| 1. |
- Bokhorst, Stef, et al.
(författare)
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Changing Arctic snow cover : A review of recent developments and assessment of future needs for observations, modelling, and impacts
- 2016
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 45:5, s. 516-537
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Snow is a critically important and rapidly changing feature of the Arctic. However, snow-cover and snowpack conditions change through time pose challenges for measuring and prediction of snow. Plausible scenarios of how Arctic snow cover will respond to changing Arctic climate are important for impact assessments and adaptation strategies. Although much progress has been made in understanding and predicting snow-cover changes and their multiple consequences, many uncertainties remain. In this paper, we review advances in snow monitoring and modelling, and the impact of snow changes on ecosystems and society in Arctic regions. Interdisciplinary activities are required to resolve the current limitations on measuring and modelling snow characteristics through the cold season and at different spatial scales to assure human well-being, economic stability, and improve the ability to predict manage and adapt to natural hazards in the Arctic region.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Cederholm, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
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Forskaren, samhället och jäv
- 2008
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 105:16, s. 7-1206
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 5. |
- Johansson, Hasse, et al.
(författare)
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Dagens innovationer kräver mer än en ensam uppfinnare
- 2009
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Ingår i: Dagens Industri. - 0346-640X. ; , s. 4-4
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- För att åstadkomma innovationer och tillväxt krävs samverkan och utbyte på alla nivåer, mellan individer på företag och akademiska institutioner. Nya produkter och tjänster kräver risktagande och uthållighet.
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| 6. |
- Johansson, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Performance evaluation of complex product development
- 2009
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Ingår i: DS 58-6. - 9781904670100 ; , s. 87-98
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper a conceptual performance evaluation framework is proposed and discussed. The aim of the framework is to present a tool to stakeholders, involved in dynamic complex product development activities, that assists in developing a mutual understanding of performance relevancy. It is argued that a system perspective and the possibility to tailor performance criteria and measures according to contextual circumstances are needed for performance evaluation to improve work in product development. Companies need to consider what metrics that are relevant or applicable to measure or evaluate the product development process in their own business and context. From a performance evaluation perspective, a categorization of activities in product development is made into: Planning, Implementation, and Sales and Delivery. It is argued that the three activity categories have different objectives and need to be evaluated and managed accordingly if the overall development process is to be considered successful. Moreover, each activity category can be modeled using a generic activity model to derive relevant performance criteria, needed for identifying relevant performance indicators. It is argued that this will have implications on how performance, that is, efficiency and effectiveness, in product development is evaluated at a managerial and designer level, since the performance evaluation framework is based on the performed activities. Three different perspectives - integrated, information and learning - are used as basis for the discussion in this paper in order to accomplish an enhanced understanding of the value of the performance evaluation.
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| 7. |
- Lööw, Joel
(författare)
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'Soft' Questions in a 'Hard' Industry? : Sociotechnical Problems of the Mining Industry
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The workplaces of mining industry fail to attract the skills and competences that the industry needs for maintaining its production and, in particular, tackling its future challenges. Some of the challenges that face the mining industry are technical and call for technical solutions: deeper and poorer ore deposits, greater environmental requirements, and lower ore prices, for example. Other challenges are social: the mining industry must secure its social licence to operate and, in particular, its current workforce is ageing at the same time as younger generations seem uninterested in employment in the industry. Yet, these technical and social—“hard” and “soft”— challenges relate in such a way that attempting to solve one question will depend on and be influenced by how other challenges are solved. This thesis argues that most of these challenges have a connection to the workplaces of the mining industry, such that the industry’s ability to provide attractive workplaces will significantly influence how it can overcome its other challenges—meaning, most challenges have social components and require social (soft) interventions as well as technical (hard) interventions. However, the mining industry approaches most of its challenges from a technical perspective and seeks to solve its problems with the help of technology; the workplaces of the mining industry do not have to be unattractive, but to make them attractive requires that the mining industry changes its approach to this question, so that the industry comes to treat the question as one of a sociotechnical process in which “hard” and “soft” issues are given equal attention. The purpose of this thesis is to outline such a process. The thesis seeks to develop an understanding of the interplay of social and technical matters in the mining industry and, through this, how workplaces and technology can be developed so that social and technical systems can come to harmonise.This thesis uses a theoretical framework based in the tradition of sociotechnical design but combines this with insights from social studies of technology, the “travel of ideas” literature and institutional pragmatism. This conceptualisation sees very little division between “hard” and “soft” questions and understands technology to be more than its physical artefacts; technology is the whole of the sociotechnical network that surrounds technology’s development, use and implementation. Technology, in this way, is best understood to be information, meaning that technology’s depiction (technology’s metaphors) has a important influence on final effects of technology. In extension, much can be understood about technology and its purposes (e.g., to improve the work environment) by treating technology as ideas and focusing how these ideas travel between different contexts. Such an analysis identifies the perspectives of individuals or actors, and how these perspectives differ, as important components in creating attractive workplaces in the mining industry. The empirical basis for this thesis comes from several projects conducted within and with the mining industry between 2014 and 2020. These projects have included investigations into how the mining industry has worked with safety, as well as the evaluation of work environment effects of new technology, and the providing recommendations for the development of new technology. These projects have entailed the use several different methods: interviews (including workshops) with technology developers, operators, work environment managers, and so on; document studies; and participant observations. The results of this thesis exemplify how technology and the design of workplaces in the mining industry can be conceptualised in the manner suggested by the theoretical framework, highlighting, for example, the constant presence of an interplay between technology and social matters, and how instrumental-rationalistic and institutional logic are present in both cases. The results also show that the way different actors understand technology has an important effect on workplace effects and whether these workplaces emerge as attractive or not. Thus, for technology to be able to address the lacking attractiveness of the mining industry’s workplaces—and in extension, for the mining industry to address its future challenges—requires technology to be developed and implemented using open, transparent, and participatory processes. This thesis contributes an understanding that harmonisation between technical and social systems (as understood in sociotechnical theory) depends on how different actors within these systems view technology, and that systems fail to harmonise when these views do not match. The thesis suggests, in this, that these views go beyond technical function and properties to include norms and values. Tackling the challenges of the mining industry requires rethinking and further developing participatory design and decision-making processes. There will be no one-fit-all solutions nor will single interventions be enough to address the mining industry’s challenges. Instead, the processes surrounding the development and implementation of technology need to further consider individual needs and desires, technical and otherwise; creating attractive workplaces in the mining industry is a humanistic and democratic undertaking.
