| 1. |
- Johansson, Tomas, 1970-
(author)
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Samarbete mellan gymnasieskolan och näringslivet : en studie av lokala partnerskap i fyra kommuner
- 2004
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Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The national curriculum and the School Act emphasize the importance of establishing partnerships between schools and local businesses. The formation of partnerships was expected to be facilitated by the decentralization reforms that took place in the beginning of the 1990’s. These reforms gave schools and municipalities greater scope for adjusting education to meet local circumstances. However, central government has not made financial resources available for stimulating the establishment of school-business partnerships, nor does it penalize municipalities that do not set up such partnerships. The questions in focus in this study are: why do partnerships arise, how are they organised and what factors are important in achieving a partnership which can function in practice? Urban regime theory is applied to explain why collaborations occur and policy network theory is used to analyse how they are organised. A further aim of the study is to examine whether the partnerships can be defined as urban regimes. The study was based on case studies of four upper secondary schools in Sweden, each in a different municipality. These municipalities are all industrialized, but the structure of their industrial base varies. Two are dominated by one or a few major companies whereas the others are characterized by the predominance of many small businesses. The study focuses on how three vocational study programmes – industry, electricity and building - collaborate with local businesses. The study shows that the main explanation of why a partnership arises is that both partners believe that they can gain something by collaborating. For schools, the main reason for establishing a partnership with business is a belief that this will make the vocational education programmes more attractive for pupils. Through partnerships, schools can get access not only to practical experience for their pupils, but also help from business with developing the content of courses and some financial contributions. However, the economic benefits are of limited importance compared with the perceived gains in terms of the development of the educational content of the courses. This goes against results from studies in other countries. For business, it is particularly important to be able to influence decisions about the content of local education. By doing so, they hope to ensure that the pupils, after having completed their education, will enter the local labour market with more relevant qualifications. My research shows that several requirements have to be present for a successful partnership to be established. First, there must be a commitment and firm intentions from both partners. Second, size of the businesses involved in the partnerships is important for how they are organized. Larger businesses tend to see the partnership from a more long term perspective. However, it is also possible to organize collaborations with smaller businesses if they can be united under a common organisation. Third, specific actors make a difference in the partnerships. Devoted and interested key actors who are closely associated with the partnership are very important for the continuity of the partnership The study suggests that urban regime theory and policy network theory are useful for understanding why and how partnerships between schools and businesses are established and retained. However, it can not be concluded that these collaborations in themselves are urban regimes at a more local level. This would require that their focus was much more long-term.
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| 2. |
- Ahrén, Dag, et al.
(author)
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Comparison of gene expression in trap cells and vegetative hyphae of the nematophagous fungus Monacrosporium haptotylum
- 2005
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In: Microbiology. - : Microbiology Society. - 1465-2080 .- 1350-0872. ; 151:3, s. 789-803
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Nematode-trapping fungi enter the parasitic stage by developing specific morphological structures called traps. The global patterns of gene expression in traps and mycelium of the fungus Monacrosporium haptotylum were compared. The trap of this fungus is a unicellular spherical structure called the knob, which develops on the apex of a hyphal branch. RNA was isolated from knobs and mycelium and hybridized to a cDNA array containing probes of 2822 EST clones of M. haptotylum. Despite the fact that the knobs and mycelium were grown in the same medium, there were substantial differences in the patterns of genes expressed in the two cell types. In total, 23(.)3% (657 of 2822) of the putative genes were differentially expressed in knobs versus mycelium. Several of these genes displayed sequence similarities to genes known to be involved in regulating morphogenesis and cell polarity in fungi. Among them were several putative homologues for small GTPases, such as rho1, rac1 and ras1, and a rho GDP dissociation inhibitor (rdi1). Several homologues to genes involved in stress response, protein synthesis and protein degradation, transcription, and carbon metabolism were also differentially expressed. In the last category, a glycogen phosphorylase (gph1) gene homologue, one of the most upregulated genes in the knobs as compared to mycelium, was characterized. A number of the genes that were clifferentially expressed in trap cells are also known to be regulated during the development of infection structures in plant-pathogenic fungi. Among them, a gas1 (mas3) gene homologue (designated gks1), which is specifically expressed in appressoria of the rice blast fungus, was characterized.
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| 3. |
- Ahrén, Dag, et al.
(author)
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PHOREST: a web-based tool for comparative analyses of expressed sequence tag data
- 2004
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In: Molecular Ecology Notes. - : Wiley. - 1471-8278 .- 1471-8286. ; 4:2, s. 311-314
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Comparative analysis of expressed sequence tags is becoming an important tool in molecular ecology for comparing gene expression in organisms grown in certain environments. Additionally, expressed sequence tag database information can be used for the construction of DNA microarrays and for the detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms. For such applications, we present PHOREST, a web-based tool for managing, analysing and comparing various collections of expressed sequence tags. It is written in PHP (PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) and runs on UNIX, Microsoft Windows and Macintosh (Mac OS X) platforms.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Urban, et al.
(author)
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Författaridentifikatorer och publiceringsdatabaser – scenarier och utvecklingsmöjligheter : slutrapport
- 2013
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Syftet med projektet är att ge underlag för att införa författaridentifikatorer i svenska tjänster och system inom vetenskaplig kommunikation. ORCID (Open Researcher and Contributor ID) är en internationell de-facto standard under uppbyggnad med många viktiga aktörer involverade. Implementering av ORCID kräver samverkan mellan flera aktörer, både nationellt och på lärosätena.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Urban, 1965, et al.
