| 1. |
- Vitos, Levente, et al.
(author)
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Stainless steel alloys from first-principles theory
- 2011
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In: 7th European Stainless Steel Conference. - : Associazione Italiana di Metallurgia. - 9788885298842
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Gaining an accurate description of materials obviously requires the most advanced atomic-scale techniques from both experimental and theoretical areas. In spite of the vast number of available techniques, however, the experimental study of the atomic-scale properties and phenomena even in simple solids is rather difficult. In steels the challenges become more complex due to the interplay between the structural, chemical and magnetic effects. On the other hand, advanced computational methods based on density functional theory ensure a proper platform for studying the fundamental properties of steel materials from first-principles. Our group at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm has an international position in developing and applying computational codes for such applications. Using our ab initio tools, we have presented an insight to the electronic and magnetic structure, and micromechanical properties of austenitic stainless steel alloys. In the present contribution, we review the most important developments within the ab initio quantum-mechanics-aided steel design with special emphasis on the role of magnetism on the fundamental properties of alloy steels.
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| 2. |
- Li, Wei, et al.
(author)
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Generalized stacking fault energies of alloys
- 2014
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In: Journal of Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 0953-8984 .- 1361-648X. ; 26:26, s. 265005-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The generalized stacking fault energy (gamma surface) provides fundamental physics for understanding the plastic deformation mechanisms. Using the ab initio exact muffin-tin orbitals method in combination with the coherent potential approximation, we calculate the. surface for the disordered Cu-Al, Cu-Zn, Cu-Ga, Cu-Ni, Pd-Ag and Pd-Au alloys. Studying the effect of segregation of the solute to the stacking fault planes shows that only the local chemical composition affects the. surface. The calculated alloying trends are discussed using the electronic band structure of the base and distorted alloys. Based on our. surface results, we demonstrate that the previous revealed 'universal scaling law' between the intrinsic energy barriers (IEBs) is well obeyed in random solid solutions. This greatly simplifies the calculations of the twinning measure parameters or the critical twinning stress. Adopting two twinnability measure parameters derived from the IEBs, we find that in binary Cu alloys, Al, Zn and Ga increase the twinnability, while Ni decreases it. Aluminum and gallium yield similar effects on the twinnability.
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| 3. |
- Li, Wei, et al.
(author)
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Generalized stacking fault energy of gamma-Fe
- 2016
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In: Philosophical Magazine. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1478-6435 .- 1478-6443. ; 96:6, s. 524-541
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We investigate the generalized stacking fault energy ( [GRAPHICS] -surface) of paramagnetic [GRAPHICS] -Fe as a function of temperature. At static condition, the face-centred cubic (fcc) lattice is thermodynamically unstable with respect to the hexagonal close-packed lattice, resulting in a negative intrinsic stacking fault energy (ISF). However, the unstable stacking fault energy (USF), representing the energy barrier along the [GRAPHICS] -surface connecting the ideal fcc and the intrinsic stacking fault positions, is large and positive. The ISF is calculated to have a strong positive temperature coefficient, while the USF decreases monotonously with temperature. According to the recent plasticity theory, the overall effect of temperature is to move paramagnetic fcc Fe from the stacking fault formation regime ( [GRAPHICS] K) towards maximum twinning ( [GRAPHICS] K) and finally to a dominating full-slip regime ( [GRAPHICS] K). Our predictions are discussed in connection with the available experimental observations.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Li, Wei, et al.
(author)
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The effect of Al on the 475 degrees C embrittlement of Fe-Cr alloys
- 2013
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In: Computational materials science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0927-0256 .- 1879-0801. ; 74, s. 101-106
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aluminum addition to ferritic stainless steels was found to effectively suppress the deleterious 475 degrees C embrittlement resulting from the phase decomposition in concentrated Fe-Cr alloys. With the aim of revealing the mechanism behind this prosperous phenomenon, here we investigate the effect of Al on the interfacial energy and formation energy of Fe-Cr solid solutions. The interface between the decomposed Fe-rich alpha and Cr-rich alpha' phases carries a positive excess energy, which is of significant importance on determining the process of phase separation. Using ab initio alloy theory, we show that for the alpha-Fe70Cr20Al10/alpha'-Fe100-x-yCryAlx (0 <= x <= 10, 55 <= y <= 80) interface, the Al content (x) barely changes the interfacial energy. However, for the alpha-Fe100-x-yCryAlx/alpha'-Fe10Cr90 (0 <= x <= 10, 0 <= y <= 25) interface, the interfacial energy increases with Al content due to the variation of the formation energies of the Fe-Cr alloys upon Al alloying. Our ab initio results are supported by CALPHAD calculations, and suggest that the beneficial effect of Al on ferritic steels is mainly due to its thermodynamical effect on the alpha' phase.
