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- Johansson, Roger, et al.
(author)
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How encoding-retrieval overlap in gaze positions influences episodic memory accessibility in the “real world”
- 2020
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An extensive body of research has shown that episodic remembering involves spontaneous eye movements that largely reproduce the gaze patterns that were present during encoding (e.g. Brandt & Stark, 1997; Johansson, et al., 2006; 2012; Johansson & Johansson, 2014; Richardson & Spivey, 2000). We have further demonstrated that gaze positions showing compatibility between encoding and retrieval increase the likelihood of successful remembering (Johansson & Johansson, 2014, 2020). However, to date, there is virtually no research on how gaze direction influences episodic remembering outside the laboratory. The aim of the present project was, therefore, to systematically investigate this effect in a “real-world” scenario. In a first experiment, participants (N=40, equipped with a mobile eye tracker) entered a room where they were faced with six framed stimuli at six different locations. Each stimulus comprised a letter in the center and an associated item to the left or right side of this letter. Participants were given 60 s to freely inspect and encode how each letter was associated with the items’ three features (shape, color and location). Participants then exited the room and engaged in a two-minute distracter task before they re-entered the room. They were now faced with the six frames again, but this time only the letter cue was present. They were then given 90 s to orally recall the associated items’ features in a free-recall procedure. For each participant, the same encoding-retrieval procedure was repeated over four rounds. During retrieval, the framed letters were either located in the same location as they were encoded in (congruent) or shuffled around to different locations (incongruent). Results overall replicated our previous lab-finding, with superior retrieval performance in the congruent condition. However, the effect was virtually absent for the participants who faced an incongruent condition in their first round of retrieval. In four follow-up experiments, we manipulated the number of congruent and incongruent frames within trials over the four rounds (0, 2, 4 or 6 congruent frames) and also introduced different degrees of interference between associated items. Interference was created by using two exemplars of each shape and each color instead of using unique shapes and unique colors across stimuli frames. In effect, this creates a situation where there are overlapping and competing features between items across frames. Collectively, the results from those follow-up experiments revealed that the congruency benefit is dependent on both contextual expectation and the need to handle interference from competing memories. Specifically, we show that the expectation of how relevant the spatial context is for the retrieval task can be both up- and down-regulated depending on previous rounds and that the congruency effect increases in accordance with the need to handle interference from competing memories. Those findings are further qualified by data from participants’ gaze patterns. In sum, we extend previous work by demonstrating that facilitatory effects of gaze direction on episodic remembering generalize to “real-world” scenarios, and we present novel findings that shed light on the underlying mechanisms.
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| 3. |
- Viklund Tallgren, Mikael, 1983, et al.
(author)
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Collaborative Scheduling with 4D extended to Virtual Reality
- 2020
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In: Enabling the Development and Implementation of Digital Twins: Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Construction Applications of Virtual Reality. ; , s. 73-85
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Construction planning and scheduling processes have been relatively unchanged until the last decades when 4D-planning has been promoted along with the rise of Building Information Modeling (BIM). Some 4D-systems have been developed for visualising schedules rather than to aid in the actual creation of the schedule. In contrast, some scheduling software in more recent years has been enhanced with 4D-modeling capabilities. Furthermore, the use of BIM-viewers during scheduling partly enables both design and schedule review before construction. This paper aims to show how an alternative approach to 4D-modelling could be used to produce schedules. The paper presents a prototype software for planning and scheduling where the production-schedule is created directly from the model in a lean construction Last Planner manner from the building components. Findings from evaluations of the prototype indicate a move of 4D-modelling from a passive visualisation to an active modelling process. This move enables knowledge to be created and exchanged in the social co-creation context of the 4D-schedule by the stakeholders. The co-creation and understanding can be further enhanced with the extension into virtual reality using head-mounted displays where the 4D-schedule can be created and reviewed directly.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Malin, et al.
(author)
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A Continuous-time LPV model for battery state-of-health estimation using real vehicle data
- 2020
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In: CCTA 2020 - 4th IEEE Conference on Control Technology and Applications. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. ; , s. 692-698
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- One approach for State-of-health estimation onboard electric vehicles is to train a data-driven virtual battery on operational data and use this model, rather than the actual battery, for performance tests. A temperature-dependent continuous-time output-error (OE) model is proposed as virtual battery and identified and validated on real operational data from electric buses. The proposed model is compared to discrete-time and parameter-invariant models and shows better performance on all data sets. In addition, the OE model structure is shown to be superior to a conventional Auto Regressive eXogenous (ARX) model for the purpose of modeling the battery voltage response. Finally, challenges regarding vehicle log data are identified and improvements to the model are suggested in order to capture observed un-modeled phenomena.