(author)
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Författaridentifikatorer och publiceringsdatabaser – scenarier och utvecklingsmöjligheter
- 2013
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Syftet med projektet är att ge underlag för att införa författaridentifikatorer i svenska tjänster och system inom vetenskaplig kommunikation. ORCID (Open Researcher and Contributor ID) är en internationell de-facto standard under uppbyggnad med många viktiga aktörer involverade. Implementering av ORCID kräver samverkan mellan flera aktörer, både nationellt och på lärosätena. Projektgruppen lämnar ett antal rekommendationer baserade på de uppgifter som redovisas i rapporten.
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| 7. |
- Bracht Jörgensen, Helene, et al.
(author)
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Selective foraging of fungi by collembolans in soil
- 2005
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In: Biology letters. - : The Royal Society. - 1744-9561 .- 1744-957X. ; 1:2, s. 243-246
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Soils contain highly diverse communities of microorganisms and invertebrates. The trophic interactions between these species are largely unknown. Collembolans form an abundant part of the invertebrate community in soils. A prevailing view is that soil collembolans are generalist feeders on fungi, lichens, fragmented litter and bacteria. However, in laboratory food choice experiments, it has been shown that collembolans preferentially select certain taxa of fungi. To examine this apparent contradiction, we developed a molecular technique based on the analysis of 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences to explore the diversity of fungi in soils and in the guts of collembolans. We report that the diversity of fungi found in the natural soil was 33 times higher than that in the guts of the collembolan Protaphorura armata. The data support the view that collembolan species can be highly selective when foraging on fungi in soils.
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| 8. |
- Canbäck, Björn, et al.
(author)
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The Littorina sequence database (LSD) - an online resource for genomic data.
- 2012
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In: Molecular Ecology Resources. - : Wiley. - 1755-098X .- 1755-0998. ; 12, s. 142-148
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present an interactive, searchable expressed sequence tag database for the periwinkle snail Littorina saxatilis, an upcoming model species in evolutionary biology. The database is the result of a hybrid assembly between Sanger and 454 sequences, 1290 and 147 491 sequences respectively. Normalized and non-normalized cDNA was obtained from different ecotypes of L. saxatilis collected in the UK and Sweden. The Littorina sequence database (LSD) contains 26 537 different contigs, of which 2453 showed similarity with annotated proteins in UniProt. Querying the LSD permits the selection of the taxonomic origin of blast hits for each contig, and the search can be restricted to particular taxonomic groups. The database allows access to UniProt annotations, blast output, protein family domains (PFAM) and Gene Ontology. The database will allow users to search for genetic markers and identifying candidate genes or genes for expression analyses. It is open for additional deposition of sequence information for L. saxatilis and other species of the genus Littorina. The LSD is available at http://mbio-serv2.mbioekol.lu.se/Littorina/.
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| 9. |
- Ellström, Magnus, et al.
(author)
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The carbon starvation response of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Paxillus involutus.
- 2015
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In: FEMS Microbiology Ecology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1574-6941. ; 91:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The amounts of carbon allocated to the fungal partner in ectomycorrhizal associations can vary substantially depending on the plant growth and the soil nutrient conditions, and the fungus may frequently be confronted with limitations in carbon. We used chemical analysis and transcriptome profiling to examine the physiological response of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Paxillus involutus to carbon starvation during axenic cultivation. Carbon starvation induced a decrease in the biomass. Concomitantly, ammonium, cell-wall material (chitin) and proteolytic enzymes were released into the medium, which suggest autolysis. Compared with the transcriptome of actively growing hyphae, about 45% of the transcripts analyzed were differentially regulated during C-starvation. Induced during starvation were transcripts encoding extracellular enzymes such as peptidases, chitinases, and laccases. In parallel, transcripts of N-transporters were upregulated, which suggest that some of the released nitrogen compounds were re-assimilated by the mycelium. The observed changes suggest that the carbon-starvation response in P. involutus is associated with complex cellular changes that involves autolysis, recycling of intracellular compounds by autophagy and reabsorption of the extracellular released material. The study provides molecular markers that can be used to examine the role of autolysis for the turnover and survival of the ectomycorrhizal mycelium in soils.
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| 10. |
- Fekete, Csaba, et al.
(author)
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Paralysis of nematodes: shifts in the transcriptome of the nematode-trapping fungus Monacrosporium haptotylum during infection of Caenorhabditis elegans
- 2008
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In: Environmental Microbiology. - : Wiley. - 1462-2920 .- 1462-2912. ; 10:2, s. 364-375
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The transcriptional response in the parasitic fungus Monacrosporium haptotylum and its nematode host Caenorhabditis elegans were analyzed during infection using cDNA microarrays. The array contained 2,684 fungal and 372 worm gene reporters. Dramatic shifts occurred in the transcriptome of M. haptotylum during the different stages of the infection. An initial transcriptional response was recorded after 1h of infection when the traps adhered to the cuticle, but before immobilization of the captured nematodes. Among the differentially expressed genes were two serine proteases (spr1 and spr2), and several homologues to genes known to be regulated in other pathogenic fungi. After 4 hours, when approximately 40 % of the nematodes were paralyzed, we identified an up-regulated cluster of 372 fungal genes which were not regulated during the other phases of the infection. This cohort contained a large proportion (79%) of genes that appear to be specific for M. haptotylum and closely related species. These genes were of two different classes; those translating into presumably functional peptides and those with no apparent protein coding potential (noncoding RNAs). Among the infection-induced C. elegans genes were those encoding antimicrobial peptides, protease inhibitors and lectins.
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