| 1. |
- Carrara, Elena, et al.
(författare)
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ESCMID guidelines on testing for SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic individuals to prevent transmission in the health care setting
- 2022
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Ingår i: Clinical Microbiology and Infection. - : Elsevier. - 1198-743X .- 1469-0691. ; 28:5, s. 672-680
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scope: This guideline addresses the indications for direct testing of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in asymptomatic individuals in health care facilities, with the aim to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmissions in these settings. The benefit of testing asymptomatic individuals to create a safe environment for patients and health care workers must be weighed against potential unintended consequences, including delaying necessary treatments owing to false positive results and lower quality of care owing to strict isolation measures.Methods: A total of nine PICOs (population, intervention, comparison, outcome) on the topic of testing asymptomatic individuals was selected by the panel members. Subsequently, a literature search for existing guidelines and systematic reviews was performed on PubMed, Epistemonikos, and RecMap using relevant filters available in each database. Data on article/recommendation type, setting, target population, intervention, and quality of the evidence were extracted. Credibility of the systematic reviews was evaluated using the AMSTAR tool, and level of agreement with available recommendation was evaluated with the AGREE II score. Because the evidence available from systematic reviews was deemed insufficiently updated to formulate relevant recommendations, an additional search targeting relevant guidance documents from major public health institutions and original studies was performed. Provisional recommendations were discussed via web conferences until agreement was reached, and final recommendations were formulated according to the GRADE approach.Recommendations: Recommendations were formulated regarding systematic testing in asymptomatic individuals upon admission to a health care setting, during hospital stay, before elective procedures, and before scheduled nonsurgical procedures. Moreover, recommendations regarding testing of asymptomatic visitors, personal caregivers, and health care workers in health care facilities were presented. Recommendations also were given on contact tracing in asymptomatic patients or health care workers and the possibility of a negative screening test to shorten the quarantine period. Furthermore, if applicable, recommendations were specified to transmission rate and vaccination coverage.
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| 2. |
- Johansson Wilén, Evelina, et al.
(författare)
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Mejlväxling om det existentiella och politiska : Om Martin Hägglunds "Vårt enda liv"
- 2022
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Ingår i: Röda Rummet. - 1403-3844. ; :1
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Den svensk-amerikanske filosofen och litteraturforskaren Martin Hägglunds bok Vårt enda liv: sekulär tro och andlig frihet (2020 [2019]) har rönt stor uppmärksamhet på flera håll i världen. En viktig anledning till bokens framgång är att Hägglund skriver personligt, pedagogiskt och rättframt om den komplexa relationen mellan existentiella och politiska frågor. Vad innebär det att leva, att tro och ta ansvar inför sitt eget och andras liv? Vad ska vi göra med en korta tid vi getts på jorden? Hur villkorar och inskränker det kapitalistiska ekonomiska systemet och den liberala demokratin människors frihet? Hur kan en demokratisk socialism befria oss inte bara från materiell nöd utan också från andlig torftighet?Boken är uppdelad i två huvudavsnitt. I det första, Sekulär tro, presenterar Hägglund genom läsningar av bland andra Søren Kierkegaard en radikal ateism. Mycket kort sammanfattat argumenterar han för att religiösa föreställningar om ett liv efter döden ständigt riskerar rättfärdiga mänskligt lidande med hänvisning till att det bäddar för en belöning på andra sidan döden. Den ateistiska positionen om att detta är det enda liv vi har kastar istället ljus över radikala frågor som hur livet blir meningsfullt och vad i det omgivande samhället som förvägrar oss friheten att leva det liv vi vill leva. I det andra avsnittet, Andlig frihet, diskuterar Hägglund med stöd av Hegel, Marx och Moishe Postone relationen mellan mänsklig frihet, ekonomiska och politiska relationer och samhälleliga institutioner. En central poäng är att det är den kapitalistiska värdeformen som kväser vår andliga frihet och att demokratisk socialism är den organiserande princip som ett fritt samhälle måste grundas i.En bok med sådan spännvidd kan förstås reta många eftersom författaren fräckt för samman traditioner och begreppsapparater som i regel utvecklas separata från varandra. När boken dessutom är uppdelad som den är blir det också lätt så att olika experter begränsar sin kritik till en enskild del utan att diskutera dem sammantagna. Ärkebiskopen Antje Jackelén konstaterar i en recension att Hägglunds brist på teologiskt djup är häpnadsväckande, men avslöjar också indirekt sin egen brist på kritisk-teoretiskt djup. Clartés recensent avfärdar boken med att den stryker den läsande medelklassen medhårs och fokuserar på intima relationer mellan människor istället för relationer mellan klasser. SVT:s recensent konstaterar att den demokratiska socialism Hägglund drömmer om är utan värde eftersom den är orealistisk.Det är förstås viktigt att lyfta fram och kritisera enskilda tillkortakommanden. Men det finns också något symptomatiskt i att detta blir en huvudsak medan en diskussion om vad läsningen av Hägglund gör för skillnad för oss som politiska varelser blir en bisak. I den mejlväxling som här publiceras utbyter Röda Rummets Evelina Johansson Wilén och Johan Örestig tankar med denna sistnämnda fråga i centrum.
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| 3. |
- Landstedt, Evelina, et al.
