| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Vredin Johansson, Maria, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
-
Can we buy time? Evaluation of the Swedish government's grant to remediation of contaminated sites
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 92:4, s. 1303-1313
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The major aim of this paper is to analyze how government funding affects the pace of progress in four states of the remediation process of contaminated sites, from basic risk classification to cleanup. We introduce a methodological framework that takes into account the unobserved site-heterogeneity and simultaneously models duration in the different states. The results show that although site-heterogeneity contributes to make remediation a slow process, the third state, from the elaborate risk classification to the cleanup start, is a particular bottleneck. Even if government funding can speed up the process at this state, the effect is minuscule compared to the amounts of funding required. Thus, there is a need for policy to also focus on other barriers to remediation.
|
|
| 3. |
- Andersson, Dan, 1967-
(författare)
-
Exploring Perceptions of Route Environments in Relation to Walking
- 2024
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Every walk takes place in a route environment, which can play an important role in deterring or facilitating walking. The focus of this thesis is on the perceptions of environmental variables, and how they relate to appraisals of route environments as hindering – stimulating for walking and unsafe – safe for reasons of traffic, in two metropolitan environments. Another focus is to expand the state of knowledge concerning the criterion-related validity of the Active Commuting Route Environment Scale (ACRES).Methods: Commuting pedestrians in Greater Stockholm, Sweden, were recruited via advertisements. From the inner urban area there were 294 participants (77% women), aged 49.5 years, and from the suburban areas there were 233 participants (82% women), aged 50.0 years. 77 individuals walked in both areas. The participants evaluated their commuting route environments using the ACRES. Correlation, multiple regression, and mediation analyses were used to explore the relationships between the variables. Comparisons of environmental ratings between groups and settings were performed with t-tests. Studies 1 and 2 focused on the inner urban area and studies 3 and 4 on the suburban areas. Studies 1 and 3 focused exclusively on the relations between the four motorized traffic variables (vehicle speed, vehicle flow, noise, and exhaust fumes), and their relations to the outcome variables (hinders – stimulates walking and unsafe – safe traffic). Studies 2 and 4 utilised proxies from studies 1 and 3 and combined them with other environmental variables to further the understanding of route environmental variables in relation to walking.Results: In both areas, aesthetics and greenery were positively related to stimulating walking, whereas noise, a proxy for motorized traffic, was negatively related. Aesthetics was also positively related to unsafe – safe traffic in the inner urban area, whereas greenery had the corresponding role in suburbia. Another important finding was that greenery also influenced aesthetics positively in both areas. Thus, greenery had both a direct and an indirect positive effect. On the other hand, noise influenced aesthetics negatively in the inner urban area, whereas vehicle flow had the corresponding role in suburbia. A number of variables conjointly influenced the outcome unsafe – safe traffic negatively in both areas (speeds of motor vehicles, noise, conflicts, congestion: pedestrians, red lights, and course of the route). The route environment profiles differed distinctly between the two areas.Conclusions: Several route environmental variables appear to be particularly influential in relation to pedestrian commuting, e.g., aesthetics, greenery, and noise. An important finding is that both positive and negative interactions, between certain predictor variables, were disclosed. The contrasting route environment profiles in the different settings strengthen the criterion-related validity of the ACRES. The findings expands the state of knowledge concerning the relations between the environment and walking. If implemented, these findings can influence public health positively.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Björkander, Sophia, et al.
(författare)
-
Staphylococcus aureus-derived factors induce IL-10, IFN-gamma and IL-17A-expressing FOXP3(+)CD161(+) T-helper cells in a partly monocyte-dependent manner
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a human pathogen as well as a frequent colonizer of skin and mucosa. This bacterium potently activates conventional T-cells through superantigens and it is suggested to induce T-cell cytokine-production as well as to promote a regulatory phenotype in T-cells in order to avoid clearance. This study aimed to investigate how S. aureus impacts the production of regulatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines and the expression of CD161 and HELIOS by peripheral CD4(+)FOXP3(+) T-cells. Stimulation of PBMC with S. aureus 161:2-cell free supernatant (CFS) induced expression of IL-10, IFN-gamma and IL-17A in FOXP3(+) cells. Further, CD161 and HELIOS separated the FOXP3(+) cells into four distinct populations regarding cytokine-expression. Monocyte-depletion decreased S. aureus 161:2-induced activation of FOXP3(+) cells while pre-stimulation of purified monocytes with S. aureus 161:2-CFS and subsequent co-culture with autologous monocyte-depleted PBMC was sufficient to mediate activation of FOXP3(+) cells. Together, these data show that S. aureus potently induces FOXP3(+) cells and promotes a diverse phenotype with expression of regulatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines connected to increased CD161-expression. This could indicate potent regulation or a contribution of FOXP3(+) cells to inflammation and repression of immune-suppression upon encounter with S. aureus.
|
|
| 6. |
- Carvalho-Queiroz, Claudia, et al.
