| 1. |
- Berndtsson, Emilia, et al.
(författare)
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Side Streams of Broccoli Leaves: A Climate Smart and Healthy Food Ingredient
- 2020
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Ingår i: International journal of environmental research and public health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human consumption of fruits and vegetables are generally below recommended levels. Waste from the production, e.g., of un-used parts such as broccoli leaves and stem when producing broccoli florets for food, is a sustainability issue. In this study, broccoli leaves were analyzed for the content of various dietary fibre and phenolics, applying the Uppsala method and HPLC analyses, respectively. The results showed that broccoli leaves had comparable levels of dietary fibre (26%-32% of dry weight (DW)) and phenolic compounds (6.3-15.2 mg/g DW) to many other food and vegetables considered valuable in the human diet from a health perspective. A significant positive correlation was found among soluble dietary fibre and phenolic acids indicating possible bindings between these components. Seasonal variations affected mainly the content of conjugated phenolics, and the content of insoluble dietary fibre. This study verified the importance of the use of broccoli production side streams (leaves) as they may contribute with health promoting components to the human diet and also socio-economic and environmental benefits to the bioeconomic development in the society.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Herbert, Roger, et al.
(författare)
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Bakgrundshalter av metaller i svenska inlands- och kustvatten
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I tillämpningen av Vattendirektivet i Sverige kommer miljökvalitetsnormer att sättas både för prioriterade och andra ämnen enligt ett dotterdirektiv till Vattendirektivet. Hänsyn kommer att tas till bakgrundshalterna av de ämnen som förekommer naturligt, och det är därför av stor betydelse att fastställa sådana bakgrundshalter. Syftet med denna studie är att utifrån befintliga data ta fram bakgrundshalter för metaller i svenska sjöar, vattendrag, kustvatten och hav. Termen bakgrundshalt i denna studie syftar på en regional bakgrundshalt som är typiskt för vatten som är opåverkat av punktutsläpp eller försurning, men kan ha påverkats av depositionen av förbränningsrester från fossila och andra bränslen samt av diffusa utsläpp från jord- och skogsbruk. Regionala bakgrundshalter kan anses vara nutida bakgrundshalter, och gäller för en viss region och/eller vattentyp. Bakgrundshalter för metaller i vattendrag och sjöar fastställdes efter inventering och kvalitetssäkring av mätdata samt inventering av punktutsläppskällor. Bakgrundshalter för metaller i kustvatten och hav fastställdes efter en enklare kvalitetssäkring. I enlighet med Naturvårdsverkets indelningskriterier för limniska typer redovisas bakgrundshalter för metaller i vattendrag och sjöar för alla sju limniska ekoregioner i Sverige, med ytterligare indelningar baserade på hydromorfologiska egenskaper (humus- och kalkhalt). Bakgrundshalten av en metall i en viss limnisk ekoregion och klass beräknades som 50- percentilen (medianvärdet) av alla mätvärden för den metallen inom samma klassning. Efter kvalitetsgranskning och jämförelsen med MIFO-objekt (dvs punktutsläppskällor) reducerades den ursprungliga databasen med 613 vattendragsstationer och 454 sjöstationer till 453 respektive 444 stationer. Efter ytterligare granskning användes slutligen mätdata från 430 vattendragsstationer och 438 sjöstationer för bestämning av bakgrundshalter. För beräkning av bakgrundshalter i kust- och havsvatten användes 245 mätpunkter, varav 49 i kustzonen och resten i öppet hav. Resultaten från bestämningen av bakgrundshalter i sjöar visar att humushalt och kalkhalt (och därmed pH) har generellt sett stor inverkan på metallhalterna. De högsta bakgrundshalterna av metaller sammanfaller ofta med sura sjöar. Kalkfattiga humusrika sjöar har i allmänhet högre bakgrundshalter av Fe än kalkfattiga humusfattiga sjöar, vilket tyder på ett samband mellan humus- och järnhalt. Vissa metaller såsom Co, Cr och V visar samvariation med Fe i dessa humusrika kalkfattiga sjöar. En jämförelse med de tidigare regionala bakgrundshalterna för sjöar i norra och södra Sverige visar att många av de nyräknade bakgrundshalterna ligger högre än de tidigare halterna. Analyserna visar relativt stora skillnader i metallhalter mellan vattendrag i norra och södra Sverige. Medianhalter i