(författare)
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Longitudinal associations between social relationships at age 30 and internalising symptoms at age 42 : Findings from the Northern Swedish Cohort
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Public Health. - : Springer Nature. - 1661-8556 .- 1661-8564. ; 61:1, s. 75-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Little is known on long-term consequences of poor social relationships in adulthood. The study aimed to examine associations between social relationships at age 30 and internalising symptoms at age 42.METHODS: Data was drawn from four waves of the Northern Swedish cohort (n = 1001, 94 % response rate). The outcome internalising symptoms was measured by a composite index of depressiveness and anxiety. A cumulative measure was constructed to reflect various aspects of social relationships. Multivariate ordinal logistic regressions were used, controlling for socioeconomic indicators and previous level of internalising symptoms.RESULTS: An accumulation of poor social relationships indicators at age 30 is related to internalising symptoms at age 42 in women (OR 1.30; CI 1.11-1.52) and men (OR 1.17; CI 1.02-1.36). The associations remained significant after adjustment for covariates.CONCLUSIONS: Poor quality of social relationships at age 30 can predict internalising symptoms 12 years later in both men and women even when previous mental health as well as financial disadvantage is accounted for. More research is required to further examine pathways and mechanisms as well as suitable interventions.
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| 4. |
- Svensson, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Är lärare vid Riksidrottsgymnasierna kompetenta nog?
- 2017
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Ingår i: Svensk Idrottsmedicin. - : Organ för Svensk Förening för Fysisk Aktivitet och Idrottsmedicin. - 1103-7652. ; 36:1, s. 12-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Med välutbildade och kompetenta lärare i ämnet specialidrott ökar troligtvis förutsättningarna till att utbildningen, såväl i den praktiska träningen som i de teoretiska delarna, leder till en hälsosam prestationsutveckling. Det kan även leda till att RIG-eleverna engagerar sig som ledare och utbildar sig vidare till professionell tränare efter idrottskarriären.
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| 5. |
- van Mourik, Maaike S. M., et al.
(författare)
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PRAISE : providing a roadmap for automated infection surveillance in Europe
- 2021
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Ingår i: Clinical Microbiology and Infection. - : Elsevier. - 1198-743X .- 1469-0691. ; 27, s. S3-S19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Healthcare-associated infections (HAI) are among the most common adverse events of medical care. Surveillance of HAI is a key component of successful infection prevention programmes. Conventional surveillance - manual chart review - is resource intensive and limited by concerns regarding interrater reliability. This has led to the development and use of automated surveillance (AS). Many AS systems are the product of in-house development efforts and heterogeneous in their design and methods. With this roadmap, the PRAISE network aims to provide guidance on how to move AS from the research setting to large-scale implementation, and how to ensure the delivery of surveillance data that are uniform and useful for improvement of quality of care. Methods: The PRAISE network brings together 30 experts from ten European countries. This roadmap is based on the outcome of two workshops, teleconference meetings and review by an independent panel of international experts. Results: This roadmap focuses on the surveillance of HAI within networks of healthcare facilities for the purpose of comparison, prevention and quality improvement initiatives. The roadmap does the following: discusses the selection of surveillance targets, different organizational and methodologic approaches and their advantages, disadvantages and risks; defines key performance requirements of AS systems and suggestions for their design; provides guidance on successful implementation and maintenance; and discusses areas of future research and training requirements for the infection prevention and related disciplines. The roadmap is supported by accompanying documents regarding the governance and information technology aspects of implementing AS. Conclusions: Large-scale implementation of AS requires guidance and coordination within and across surveillance networks. Transitions to large-scale AS entail redevelopment of surveillance methods and their interpretation, intensive dialogue with stakeholders and the investment of considerable resources. This roadmap can be used to guide future steps towards implementation, including designing solutions for AS and practical guidance checklists. (C) 2021 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.
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| 6. |
- van Rooden, Stephanie M., et al.
(författare)
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Governance aspects of large-scale implementation of automated surveillance of healthcare-associated infections
- 2021
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Ingår i: Clinical Microbiology and Infection. - : Elsevier. - 1198-743X .- 1469-0691. ; 27:Supplement 1, s. S20-S28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Surveillance of healthcare-associated infections (HAI) is increasingly automated by applying algorithms to routine-care data stored in electronic health records. Hitherto, initiatives have mainly been confined to single healthcare facilities and research settings, leading to heterogeneity in design. The PRAISE network – Providing a Roadmap for Automated Infection Surveillance in Europe – designed a roadmap to provide guidance on how to move automated surveillance (AS) from the research setting to large-scale implementation. Supplementary to this roadmap, we here discuss the governance aspects of automated HAI surveillance within networks, aiming to support both the coordinating centres and participating healthcare facilities as they set up governance structures and to enhance involvement of legal specialists.Methods: This article is based on PRAISE network discussions during two workshops. A taskforce was installed that further elaborated governance aspects for AS networks by reviewing documents and websites, consulting experts and organizing teleconferences. Finally, the article has been reviewed by an independent panel of international experts.Results: Strict governance is indispensable in surveillance networks, especially when manual decisions are replaced by algorithms and electronically stored routine-care data are reused for the purpose of surveillance. For endorsement of AS networks, governance aspects specifically related to AS networks need to be addressed. Key considerations include enabling participation and inclusion, trust in the collection, use and quality of data (including data protection), accountability and transparency.Conclusions: This article on governance aspects can be used by coordinating centres and healthcare facilities participating in an AS network as a starting point to set up governance structures. Involvement of main stakeholders and legal specialists early in the development of an AS network is important for endorsement, inclusivity and compliance with the laws and regulations that apply.
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