| 1. |
- Kehoe, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6438, s. 341-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 4. |
- Franzén, Karin, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of the Swedish version of the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire, IIQ-7 and the Urogenital Distress Inventory, UDI-6.
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction and hypothesis:The purpose was to validate the Swedish versions of the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ-7) and Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI-6). Methods: We analyzed reliability, validity, and responsiveness in a clinical sample of 96 women with UI. Result:Test-retest reliability ranged from moderate to almost perfect. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.39 (UDI-6) and 0.83 (IIQ-7). Effect size calculation of change after treatment demonstrated good responsiveness. The effect size at 6 months was moderate in the SUI group and small in the UUI+MUI group. There was a moderate to strong correlation between UDI-6 and IIQ-7 and treatment satisfaction at 6, 12, and 24 months for both groups. ConclusionThe Swedish UDI-6 and IIQ-7 show good responsiveness and are easy to administer and fill out. UDI-6 did not produce the same solid psychometrical results as IIQ-7, but both scales can be of clinical importance and are recommended for clinical use.
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| 5. |
- Fridén, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of a low-carbohydrate high polyunsaturated fat diet or a healthy Nordic diet versus usual care on liver fat content and cardiometabolic risk factors in people with type 2 diabetes and prediabetes: a randomized controlled trial (NAFLDiet)
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Previous trials have shown that plant-derived polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in place of saturated fat reduces liver fat, a prerequisite for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The effect on liver fat from a novel “anti-lipogenic diet” replacing carbohydrates with PUFA or a healthy Nordic diet (HND) higher in whole-grains but lower in saturated fat has not yet been examined. Objectives: To investigate the effects on changes in liver fat (primary outcome) and other cardiometabolic risk factors after 12 months of follow-up in individuals with prediabetes or T2D from three different diet comparisons: a low carbohydrate high PUFA (LCPUFA) diet versus a HND, a LCPUFA diet versus usual care (UC) and a HND versus UC. Methods: A three-arm parallel ad libitum randomized trial was conducted. Adult men and women (n=148) were randomized to one of the three diet groups. Participants in all groups received key food items on a monthly/bimonthly basis. Liver fat and cardiometabolic risk factors were assessed at baseline and after 12 months. Dietary adherence was assessed using weighed food diaries and objective biomarkers. General linear models were employed to estimate the intention-to-treat (ITT) effect. Results: Dietary adherence was high for all diet groups. Liver fat was reduced to a similar extent in the LCPUFA and the HND group compared to UC (-1.46% (95% CI: -2.42, -0.51)) and -1.76 % (95% CI: -2.96, -0.57), respectively. No difference in liver fat between LCPUFA and HND was observed. Body weight and HbA1c decreased more in the HND compared to the other diet groups whereas no differences were observed between LCPUFA and UC. Similar reductions in LDL-cholesterol were observed for the HND and the LCPUFA group compared to UC, but only the HND reduced triglycerides and C-reactive protein (CRP) compared with UC. No differences were observed for any other secondary outcomes.Conclusions: A LCPUFA diet and a HND both reduced liver fat as compared with UC. Given the sustained weight loss after the HND compared to the other groups, together with improvements in other cardiometabolic markers, the HND in particular seems to be useful for the treatment of T2D and NAFLD.
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| 6. |
- Halldén, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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Omsorgsbegreppet i förskolan : Olika infallsvinklar på ett begrepp och dess relation till en verksamhet. Rapport från nätverk för barnomsorgsforskning, Göteborg 20-21 novemberg 2000
- 2001
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport innehåller texter som presenterats vid en konferens arrangerad inom ramen för Nätverk för barnomsorgsforskningi . Syftet med konferensen var att lyfta upp begreppet omsorg, diskutera dess innebörd, rädda det från retorisk förflackning och samtidigt via dess koppling till verksamheter belysa ett vidare sammanhang. När bamforskning diskuteras har jag på senare tid funnit det väsentligt att peka på att den har en kapacitet att kasta ljus över centrala samhällsfrågor. Forskning om barn bör inte bara vara en forskning om en viss grupp i samhället. Den nyare bamdomsforskningen söker tillämpa ett bamperspektiv. Detta innebär att fenomen studeras såsom de framstår från barnens perspektiv och att inverkan av olika sociala reformer, politiska förändringar och produktion av varor på barns liv belyses. Det handlar alltså både om att söka efter barnens perspektiv och att söka efter konsekvenserna för barnen av olika samhälleliga förändringar. Nya fålt som t.ex. barndomshistoria, barndomssociologi och barndomsantropologi har uppstått och begreppet generation har införts för att markera vikten av att anlägga ett generationsperspektiv på frågor som vanligtvis grupperats på annat sätt.
