| 1. |
- Roupé, Mattias, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Virtual collaborative design environment: Supporting seamless integration of multitouch table and immersive VR
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Construction Engineering and Management - ASCE. - 1943-7862 .- 0733-9364. ; 146:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Throughout the design of a new building it is essential that all involved stakeholders understand, communicate, participate, and collaborate with each other to acquire a high-quality result. To support these shared and creative design processes, this paper presents the design and evaluation of virtual collaborative design environment (ViCoDE) - a new collaborative design system. ViCoDE features seamless integration of several immersive VR systems and a multitouch table that facilitates collaborative and interactive design work with immediate feedback. The evaluation of the system has been done during two real-life collaborative design workshops in a context of designing new healthcare environments. The results show that the VR system and multitouch table complement each other very well by facilitating both collaborative, and individual design spaces - and that it fosters better understanding, participation, communication, knowledge sharing, and collaboration among the different stakeholders. The contribution is two-fold: presentation of a new collaborative design system and the evaluation of its use in a real-life design context, which demonstrate how these new technology-based workshops may facilitate design management.
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| 2. |
- Viklund Tallgren, Mikael, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Collaborative Scheduling with 4D extended to Virtual Reality
- 2020
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Ingår i: Enabling the Development and Implementation of Digital Twins: Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Construction Applications of Virtual Reality. ; , s. 73-85
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Construction planning and scheduling processes have been relatively unchanged until the last decades when 4D-planning has been promoted along with the rise of Building Information Modeling (BIM). Some 4D-systems have been developed for visualising schedules rather than to aid in the actual creation of the schedule. In contrast, some scheduling software in more recent years has been enhanced with 4D-modeling capabilities. Furthermore, the use of BIM-viewers during scheduling partly enables both design and schedule review before construction. This paper aims to show how an alternative approach to 4D-modelling could be used to produce schedules. The paper presents a prototype software for planning and scheduling where the production-schedule is created directly from the model in a lean construction Last Planner manner from the building components. Findings from evaluations of the prototype indicate a move of 4D-modelling from a passive visualisation to an active modelling process. This move enables knowledge to be created and exchanged in the social co-creation context of the 4D-schedule by the stakeholders. The co-creation and understanding can be further enhanced with the extension into virtual reality using head-mounted displays where the 4D-schedule can be created and reviewed directly.
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| 3. |
- Johansson, Karin S L, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic controls of short- and long-term stomatal CO2 responses in Arabidopsis thaliana
- 2020
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Ingår i: Annals of botany. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1095-8290 .- 0305-7364. ; 126:1, s. 179-190
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The stomatal conductance (gs) of most plant species decreases in response to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration. This response could have a significant impact on plant water use in a future climate. However, the regulation of the CO2-induced stomatal closure response is not fully understood. Moreover, the potential genetic links between short-term (within minutes to hours) and long-term (within weeks to months) responses of gs to increased atmospheric CO2 have not been explored. METHODS: We used Arabidopsis thaliana recombinant inbred lines originating from accessions Col-0 (strong CO2 response) and C24 (weak CO2 response) to study short- and long-term controls of gs. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping was used to identify loci controlling short- and long-term gs responses to elevated CO2, as well as other stomata-related traits. KEY RESULTS: Short- and long-term stomatal responses to elevated CO2 were significantly correlated. Both short- and long-term responses were associated with a QTL at the end of chromosome 2. The location of this QTL was confirmed using near-isogenic lines and it was fine-mapped to a 410-kb region. The QTL did not correspond to any known gene involved in stomatal closure and had no effect on the responsiveness to abscisic acid. Additionally, we identified numerous other loci associated with stomatal regulation. CONCLUSIONS: We identified and confirmed the effect of a strong QTL corresponding to a yet unknown regulator of stomatal closure in response to elevated CO2 concentration. The correlation between short- and long-term stomatal CO2 responses and the genetic link between these traits highlight the importance of understanding guard cell CO2 signalling to predict and manipulate plant water use in a world with increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration. This study demonstrates the power of using natural variation to unravel the genetic regulation of complex traits.
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| 4. |
- Silva Barreto, Isabella, et al.