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| 6. |
- Chavez, Zuhara, et al.
(author)
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Digital Tools and Information Needs Assessment for Efficient Deviation Handling in SMEs
- 2020
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In: Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering at SPS2020. - : IOS Press BV. - 9781614994398 ; , s. 24-35
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In a time of change focusing on the application of technology, there is a high risk of underestimating the compliance of internal needs and adaption to context. The research study employs a qualitative approach using the case study methodology. The source of data comes from five different manufacturing companies categorized as Small to Medium Size Enterprises (SMEs). A multidisciplinary team performed semi-structured interviews and fieldwork at each site, along with regular online meetings with the partners. The study employs five dimensions of the information quality perspective to assess information utilized to support deviation handling and connects the information quality deficiencies to the digital tools' impact. The empirical findings indicate the need for the companies to perform a requirement analysis of information needs before the adoption of digital systems or digital tools, to assess their current state in terms of data and information. The paper discusses the impact digital tools may have on deviation management in SMEs and under which circumstances digital tools could improve deviation management. Lastly, this paper intends to shed light on the utilization of digital technologies for disturbance handling on the production shop floor. © 2020 The authors
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| 7. |
- Johansson, Peter, Associate professor, 1978-, et al.
(author)
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Disrupting the research process
- 2020
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In: LUT Scientific and Expertise Publications. - 9789523354661
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- As the research process, i.e. how researchers conduct research, may be disrupted by Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based tools, this research in progress stresses the need for research on the future role of researchers. Prior research on AI-based tools used in the research process, focuses primarily on technological development related to, for example, language recognition, text extraction, and paper summaries. Recently, scientific texts are generated by AI. In this research in progress, four sub-areas of interest are identified: Black-box dilemma. What part or parts of the research process, if any, can trustfully be replaced by AI-based tools? Quality. What is required for AI-based tools to become an integrated part of the research process? Benefits/limitations. What are the potential benefits and limitations with AI-based tools as an integrated part of the research process? Progress in use: What is the progress of the use and development of AI-based tools for research? Research design, potential contribution, and practical implications of this research are discussed.
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| 8. |
- Mai, Vien V., et al.
(author)
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Convergence of a stochastic gradient method with momentum for non-smooth non-convex optimization
- 2020
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In: 37th International Conference on Machine Learning, ICML 2020. - : International Machine Learning Society (IMLS). ; , s. 6576-6585
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Stochastic gradient methods with momentum are widely used in applications and at the core of optimization subroutines in many popular machine learning libraries. However, their sample complexities have not been obtained for problems beyond those that are convex or smooth. This paper establishes the convergence rate of a stochastic subgradient method with a momentum term of Polyak type for a broad class of non-smooth, non-convex, and constrained optimization problems. Our key innovation is the construction of a special Lyapunov function for which the proven complexity can be achieved without any tuning of the momentum parameter. For smooth problems, we extend the known complexity bound to the constrained case and demonstrate how the unconstrained case can be analyzed under weaker assumptions than the state-of-The-Art. Numerical results confirm our theoretical developments.
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| 10. |
- Sundquist, Viktoria, 1976, et al.
(author)
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BIM in construction production: Gains and hinders for firms, projects and industry
- 2020
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In: ARCOM 2020 - Association of Researchers in Construction Management, 36th Annual Conference 2020 - Proceedings. ; 2020, s. 505-514
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The construction industry strives to implement digitalization and Building Information Modelling (BIM). Studies of BIM in construction claim that a pronounced BIM strategy, knowledge of the subject and a willingness to change are important factors to succeed, but even when such conditions are in place, BIM implementation in construction production is scant and has limited impact. So how should the construction industry go from grand digital visions to practical application in reality? By identifying gains, obstacles and success factors on company, project and sector levels the paper aims to set out a road map for successful BIM implementation in construction production. Data sets, both qualitative and quantitative from eleven studies of using BIM in construction production, show that although the industry is making progresses in implementing BIM and digitalization, the full potential is far from realised. Specifically, the research presents an analysis of factors in relation to (1) strategy and innovation, (2) technology, (3) organizing, and (4) ecosystem. Conclusively, all these levels are strongly interdependent and need to be considered by adopting a holistic approach to reach an enhanced implementation.
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