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| 7. |
- Herstad-Svärd, S., et al.
(författare)
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Ramprogram – Åtgärder för samtidig minimering av alkalirelaterade driftproblem, Etapp 2
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Combustion of an increasing amount of biofuel and waste woods has resulted in certainenvironmental advantages, including decreased emissions of fossil CO2, SO2 andmetals. On the other hand, a number of chloride and alkali related operational problemshave occurred which are related to combustion of these fuels.Alkali related operational problems have been studied in a project consisting of twoparts. The overall scope has been to characterise the operational problems and to studymeasures to minimise them. The first part was reported in Värmeforsk report 997 wherethe results were summarised in a table of different measures. In part two, additionalmeasures have been included in the test plan and initial corrosion has been studiedlinked to the different measures. The tests have also in part two been carried out at the12 MW CFB boiler at Chalmers. The effect of the selected measures has beeninvestigated concerning both deposit formation and bed agglomeration, and at the sametime emissions and other operational conditions were characterised.The second part of the project has among other things focused on:• To investigate measures which decrease the content of alkali and chloride in thedeposits, and consequently decrease the risk for corrosion (by investigating theinitial corrosion). Focus was also on trying to explain favourable effects.• To investigate if it is possible to combine a rather low dosage of kaolin and injectionof ammonium sulphate. This was done in order to reduce both bed agglomerationand problems from deposits during combustion of fuels rich in chlorine.• To investigate if co-combustion with sewage sludge, de-inking sludge or peat withhigh ash content, could give similar advantages as conventional additives.• Investigate if ash from PFBC is possible to use as an alternative bed material.By comparing the different measures in part two, it could be concluded that cocombustionof sewage sludge gave the best overall effect. The judgement was based onthe effects concerning bed agglomeration, level of alkali chloride in the flue gas,deposits and initial corrosion. Simultaneous addition of kaolin and ammonia sulphatealso had a favourable impact both in the bed and on the alkali chlorides in the gas phase.Dosage of kaolin did not reduce the effect of injected ammonium sulphate. Cocombustionof peat could also be a very attractive alternative, but it is critical to select asuitable peat type. It is of special concern to avoid peat with a high content of calcium,since it can increase the level of alkali chlorides by reacting with available sulphur.Change of bed material to ash from PFBC can decrease problems with bedagglomeration, but there is a risk of increased deposit formation and corrosion. A boileroperated with high steam data should consequently combine the change of bed materialwith injection of ammonium sulphate or another source of sulphur.Co-combustion of de-inking sludge from pulp and paper production can reduceproblems with bed agglomeration. There is, however, an increased chance of corrosiondue to the high content of calcium. Injection of sulphates may improve the situationconcerning corrosion. The results also showed that low potassium chlorine content in the flue gas decreasesthe risk of corrosion. Increased amount of potassium chlorine content in the flue gaswill not necessary give a high amount of chlorine content in the deposits if there is sulphur in the system.Key words: agglomeration, deposits, corrosion, alkali, kaolin, ammonium sulphate,sludge
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| 8. |
- Johansson, Anna, 1965-
(författare)
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Sleep-Wake-Activity and Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease and evaluation of an individualized non-pharmacological programme to promote self-care in sleep