norra Sverige ligger mer än 50% lägre än halterna i södra Sverige, vilket kan förklaras främst med mindre luftdeposition i norra Sverige. De högsta bakgrundshalterna har beräknats för främst kalkhaltiga vattendrag i sydost och södra Sverige (ekoregion 4 och 5), med vissa undantag. Relativt höga regionala bakgrundshalter för Cr, Cu, Ni och Zn har beräknats för kalkrika vattendrag i sydöstra Sverige (ekoregion 4), där vissa vattendrag kan beskrivas som slättlandsåar. Beräknade bakgrundshalter av metaller i kustvatten och havsvatten visar att det finns stor variabilitet i främst Mn- och Zn-halter, där skillnaden mellan 25:e- och 75:e-percentilen uppgår till mer än en tiopotens. En jämförelse av halter mellan filtrerade och ofiltrerade prover från Egentliga Östersjön tyder på att en stor andel av de undersökta metallerna i ofiltrerat havsvatten är partikelbundna. Detta kan förklara den stora variabiliten i främst Mnoch Zn-, men också i Cd-, Co-, Fe- och Hg-halter. För att i framtiden kunna beräkna bakgrundshalter för kustområden, Västerhavet och Bottenhavet samt för att få en bättre bild av halterna i Egentliga Östersjön behövs omfattande provtagningar och analyser med enhetliga metoder
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| 4. |
- Iversen, Kia Noehr, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Appetite and Subsequent Food Intake Were Unaffected by the Amount of Sourdough and Rye in Soft Bread-A Randomized Cross-Over Breakfast Study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6643 .- 2072-6643. ; 10:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sourdough fermented bread has been suggested to have beneficial health effects, in part mediated by increased satiety in the postprandial phase, but only limited research has been conducted to verify this. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of the amounts of sourdough and rye in soft bread on postprandial appetite. On 6 occasions, 23 healthy volunteers consumed 5 different test breads, with varying amount of rye and sourdough, and a yeast-fermented refined wheat control bread as part of a breakfast meal. The sourdough ranged between 9⁻51% of dough weight and rye content between 35⁻48% of flour weight. Appetite was recorded using visual analogue scales from immediately before breakfast and every 30 min the following 4 h. An ad libitum lunch was served 4 h after the breakfast meal, from which voluntary energy intake was measured. While some of the test breads resulted in lower hunger ratings and increased sense of fullness compared to the refined wheat bread, there were no differences between the test breads. The content of rye in the test breads differed within a narrow range, which might explain the lack of a consistent effect of rye on appetite. Microstructural examination of the test breads showed an increased aggregation of proteins in the breads with high content of sourdough, indicating additional changes to the breads, beyond change in pH, which may counteract the potential effect of decreased pH in the bread on appetite. In conclusion, our study does not support an effect of sourdough on appetite and ad libitum food intake.
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| 5. |
- Menzel, Carolin, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular structure of citric acid cross-linked starch films
- 2013
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Ingår i: Carbohydrate Polymers. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0144-8617 .- 1879-1344. ; 96:2, s. 270-276
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of citric acid (CA) on starch films has been examined. A new method to detect cross-linkingof starch by CA in solution-cast films by molecular weight measurements is described. Furthermore, wemanaged to distinguished between free, mono- and di-esterified CA and quantify di-ester content withinstarch films by using a modification in the method of complexometric titration with copper(II)-sulfate.Cross-linking of starch by CA occurred at low temperature, 70◦C, which we assumed is so far the lowesttemperature reported where cross-linking reaction occurred. This is essential for starch coating applica-tions within paper industry since no high temperatures for curing will be required. However, curing at150◦C and high CA concentrations, 30 pph, increased cross-linking reaction. Furthermore, the physicalproperties like water solubility, gel content and glass transition temperature, were highly reflected bychanges in the molecular structure i.e. cross-linking and hydrolysis, as well as CA content and curingtemperature.
