focused on area 3 and we asked: How does the university grant collaboration skills and qualifications for teachers and leaders involved in contract education?Study one summarized eight universities responses showing that four universities have a centralized organization for running CE of which two universities have a university enterprise for CE. The other four universities are decentralized organized. It is not clear which organization is most beneficial. However, it seems that central functions are essential for a long-term external collaboration with key customers. The variation of administrative support is large, and there are also many universities lacking a full-fledge support organization for developing sustainable internal routines as well as external collaborations. When it comes to the educational process of routines for CE, most universities in the study show a very similar process, concerning the steps of curricula development, contract development, calculation, and student admission etc. However, there are various efficiency between the universities built on volume and experience of CE, which effect the time from initialization to evaluation of a CE course. The second and small document and interview study (six interviews) was targeting the teacher’s incitement, skills, and their ability to grant contract education work as accreditation in their professional academic career. This study shows that universities generally lack support for skills acquisition regarding “collaboration” skills both for professional development and further qualification. It also shows that the six included universities in the project, have diverse documentation and work practices for collaboration skills accreditation. However, this study and the project itself have pushed, the included universities to start up evaluation of their documents and routines around accreditation.A summary report for the whole project including a competence development model and methods and as well as findings from the two studies, raises the overarching need to develop the external collaboration university – working life, as well as knowledge about the university conditions for planning, developing, and running contract education as one successful competence model for lifelong learning. Contract education is therefore argued to support work-integrated and lifelong learning through collaborative forms between university and the working life.
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| 3. |
- Holmberg, Jonas, 1976-
(författare)
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High volumetric machining strategies for superalloy gasturbine components : Comparing conventional and nonconventional machining methods for efficient manufacturing
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is a strong industrial driving force to find alternative manufacturing technologies in order to make the production of aero engine components of superalloys even more efficient than it is today. Introducing new and nonconventional machining technologies, as well as enhanced utilisation of today's high volumetric manufacturing, allows taking a leap to increase the material removal rate and the productivity. However, the final goal is to meet there quirements set for today's machined surfaces.The objective with the present work has been performed to show how the conventional, Milling, and the non-conventional machining methods, Abrasive Water Jet Machining, AWJM, Laser Beam Machining, LBM, and Electrical Discharge Machining, EDM, affect the surface integrity. This knowledge can beused to define and optimise different manufacturing alternatives for existing orfuture production.The results show that it is possible to use the rough milling to a greater extent if the impact on residuals stresses and deformation is used when determine the machining allowance. This could have a great impact on the productivity. However, further improvement of the productivity requires an alternative method. For this reason, EDM and AWJM was evaluated and shown to be suitable alternatives to today's manufacturing methods, but both methods require post processing. The results showed that a combination of two post processes is required for addressing issues with residue, topography and residual stresses.The most promising and effective manufacturing strategy would be EDM or AWJM for rough machining followed by post processing either by finish millingor post processing by means of High-Pressure Water Jet Cleaning and shot peening. If EDM and AWJM are to be considered as finish machining operations, further development of the two methods are required.
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| 4. |
- Johansson, Anders, 1980-
(författare)
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Challenging the traditional manufacturing objectives : Designing manufacturing systems for both product manufacturing and value production
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Utformandet av nya tillverkningssystem och fabriker är ett komplext arbete med många intressenter. I grund och botten är det en värdekedja som är i fokus, dvs tillverkningen av en lönsam produkt. Denna värdekedja styr utvecklingsprojekten och kraven som ställs på tillverkningssystemet kretsar runt kostnad, produktkvalitet och önskad tillverkningsvolym. Dessa krav fokuserar på den betalande kunden, vilket kan vara företagets viktigaste intressent. Utöver den betalande kunden finns det dock många andra intressenter som inte beaktas i någon större utsträckning vid kravställandet av nya tillverkningssystem. Enskilda goda exempel går att finna där exempelvis storskalig tillverkning av en produkt till lägsta kostnad inte är det primära målet. Fokus ligger i stället på andra värdekedjor som skapar mervärde för nya intressenter till tillverkningssystemet. Denna forskning har i avsikt att utforska vilka intressenter som finns till ett tillverkningssystem, och vilket mervärde som det går att leverera till dessa. Frågor som ställs är vilka externa intressenter som finns, vilka interna intressenter som finns, vilket mervärde kan tillverkningssystemet leverera till dessa och hur kan man beakta dessa i utvecklingsprojekten av nya tillverkningssystem? En mer utforskande samhällsvetenskaplig metod har använts, där inspiration tagits från etnografiska och kvalitativa metoder. De nio åren som doktorandprojektet pågått har en långvarig, djup datainsamling och analys möjliggjorts. Forskningen har resulterat i ett teoretiskt ramverk runt ett mer holistiskt synsätt på tillverkningssystemets värdekedjor. Den betalande kundens värdekedja kvarstår som primär, men kompletterats med nya externa och interna intressenter. Enskilda goda exempel har identifierats i olika industrier som används för att exemplifiera applicerbarheten i praktiken. Forskningen adresserar även utmaningar i att förändra dagens arbetssätt. Den starka kulturen på kundfokus samt beslutsprocesser som är ekonomiskt dominerande, är två aspekter som befäster dagens arbetssätt. Med ett mer strategiskt fokus, inkluderande kravställning samt ledningens öppenhet för en bredare beslutsgrund, skapas förutsättningar att utforma tillverkningssystem som skapar större mervärde för flera.