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| 8. |
- Törneke, Krister, et al.
(författare)
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Vägledning för kommunal VA-planering : för hållbar VA-försörjning och god vattenstatus
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Klimatförändringar och översvämningar, ökade miljökrav och en åldrad infrastruktur innebär ökade krav på kommunernas vatten- och avloppsverksamhet. Utanför verksamhetsområdet riskerar bristfälliga små avloppsanläggningar att sprida smittoämnen och bidra till att vattenförekomster inte uppnår god status. Kommunerna står inför stora investeringar för att nå en hållbar VAförsörjning. En strategisk och långsiktig VA-planering som omfattar både dricksvatten, spillvatten och dagvatten blir kommunens verktyg för att lyfta fram problem och prioritera åtgärder för att kostnadseffektivt möta de utmaningar som man står inför. Vägledningen är framtagen för att underlätta kommunernas planering för en trygg och hållbar VA-försörjning. Den ger konkreta råd för att komma igång och föreslår en stegvis planeringsprocess. Arbetssättet bygger på att börja med det som är tillgängligt, identifiera de strategiska frågorna och göra vägval inför den fortsatta planeringen. Vägledningen beskriver de olika stegen i planeringsprocessen och vilka styrdokument den bör omfatta. VA-planeringen bör initieras med ett tydligt uppdrag till en förvaltningsövergripande arbetsgrupp med tillräckliga resurser (steg 1). Steg 2 är att utarbeta en VA-översikt som beskriver omvärldsfaktorer, nuläge, förutsättningar och framtida behov. Steg 3 är att beskriva strategiska vägval för hantering av olika frågor, som fastställs i en VA-policy. Själva VAplanen (steg 4) tas fram utifrån VA-översikten och VA-policyn och innehåller en plan för såväl den allmänna anläggningen som för VA-försörjningen utanför verksamhetsområdet. VA-planen tillämpas sedan genom att åtgärderna förs in i kommunens löpande budgetprocess. Arbetet enligt VA-planen följs sedan upp regelbundet och planen revideras lämpligen varje mandatperiod (steg 5). En förutsättning för en lyckad VA-planering är att det finns en god kommunikation mellan politiker och tjänstemän från olika enheter inom kommunen. Det finns också ett stort värde i att samverka med länsstyrelser och grannkommuner för att utbyta erfarenheter. En väl genomförd VA-planering ger en beredskap och gör kommunen betydligt bättre rustad för att möta utmaningarna på VA-området och möjlighet att påverka utvecklingen i positiv riktning.
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| 9. |
- Westin, Margareta, et al.
(författare)
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Constraints to the transition to fossil-free passenger transport – As perceived by rural inhabitants
- 2024
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Ingår i: Research in Globalization. - : Elsevier. - 2590-051X. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Passenger travel by car currently accounts for a significant part of greenhouse gas emissions, but reducing dependency on the car in rural areas while ensuring accessibility is challenging. This study offers a user perspective on the constraints to fossil-free mobility in a remote rural area of Sweden, drawing on focus group discussions with inhabitants of six rural settlements.The study took place in Västerbotten and Norrbotten, Sweden's two northernmost regions where the climate is sub-arctic, population density low, and car dependence high.It explores constraints including the shift from personal and individual responsibility for transport to more collective solutions. Both contextual and individual aspects impact on people's ability to change, including social networks, working arrangements, socioeconomic preconditions, and personal flexibility.
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| 10. |
- Westman, Jessica, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Children's affective experience of every-day travel
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Transport Geography. - : Elsevier BV. - 0966-6923 .- 1873-1236. ; 29, s. 95-102
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aims to evaluate if children’s affective experience of every-day travel varies depending on travel mode and destination of travel. More specifically, what are children’s reported valence (unpleasantness–pleasantness) and activation (deactivation–activation) while travelling to different destinations and does this experience have spill-over effects on how they perceive activities at the destination. 206 Children (101 girls) recorded their travels in a diary throughout a school week along with reports of travel mode, experience of every-day travel, activities on arrival, and the experiences of activities. Results showed that average valence and activation was significantly lower while travelling to school than travelling to other destinations. Degree of activation during a school day was significantly lower for those who had travelled by car than for those who had cycled to school. Girls experienced less activation than boys on their way to school and during a school day when they had travelled by car. It is concluded that children’s affective experiences differ depending on how they travel and where they go. Moreover, there is a difference between boys’ and girls’ experiences.
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