(författare)
-
Associations between EBV and CMV Seropositivity, Early Exposures, and Gut Microbiota in a Prospective Birth Cohort : A 10-Year Follow-up
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Pediatrics. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-2360. ; 4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Early-life infections with persistent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) are delayed in affluent countries, probably due to alterations in early environmental exposures, such as maternal age, siblings, and day-care attendance. We have previously reported that the timing of EBV and CMV contraction is related both to allergic sensitization and changes in functional competence of immune cells, while the presence/absence of lactobacilli [Lactobacillus (L.) casei, L. paracasei, and L. rhamnosus] or Staphylococcus (S.) aureus in feces is related to the risk for allergy. Here, we used the same prospective longitudinal birth cohort of children to investigate early-life environmental exposures and their influence on EBV and CMV contraction over time. Since gut microbes also belong to this category of early exposures, we investigated their association with herpesvirus contraction. Our results show that these two viruses are acquired with different kinetics and that EBV and CMV seroprevalence at 10 years of age was 47 and 57%, respectively. We also observed that a delayed EBV or CMV infection was associated with older maternal age [time ratio (TR) 1.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07-1.21, P-adj < 0.001 and TR 1.09, CI 1.03-1.16, P-adj = 0.008, respectively]. Further, we present the novel finding that S. aureus colonization reduced the time to CMV acquisition (TR 0.21, CI 0.06-0.78, = 0.02). Together, these findings suggest that there is a relationship between timing of herpesvirus acquisition and early-life immune modulating exposures, which interestingly also includes the early infant gut microbiota.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Cooke, Audrey, et al.
(författare)
-
Identifying the mathematical exploration in playing with commercial toy for preverbal children
- 2021
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Young children often engage with commercial toys, many of which are now connected to a television or online video program that the children (and their caregivers) can watch. Children who are preverbal are often engaged (and targeted) with these toys, benefitting with a range of learnings and demonstrations of understandings. This paper uses 360-degree videos to explore the learnings and understandings demonstrated when a preverbal child engages with a commercial toy with an educator. The 360-degree video shows the preverbal child’s behaviours, both in response to the educator’s speech and actions and self-initiated. Children were observed engaged in events, made up of behaviours that were delineated into actions to help the researchers identify what mathematical exploration and understandings each child may demonstrate. Of particular interest is the mathematical understandings and exploration that the child may demonstrated via their actions.
|
|
| 9. |
- Cooke, Audrey, et al.
(författare)
-
Identifying the nonverbal mathematical exploration in preverbal children playing with a commercial toy
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Bringing Nordic mathematics education into the future. - : Svensk förening för MatematikDidaktisk Forskning - SMDF. ; , s. 33-40
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Young children often engage with commercial toys, many of which are now connected to a television or online video program that the children (and their caregivers) can watch. Children who are preverbal are often engaged (and targeted) with these toys, benefitting with a range of learnings and demonstrations of understandings. This paper uses 360-degree videos to explore the learnings and understandings demonstrated when a preverbal child engages with a commercial toy with an educator. The 360-degree video shows the preverbal child’s behaviours, both in response to the educator’s speech and actions and self-initiated. Children were observed engaged in events, made up of behaviours that were delineated into actions to help the researchers identify what mathematical exploration and understandings each child may demonstrate. Of particular interest is the mathematical understandings and exploration that the child may demonstrated via their actions.
|
|
| 10. |
- Forslund, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Does remediation save lives? - on the cost of cleaning up arsenic-contaminated sites in Sweden.
- 2010
-
Ingår i: The Science of the total environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1026 .- 0048-9697. ; 408:16, s. 3085-91
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sweden has only just begun remediation of its many contaminated sites, a process that will cost an estimated SEK 60,000 million (USD 9100 million). Although the risk assessment method, carried out by the Swedish EPA, is driven by health effects, it does not consider actual exposure. Instead, the sites are assessed based on divergence from guideline values. This paper uses an environmental medicine approach that takes exposure into account to analyse how cancer risks on and near arsenic-contaminated sites are implicitly valued in the remediation process. The results show that the level of ambition is high. At 23 contaminated sites, the cost per life saved varies from SEK 287 million to SEK 1,835,000 million, despite conservative calculations that in fact probably underestimate the costs. It is concluded that if environmental health risks are to be reduced, there are probably other areas where economic resources can be used more cost-effectively.
|
|