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| 5. |
- Johansson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Consideration of market demand volatility risks, when making manufacturing system investments
- 2016
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Ingår i: 13th Global Conference on Sustainable Manufacturing - Decoupling Growth from Resource Use. - : Elsevier. ; 40, s. 307-311
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- When investing in new manufacturing systems, many aspects must be taken into consideration to ensure a sustainable business. In respect to the financial aspect, both the one-off investment cost and the continuous operational cost must be analysed to ensure that the life-cycle cost perspective is appreciated. However, one detail in the cost analyses that is often overlooked is the composition of fixed and variable cost elements. These details are important to be able to better manage the risk of market demand volatility, and accordingly make appropriate investment decisions. This case study demonstrates that when there is a low risk for reduced market demand, investing in a manufacturing system with low variable cost is favourable. However, if there is a high risk for reduced market demand, the importance will instead be to have a low fixed cost, as this will be the dominant cost factor. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of International Scientific Committee of the 13th Global Conference on Sustainable Manufacturing
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| 6. |
- Johansson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Manufacturing System Design for Business Value, a Holistic Design Approach
- 2016
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Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - Amsterdam : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. ; 50, s. 659-664, s. 659-664
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When designing and developing manufacturing systems, many aspects need to be considered. Typically, the manufacturing design objectives are specified to achieve certain operational requirements around quality, capacity, cost etc. They are also specified withthe intention to ensure efficient processes related to manufacturing, such as maintenance, logistics, not to mention the main process of manufacturing the actual part. This study proposes that a wider company perspective should be considered during manufacturing system design, to achieve a greater business value. The manufacturing system should be designed to create value to other core business processes, such as product development, marketing, sales and services. This paper also presents examples on value perspectives to consider and how this approach can be implemented.
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| 7. |
- Johansson, Anders
(författare)
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Money talks while volume and value should run the show : An evaluation of financial parameters for decision making duringmanufacturing system acquisition
- 2017
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Market economic values have for the last decades been given an increasing role with the establishment of financial institutes and global organisations with a capitalistic focus as a consequence. As a counter reaction, the concept of sustainable development has emerged complementing the economic focus with environmental and social aspects. However, there are still challenges on how to make balanced decisions based on all three view points and consequently the decision makers still primarily reside to the established tangible financial data. Within the industrial setting there is no difference. The manufacturing system design is based on multiple criteria and requirements, but commonly the final investment decision is primarily based on what can be financially justified. Longterm solutions probably lies in combining the tangible economy with the less tangible soft values that cannot be valued in monetary means. Therefore, to find this sweet spot, the purpose of this research is to in-depth investigate the world of economy, but from an engineers' point of view. A financial analysis is done to understand the economical components and how these are related to the manufacturing system. Furthermore, to connect cost with contributed value of the manufacturing system, a holistic business value chain analysis is done to ensure that less tangible aspects can be understood and utilised. The result of this research, highlights for example that sales volume has a larger impact on the manufacturing profitability, than that of the initial investment cost. Therefore, manufacturing systems should also be evaluated on the bases of how well it can meet the volatility in market demands. Another result presented is a portfolio of new graphical representation used as a support tool for investment decisions. Furthermore, to be able to invest in manufacturing systems that contribute to a more competitive company, the wider business value with manufacturing is discussed.
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| 8. |
- Johansson, Anders, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Process mapping in industry - the self-centred phenomenon and how it effects continuous improvements
- 2020
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Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 2212-8271. ; , s. 718-723
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the manufacturing system development process to deliver the expected value, it is important that the management of the process works. However, the competence of building adequate process models is often missing. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that with some training, it is possible to achieve much better process models. This is studied through a workshop, where the participants map their “breakfast process”. The result shows that without guidance, the process becomes self-centred. A self-centred resource-oriented process model gives focus on time and resource utilisation, while a value objective oriented process model focuses more on process quality.
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| 9. |
- Johansson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Production support model to manage market demand volatility risks
- 2016
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Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. ; 57C, s. 664-668, s. 664-668
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the investment selection process during the design of new manufacturing systems, both the technical attributes and the expected financial performance need to be evaluated. To manage the financial risks with market volatility, it is important to understand the composition of fixed and variable cost factors in relation to the expected volume interval. The support model developed in this paper will in a simple and intuitive way visualise the effect on production cost due to changes in market demands. It can also be used to evaluate the volume sensitivity of existing manufacturing systems, even compare systems making different products.
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| 10. |
- Johansson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainable operations management through development of unit cost performance measurement
- 2020
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Ingår i: Procedia Manufacturing. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 2351-9789. ; 43, s. 344-351
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Key performance indicators (KPI) are used to monitor process performance, and to motivate and give clarity of priorities for employees. Although important, KPI:s may have drawbacks in the way that they represent the real performance. The purpose of this study is to develop the unit cost KPI. The new KPI discount for the volume influence on the KPI. Secondly, control charts tool found in statistical process control (SPC) theory is used to give indication to if the cost variation is within statistical control. The proposed method is validated on real data from 16 different cases in a major manufacturing enterprise. © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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