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| 6. |
- Johansson, Ann-Christine, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of co-refining of fast pyrolysis oil from Salix via catalytic cracking and hydroprocessing
- 2023
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Ingår i: Biomass and Bioenergy. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0961-9534 .- 1873-2909. ; 172
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lignocellulosic biomass from energy crops, i.e., short rotation coppice willows such as Salix spp., can be used as feedstock for production of transportation biofuels. Biomass conversion via fast pyrolysis followed by co-refining with fossil oil in existing refinery infrastructure could enable a fast introduction of large-scale production of biofuels. In this study, Salix was first liquefied using ablative fast pyrolysis in a pilot scale unit. The resulting pyrolysis oil, rich in oxygenates, was thereafter co-refined in 20 wt% ratio with fossil feedstock using two separate technologies, a fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) laboratory unit and a continuous slurry hydroprocessing pilot plant. In the FCC route, the pyrolysis oil was cracked at 798 K using a commercial FCC catalyst at atmospheric pressure, while in the hydroprocessing route, the oil was processed at 693 K and a hydrogen pressure of 15 MPa in the presence of an unsupported molybdenum sulfide catalyst. Both routes resulted in significant deoxygenation (97 wt% versus 93 wt%). It is feasible to co-refine pyrolysis oil using both methods, the main difference being that the hydroprocessing results in a significantly higher biogenic carbon yield from the pyrolysis oil to liquid and gaseous hydrocarbon products (92 wt%) but would in turn require input of H2. In the cracking route, besides the liquid product, a significant part of the biogenic carbon ends up as gas and as coke on the catalyst. The choice of route depends, among other factors, on the available amount of bio-oil and refining infrastructures. © 2023 The Authors
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| 7. |
- Johansson, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Larger particle size of oat bran inhibits degradation and lowers extractability of β-glucan in sourdough bread – Potential implications for cholesterol-lowering properties in vivo
- 2018
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Ingår i: Food Hydrocolloids. - : Elsevier BV. - 0268-005X .- 1873-7137. ; 77, s. 49-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increased digesta viscosity is considered the mechanism underlying the cholesterol-lowering effect of oat β-glucan. Viscosity is mainly related to the molecular weight and concentration of solubilized β-glucan in the digesta and these should therefore be maintained at sufficiently high levels. Bread that includes oat bran is a potential source of β-glucan, but the baking process leads to degradation by β-glucanases present in the flours. In the current study, we investigated the effect of fermentation time as well as of particle size and content of oat bran in breads on the molecular weight, solubility and extract viscosity of β-glucan. Furthermore, we estimated the potential of the breads to have a cholesterol-lowering effect by comparison of molecular weight, solubility and extract viscosity of β-glucan with those of products known to have an effect in vivo. Longer fermentation time and smaller particles were found to lead to lower molecular weight of β-glucan. However, smaller particles also increased its extractability, leading to an overall increase in extract viscosities compared with coarse particles. Bread with the inclusion of 30% finely-milled, but not coarse oat bran was found to induce extract viscosity with the potential of producing a cholesterol-lowering effect despite more degraded β-glucan.
