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| 2. |
- Johansson, Roger, et al.
(author)
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Looking at the keyboard or the monitor : relationship with text production processes
- 2010
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In: Reading and writing. - : Springer Netherlands. - 0922-4777 .- 1573-0905. ; 23:7, s. 835-851
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper we explored text production differences in an expository text production task between writers who looked mainly at the keyboard and writers who looked mainly at the monitor. Eye-tracking technology and keystroke-logging were combined to systematically describe and define these two groups in respect of the complex interplay between text production and the reading of one's own emerging text. Findings showed that monitor gazers typed significantly faster and were more productive writers. They also read their own text more, and they frequently read in parallel with writing. Analysis of fixation durations suggests that more cognitive processing is in use during reading in parallel with writing than during reading in pauses. Keyboard gazers used the left and right cursor keys significantly more. We suggest that this is because they revised their texts in a much more serial mode than monitor gazers. Finally, analysis of the characteristics of the final texts showed no differences between the groups.
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| 3. |
- Johansson, Roger, et al.
(author)
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Reading during text production
- 2012
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In: Learning to write effectively. - : Brill Academic Publishers. ; , s. 359-363
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 4. |
- Johansson, Roger, et al.
(author)
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Reading during text production
- 2012
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In: Current trends in European Writing Research. - Bingley, UK : Emerald. ; , s. 359-361, s. 359-361
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Wengelin, Åsa, et al.
(author)
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Combined eyetracking and keystroke-logging methods for studying cognitive processes in text production
- 2009
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In: Behavior Research Methods. - New York : Springer-Verlag New York. - 1554-351X .- 1554-3528. ; 41:2, s. 337-351
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Writers typically spend a certain proportion of time looking back over the text that they have written. This is likely to serve a number of different functions, which are currently poorly understood. In this article, we present two systems, ScriptLog + TimeLine and EyeWrite, that adopt different and complementary approaches to exploring this activity by collecting and analyzing combined eye movement and keystroke data from writers composing extended texts. ScriptLog + TimeLine is a system that is based on an existing keystroke-logging program and uses heuristic, pattern-matching methods to identify reading episodes within eye movement data. EyeWrite is an integrated editor and analysis system that permits identification of the words that the writer fixates and their location within the developing text. We demonstrate how the methods instantiated within these systems can be used to make sense of the large amount of data generated by eyetracking and keystroke logging in order to inform understanding of the cognitive processes that underlie written text production.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Bodil, et al.
(author)
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Combining Keystroke Logging with Eye Tracking
- 2006
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In: Writing and Digital Media. - 1572-6304. - 0080448631 ; 17, s. 166-172
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This chapter describes the successful development of a new methodology for studying on-line writing. The text-logging tool ScriptLog has been combined with the eyetracking technology iView X HED HT, in order to enhance the study of the interplay between writing, monitoring and revision. Data on the distribution of visual attention during writing help determining to what extent pauses are used for monitoring. The complexity of the experimental settings, and the expertise needed for interpreting the eye-tracking data make this a method suitable mainly for laboratory settings. The chapter also introduces an analysis tool that merges data from ScriptLog and iView and thus helps the researcher to organise and analyse the vast amount of data produced.
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| 8. |
- Holmqvist, Kenneth, et al.
(author)
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Perceiving and Producing the Frog Story
- 2004
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In: Perspectives on language and language development. - : Springer US. - 1402079036 ; , s. 293-306
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 9. |
- Strömqvist, Sven, et al.
(author)
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What keystroke-logging can reveal about writing
- 2006
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In: Computer key-stroke logging and writing: methods and applications (Studies in Writing). - 1572-6304. - 0080449344 ; 18, s. 45-72
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Writing is a dynamic activity. In order fully to appreciate that fact, we have to analyse writing as it unfolds in teal time. The present paper gives a bird's eye perspective on the budding paradigm of using keystroke logging as a window on the online process of writing. First, methods and tools for designing writing experiments, recording writing activity, and for analysing recordings of writing activity are reviewed. Second, an overview of different lines of research is presented. Here, rather than attempting an exhaustive review of the state-of-art, we present selective illustrations from four areas of research where keystroke logging by means of the research tool ScriptLog was used as a basis for the analysis of writing: the contrastive study of speech and writing, the study of learning to write, the study of writing difficulties, and the experimental study of spelling. Also, the combination of keystroke logging with eye-tracking technology is illustrated. The paper ends with a discussion of future directions for research and applications, including test, diagnosis, evaluation, writing support, and a new generation of corpora of computer-logged writing and their use in research and education.
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