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sleep is a basic need, important to physical and psychological recovery. Insomnia implies sleep-related complaints, such as difficulty falling asleep, difficulty staying asleep, early awakening, or non-restorative sleep (NRS) in an individual who has adequate circumstances and opportunity to sleep. Insomnia is also related to impairment of daytime functions. The prevalence of reported sleep disturbances varies between 15% and 60% in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) up to five years after intervention. Disturbed sleep may have a negative impact on self-care capacity and behaviours. Little attention has been given to evaluation of sleep promotion through individualized non-pharmacological interventions among CAD patients.The overall aim of this thesis was to describe the impact of sleep quality and disrupted sleep on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with stable CAD, in comparison to a population-based group. The objective was also to evaluate an individualized non-pharmacological programme to promote self-care in sleep.Four studies were conducted during seven years, starting in 2001. Patients from six hospitals in the south of Sweden were invited to participate. In addition, an age and gender matched population-based group was randomly selected during the same period as the patients and was used for comparison with the CAD patients in two of the studies. Data was collected through interviews, self-reported questionnaires, a study specific sleep diary and actigraphy registrations. A pretest-posttest control design was used to evaluate whether an individualized non-pharmacological intervention programme could promote self-care in sleep-activity in CAD patients.The results showed a high prevalence of insomniac CAD patients out of whom a large proportion were non-rested insomniacs. This showed that NRS is one of the core symptoms of insomnia. On the other hand there were weak or non-significant gender differences with increasing insomnia severity. Severe insomniac CAD patients displayed a two or threefold higher presleep arousal or anxiety score and were more limited in taking physical exercise than the general population. Generally low sleep efficiency (SE%) was revealed in the studies, particularly among severe non-rested insomniac CAD patients.Among CAD patients, the individualized non-pharmacological programme to promote self-care in sleep-activity indicated improvements in sleep and HRQoL.This thesis elucidates the importance of focusing on the individual’s perception of their sleep-activity and health in their local context and supporting self-care management. Furthermore, it is of importance that nurses set individual goals together with the patient in order to increase self-efficacy to promote HRQoL.
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| 9. |
- Johansson, Carl-Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Sågverksnytt nr 1
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
- Johansson, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Växtnäring från trekammarbrunnar för hållbar produktion av energigräs : rapportering för åren 2007 och 2008
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det långsiktiga målet för projekt ”Växtnäring från trekammarbrunnar för hållbar produktion av energigräs” är att visa på hållbara metoder för produktion av fleråriga energigräs på energiåkrar som gödslas med trekammarbrunnsslam. Uppnås projektets långsiktiga mål innebär det en mer hållbar odling av energigräs för produktion av fordonsbränsle (biogas och bioetanol) eller fastbränsle. I större skala innebär det en ökad återföring av växtnäring från samhället till jordbruket, via trekammarbrunnsslam från landsbygden. Det innebär en minskad användning av fossil energi genom minskade transporter av trekammarbrunnsslam till reningsverk, minskat behov av konstgödsel vid odling av energigräsen och genom att energigräsen kan ersätta fossil energi. Växtnäringen i trekammarbrunnsslammet uppgraderas via odling och användning av energigräsen som biogassubstrat alt. som fastbränsle när de växtnäringsrika restprodukterna (biogödsel eller aska) blir så rena att de kan användas som gödselmedel vid livsmedels- och foderproduktion. Se rapportens framsida som schematiskt visar hur trekammarbrunnsslam kan ingå i ett kretslopp. Det kortsiktiga målet för projektet är att utvärdera möjligheterna att nyttiggöra trekammarbrunnsslam som en växtnäringsresurs vid odling av fleråriga energigräs såsom rörflen och biogasvall på energiåkrar i jämförelse med ett nytt högavkastande energigräs Szarvasi-1. Detta sker genom odlingsförsök med energigräsen, analyser och värdering av dessa för olika energiändamål, hygieniska studier på trekammarbrunnsslammet samt kemiska analyser av åkermarken och av trekammarbrunnsslammet som används i odlingsförsöken. I denna rapport redovisas resultat från 1)Etablering av energigräsen i odlingsförsök 2)Utvärdering av trekammarbrunnsslammet som en växtnäringsresurs 3)Utvärdering av hygienisering av