(författare)
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Multiscale Characterization of Embryonic Long Bone Mineralization in Mice
- 2020
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Ingår i: Advanced Science. - : Wiley. - 2198-3844 .- 2198-3844. ; 7:21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Long bone mineralization occurs through endochondral ossification, where a cartilage template mineralizes into bone-like tissue with a hierarchical organization from the whole bone-scale down to sub-nano scale. Whereas this process has been extensively studied at the larger length scales, it remains unexplored at some of the smaller length scales. In this study, the changes in morphology, composition, and structure during embryonic mineralization of murine humeri are investigated using a range of high-resolution synchrotron-based imaging techniques at several length scales. With micro- and nanometer spatial resolution, the deposition of elements and the shaping of mineral platelets are followed. Rapid mineralization of the humeri occurs over approximately four days, where mineral to matrix ratio and calcium content in the most mineralized zone reach adult values shortly before birth. Interestingly, zinc is consistently found to be localized at the sites of ongoing new mineralization. The mineral platelets in the most recently mineralized regions are thicker, longer, narrower, and less aligned compared to those further into the mineralized region. In summary, this study demonstrates a specific spatial distribution of zinc, with highest concentration where new mineral is being deposited and that the newly formed mineral platelets undergo slight reshaping and reorganization during embryonic development.
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| 5. |
- Markgren, Joel, et al.
(författare)
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Glutenin and Gliadin, a Piece in the Puzzle of their Structural Properties in the Cell Described through Monte Carlo Simulations
- 2020
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Ingår i: Biomolecules. - : MDPI. - 2218-273X. ; 10:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gluten protein crosslinking is a predetermined process where specific intra- and intermolecular disulfide bonds differ depending on the protein and cysteine motif. In this article, all-atom Monte Carlo simulations were used to understand the formation of disulfide bonds in gliadins and low molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS). The two intrinsically disordered proteins appeared to contain mostly turns and loops and showed "self-avoiding walk" behavior in water. Cysteine residues involved in intramolecular disulfide bonds were located next to hydrophobic peptide sections in the primary sequence. Hydrophobicity of neighboring peptide sections, synthesis chronology, and amino acid chain flexibility were identified as important factors in securing the specificity of intramolecular disulfide bonds formed directly after synthesis. The two LMW-GS cysteine residues that form intermolecular disulfide bonds were positioned next to peptide sections of lower hydrophobicity, and these cysteine residues are more exposed to the cytosolic conditions, which influence the crosslinking behavior. In addition, coarse-grained Monte Carlo simulations revealed that the protein folding is independent of ionic strength. The potential molecular behavior associated with disulfide bonds, as reported here, increases the biological understanding of seed storage protein function and provides opportunities to tailor their functional properties for different applications.
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| 6. |
- Odebo Länk, Nils, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Optical Tweezing and Photothermal Properties of Resonant Dielectric and Metallic Nanospheres
- 2020
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Ingår i: ACS Photonics. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2330-4022. ; 7:9, s. 2405-2412
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optically trapped nanoparticles can be used as efficient mobile probes of nanoscopic forces and temperatures. However, it is crucial that the trapped particle has minimal influence on the system under study while providing a strong enough optical response to actually allow for optical manipulation. This puts severe constraints on the particle size and thermal properties. In particular, strong optical responses associated with plasmon resonances in noble metal nanoparticles and Mie resonances in high index dielectric particles can significantly affect trap stability through enhanced radiation pressure forces and photoinduced heating. Using Mie theory and hot Brownian motion analysis, we calculate trap stability and photothermal properties for nanospheres composed of the best (Ag) and most widely used (Au) plasmonic materials as well as for crystalline and amorphous Si, the prototypic high-index dielectric, using polystyrene as a low-index reference material. We calculate trap stability properties for optical tweezers based on high numerical aperture optics (NA = 1.2) for three of the most widely used laser wavelengths (532, 785, and 1064 nm) and for the case of trapping in water. The results reveal the specific particle size ranges for which optical tweezing is possible in two and three dimensions and indicate that crystalline Si nanoparticles trapped using near-infrared laser beams are the optimal choice for temperature-sensitive optical manipulation applications with small particles.