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| 8. |
- Johansson, Emma M., et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative analysis of soluble exudates produced by ectomycorrhizal roots as a response to ambient and elevated CO2
- 2009
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Ingår i: Soil Biology and Biochemistry. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0038-0717 .- 1879-3428. ; 41:6, s. 1111-1116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite its potential impact on soil carbon flow, few studies have attempted to quantify the effects of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) on production of exudates by mycorrhizal plants. In this study we quantified low molecular weight (LMW) organic compounds exuded by non-mycorrhizal (NM) and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) plants in relation to exposure to elevated CO2. Scots pine seedlings, either colonized by one of eight different ECM fungi or non-mycorrhizal (NM), were exposed to either ambient (350 ppm) or elevated (700 ppm) concentrations of CO2. Exudation of LMW organic acids (LMWOAs), amino acids, dissolved monosaccharides and total dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was determined and exudation rates were calculated per g root and fungal dry mass. CO2 had a significant impact on exudation. Under elevated CO2, exudation of total LMWOAs increased by 120–160%, amino acids by 250%, dissolved monosaccharides by 130–270% and DOC by 180–220% compared to ambient CO2 treatment. Net CO2 assimilation rates increased significantly by 41–47% for seedlings exposed to elevated CO2. Exuded C calculated as a percentage of assimilated CO2 increased by 41–88% in the elevated CO2 treatment compared to ambient CO2 treatment.
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| 9. |
- Olsson, Erik, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of pH on hydrolysis, cross-linking and barrier properties of starch barriers containing citric acid
- 2013
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Ingår i: Carbohydrate Polymers. - : Elsevier BV. - 0144-8617 .- 1879-1344. ; 98:2, s. 1505-1513
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Green cross-linking of thermoplastic starch for food packaging applications has been intensely studied during the last decade as a method of producing water-insensitive renewable barriers. This work has shown how the barrier properties of paper coated with a barrier dispersion containing starch and citric acid were affected by the solution pH and the drying temperature. The barrier properties of the coated paper were linked to molecular properties showing both hydrolysis and cross-linking reaction of starch in the presence of citric acid at different solution pH and different reaction temperatures (curing) on cast films. Hydrolysis was shown to be almost completely hindered at solution pH ≥4 at curing temperatures ≤ 105 °C and at pH ≥ 5 at curing temperatures ≤150 °C, whereas cross-linking still occurred to some extent at pH ≤ 6.5 and drying temperatures as low as 70 °C. The water vapor transmission rate was significantly affected by the competition between these two reactions. Coated paper showed a minimum in water vapor transmission rate at pH was kept around 4 in the starch coating solution, corresponding to the point where hydrolysis was effectively hindered but where a significant degree of cross-linking still occurred.
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| 10. |
- Rönnberg Wästljung, Ann-Christin, et al.
(författare)
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Optimized utilization of Salix—Perspectives for the genetic improvement toward sustainable biofuel value chains
- 2022
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology Bioenergy. - : John Wiley and Sons Inc. - 1757-1693 .- 1757-1707. ; 14:10, s. 1128-144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bioenergy will be one of the most important renewable energy sources in the conversion from fossil fuels to bio-based products. Short rotation coppice Salix could be a key player in this conversion since Salix has rapid growth, positive energy balance, easy to manage cultivation system with vegetative propagation of plant material and multiple harvests from the same plantation. The aim of the present paper is to provide an overview of the main challenges and key issues in willow genetic improvement toward sustainable biofuel value chains. Primarily based on results from the research project “Optimized Utilization of Salix” (OPTUS), the influence of Salix wood quality on the potential for biofuel use is discussed, followed by issues related to the conversion of Salix biomass into liquid and gaseous transportation fuels. Thereafter, the studies address genotypic influence on soil carbon sequestration in Salix plantations, as well as on soil carbon dynamics and climate change impacts. Finally, the opportunities for plant breeding are discussed using willow as a resource for sustainable biofuel production. Substantial phenotypic and genotypic variation was reported for different wood quality traits important in biological (i.e., enzymatic and anaerobic) and thermochemical conversion processes, which is a prerequisite for plant breeding. Furthermore, different Salix genotypes can affect soil carbon sequestration variably, and life cycle assessment illustrates that these differences can result in different climate mitigation potential depending on genotype. Thus, the potential of Salix plantations for sustainable biomass production and its conversion into biofuels is shown. Large genetic variation in various wood and biomass traits, important for different conversion processes and carbon sequestration, provides opportunities to enhance the sustainability of the production system via plant breeding. This includes new breeding targets in addition to traditional targets for high yield to improve biomass quality and carbon sequestration potential. © 2022 The Authors.
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