trekammarbrunnsslammet med tillsats av urea 4)Studier av produktion av bioetanol och biogas baserad på energigräs. Trekammarbrunnsslammet har en betydligt sämre kvalitet ur växtnärings- och metallsynpunkt än både nötflytgödsel och klosettvatten från slutna avloppstankar. Koppar- och zinkhalterna i trekammarbrunnsslam kan överskrida gränsvärdena enligt reglerna för spridning av avloppsslam på åkermark. Hygienisering med 0,6 % urea i 3 månader visade sig ge en acceptabel hygienisk kvalitet för användning av trekammarbrunnsslam i energiodling. Halterna av miljöstörande organiska ämnen ligger långt under riktvärdena för avloppsslam. Kombinerad produktion av etanol och biogas från ångbehandlad hampa gav i labskala 20-25% högre bruttoproduktion av drivmedel jämfört med att endast göra biogas från finhackad hampa. Det som återstår att studera är: a)Hygieniseringens effektivitet på indikatororganismerna vid olika doser av urea b)Hygieniska gränsvärden vid spridning av trekammarbrunnsslam i växande energigröda c)Energigräsens potential för produktion av bioetanol och biogas vid olika skördetidpunkter d)Energigräsens potential som stråbränsle vid olika skördetidpunkter e)Gödslingseffektiviteten och energibalansen vid olika användningar av energigräsen f)Eventuell ackumulation av metaller och organiska föroreningar i energiåkern. The long-term objective of the project ‘Plant nutrients from three-chamber septic tanks in sustainable production of energy grass’ is to demonstrate sustainable methods for the production of perennial grass leys on arable land dedicated to energy crops fertilised with sewage sludge from three-chamber septic tanks. Achievement of this long-term objective will allow more sustainable production of energy grass for use as vehicle fuel (biogas and bioethanol) or solid fuel. On a larger scale it will increase recycling of plant nutrients from society to agriculture via three-chamber septic tank sludge from rural homes. That will decrease the use of fossil energy indirectly by decreasing the need for mineral fertilisers and for sludge transport to sewage plants, and directly through biofuel made from the energy grass replacing fossil energy. The plant nutrients in the sludge are upgraded through the cultivation of energy grass and its use as a biogas substrate or solid fuel, since the nutrient-rich residues (biodigestate or ash) are so well-sanitised that they can be used as a fertiliser in food and feed production. The diagram on the front cover shows how three-chamber septic tank sludge can be incorporated into nutrient recycling. The short-term objective of the project was to assess the potential for utilising three-chamber septic tank sludge as a plant nutrient resource in the cultivation of perennial energy grasses such as reed canarygrass and biogas leys on arable land dedicated to energy crops, in comparison with the high-yielding energy grass Szarvasi-1. This was achieved through cropping trials with the energy grasses, analyses and evaluations of these for different energy purposes, hygiene studies on the three-chamber septic tank sludge and chemical analyses of the soil and the sludge used in the cropping trials. This report presents results on: 1)Establishment of energy grass in cropping trials. 2)Evaluation of three-chamber septic tank sludge as a plant fertiiser. 3)Evaluation of sludge sanitation through the addition of urea. 4)Preliminary studies of bioethanol and biogas production based on energy grass The three-chamber septic tank sludge is of much lower quality from a nutrient and metal perspective than cattle manure or blackwater from holding tanks. The copper and zinc concentrations in the sludge can exceed the permissible values for spreading sewage sludge on arable land. Sanitation with 0.6% urea for three months was shown to give acceptable hygiene quality for use of the three-chamber septic tank sludge in energy crops. The concentrations of organic environmental pollutants were well below the permissible values for sewage sludge. The next phase of the project will examine: a)The efficacy of sanitation at different doses of urea. b)Permissible hygiene values for spreading three-chamber septic tank sludge in growing energy grass. c)The potential of energy grasses for production of bioethanol and biogas at different harvesting times. d)The potential of energy grasses as a solid fuel at different harvesting times. e)The fertiliser efficiency and energy balance for energy grass. f)The incidence of metal and organic pollutant accumulation in energy grass fields.
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