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| 7. |
- Rasheed, Faiza, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling to Understand Plant Protein Structure-Function Relationships-Implications for Seed Storage Proteins
- 2020
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Ingår i: Molecules. - : MDPI. - 1431-5157 .- 1420-3049. ; 25:4
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Proteins are among the most important molecules on Earth. Their structure and aggregation behavior are key to their functionality in living organisms and in protein-rich products. Innovations, such as increased computer size and power, together with novel simulation tools have improved our understanding of protein structure-function relationships. This review focuses on various proteins present in plants and modeling tools that can be applied to better understand protein structures and their relationship to functionality, with particular emphasis on plant storage proteins. Modeling of plant proteins is increasing, but less than 9% of deposits in the Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank come from plant proteins. Although, similar tools are applied as in other proteins, modeling of plant proteins is lagging behind and innovative methods are rarely used. Molecular dynamics and molecular docking are commonly used to evaluate differences in forms or mutants, and the impact on functionality. Modeling tools have also been used to describe the photosynthetic machinery and its electron transfer reactions. Storage proteins, especially in large and intrinsically disordered prolamins and glutelins, have been significantly less well-described using modeling. These proteins aggregate during processing and form large polymers that correlate with functionality. The resulting structure-function relationships are important for processed storage proteins, so modeling and simulation studies, using up-to-date models, algorithms, and computer tools are essential for obtaining a better understanding of these relationships.
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| 8. |
- Öhlund, Gunnar, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Ecological speciation in European whitefish is driven by a large‐gaped predator
- 2020
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Ingår i: Evolution Letters. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2056-3744. ; 4:3, s. 243-256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lake‐dwelling fish that form species pairs/flocks characterized by body size divergence are important model systems for speciation research. Although several sources of divergent selection have been identified in these systems, their importance for driving the speciation process remains elusive. A major problem is that in retrospect, we cannot distinguish selection pressures that initiated divergence from those acting later in the process. To address this issue, we studied the initial stages of speciation in European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) using data from 358 populations of varying age (26–10,000 years). We find that whitefish speciation is driven by a large‐growing predator, the northern pike (Esox lucius). Pike initiates divergence by causing a largely plastic differentiation into benthic giants and pelagic dwarfs: ecotypes that will subsequently develop partial reproductive isolation and heritable differences in gill raker number. Using an eco‐evolutionary model, we demonstrate how pike's habitat specificity and large gape size are critical for imposing a between‐habitat trade‐off, causing prey to mature in a safer place or at a safer size. Thereby, we propose a novel mechanism for how predators may cause dwarf/giant speciation in lake‐dwelling fish species.
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| 9. |
- Capezza, Antonio Jose, et al.
(författare)
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Extrusion of Porous Protein-Based Polymers and Their Liquid Absorption Characteristics
- 2020
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Ingår i: Polymers. - : MDPI. - 2073-4360. ; 12:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The production of porous wheat gluten (WG) absorbent materials by means of extrusion processing is presented for the future development of sustainable superabsorbent polymers (SAPs). Different temperatures, formulations, and WG compositions were used to determine a useful protocol that provides the best combination of porosity and water swelling properties. The most optimal formulation was based on 50 wt.% WG in water that was processed at 80 degrees C as a mixture, which provided a porous core structure with a denser outer shell. As a green foaming agent, food-grade sodium bicarbonate was added during the processing, which allowed the formation of a more open porous material. This extruded WG material was able to swell 280% in water and, due to the open-cell structure, 28% with non-polar limonene. The results are paving the way towards production of porous bio macromolecular structures with high polar/non-polar liquid uptake, using extrusion as a solvent free and energy efficient production technique without toxic reagents.
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| 10. |
- Åstrand, Max, et al.
(författare)
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Underground mine scheduling of mobile machines using Constraint Programming and Large Neighborhood Search
- 2020
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Ingår i: Computers & Operations Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0305-0548 .- 1873-765X. ; 123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Manual short-term scheduling in underground mines is a time-consuming and error-prone activity. In this work, we present a Constraint Programming approach capable of automating the short-term scheduling process in a cut-and-fill mine. The approach extends previous work by accounting for fleet travel times, and thus captures an important aspect of the real-world machine scheduling problem. We introduce two models: one that directly solves the original interruptible scheduling problem, and one that is based on solving a related uninterruptible scheduling problem and transforming its solution back to the original domain. Large Neighborhood Search is also employed with a domain-specific neighborhood definition that helps to find high-quality schedules faster. Problem instances derived from an operational mine are used to demonstrate the efficacy of our approach.
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