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| 6. |
- Li, Xiaoqing, et al.
(author)
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Elastic properties of vanadium-based alloys from first-principles theory
- 2012
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In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 86:1, s. 014105-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The effect of Cr and Ti on the fundamental mechanical properties of V-Cr-Ti alloys has been investigated using the all-electron exact muffin-tin orbitals method in combination with the coherent-potential approximation. The static lattice constant and elastic parameters have been calculated for the body-centered-cubic V1-x-yCrxTiy (0 <= x,y <= 0.1) random solid solution as a function of composition. Our theoretical predictions are in good agreement with the available experimental data. Alloys along the equicomposition region are found to exhibit the largest shear and Young's modulus as a result of the opposite alloying effects obtained for the two cubic shear elastic constants. The classical solid-solution hardening (SSH) model predicts larger strengthening effect in V1-yTiy than in V1-xCrx. By considering a phenomenological expression for the ductile-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) in terms of Peierls stress and SSH, it is shown that the present theoretical results can account for the variations of DBTT with composition.
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| 7. |
- Lu, Song, et al.
(author)
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Composition and orientation dependence of the interfacial energy in Fe-Cr stainless steel alloys
- 2011
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In: Physica status solidi. B, Basic research. - : Wiley. - 0370-1972 .- 1521-3951. ; 248:9, s. 2087-2090
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Using a first-principles quantum mechanical method, we calculated the (001) and (110) interfacial energies between the low temperature alpha and alpha' phases of Fe-Cr alloys as functions of chemical composition. Weshow that the interfacial energies and the interfacial energy anisotropy are highly composition dependent. In particular, the increasing interfacial energy anisotropy with decreasing compositional gap may induce different morphology of the decomposed phases for different compositions of the host alloys.
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| 8. |
- Lu, Song, et al.
(author)
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Determining the minimum grain size in severe plastic deformation process via first-principles calculations
- 2012
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In: Acta Materialia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-6454 .- 1873-2453. ; 60:11, s. 4506-4513
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Although the stacking fault energy (SFE) is a fundamental variable determining the minimum grain size (d(min)) obtainable in severe plastic deformation (SPD) processes, its accurate measurement is difficult. Here we establish the SFEs of binary Pd-Ag, Pd-Cu, Pt-Cu and Ni-Cu solid solutions using the axial interaction model and the supercell model in combination with first-principles theory. The two models yield consistent formation energies. For Pd-Ag, Pd-Cu and Ni-Cu, the theoretical SFEs agree well with those from the experimental measurements. For Pt-Cu no experimental results are available, and thus our calculated SFEs represent the first reasonable predictions. We discuss the correlation of the SFE and d(min), in SPD experiments and show that the d(min) values can be evaluated from first-principles calculations.
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| 9. |
- Lu, Song, et al.
(author)
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First-principles determination of the alpha-alpha ' interfacial energy in Fe-Cr alloys
- 2010
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In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 82:19, s. 195103-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The interfacial energies (gamma) between the Cr-rich alpha'-FexCr1-x and Fe-rich alpha-Fe1-yCry phases (0 < x, y < 0.35) are calculated to be between similar to 0.02 and similar to 0.33 J m(-2) for the ferromagnetic state and between similar to 0.02 and similar to 0.27 J m(-2) for the paramagnetic state. Although for both magnetic states, the interfacial energy follows a general decreasing trend with increasing x and y, the fine structures of the gamma(x, y) maps exhibit a marked magnetic state dependence. The subtleties are shown to be ascribed to the magnetic interaction between the Fe and Cr atoms near the interface. The theoretical results are applied to estimate the critical grain size for nucleation and growth in Fe-Cr stainless steel alloys.
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| 10. |
- Lu, Song, et al.
(author)
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First-principles determination of the α-α' interfacial energy in Fe-Cr alloys
- 2010
-
In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 82:19, s. 195103-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The interfacial energies (gamma) between the Cr-rich alpha'-FexCr1-x and Fe-rich alpha-Fe1-yCry phases (0 < x, y < 0.35) are calculated to be between similar to 0.02 and similar to 0.33 J m(-2) for the ferromagnetic state and between similar to 0.02 and similar to 0.27 J m(-2) for the paramagnetic state. Although for both magnetic states, the interfacial energy follows a general decreasing trend with increasing x and y, the fine structures of the gamma(x, y) maps exhibit a marked magnetic state dependence. The subtleties are shown to be ascribed to the magnetic interaction between the Fe and Cr atoms near the interface. The theoretical results are applied to estimate the critical grain size for nucleation and growth in Fe-Cr stainless steel alloys.
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