| 1. |
- Bräutigam, Marcus, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Development of Swedish winter oat with gene technology and molecular breeding
- 2006
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Ingår i: J. Seed Science. - 0039-6990. ; 116:1-2, s. 12-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Sweden, oat (Avena sativa) is only grown as a spring crop. A Swedish winter oat, on the other hand, would give increased yields and would secure oat in Swedish agriculture. During three consecutive winters we performed field trials with oat aiming at identifying potential winter material. More than 300 varieties, originating from breeding programs all over the world, were tested. Plants were rated according to winter survival, vigour and general performance during the following growth season and more than 20 lines were identified that were cold hardier than present commercial oat varieties. In parallel experiments a cDNA library was constructed from cold induced English winter oat (Gerald) and ca 10000 EST sequences were generated. After data mining a UniGene set of 2800 oat genes was obtained. By detailed analysis of microarray data from cold stressed Arabidopsis and by advanced bioinformatics, gene interactions in the complex cold induced signal transduction pathway were deduced. By comparison to the oat UniGene set, several genes potentially involved in the regulation of cold hardiness in oat were identified. An Agrobacterium mediated transformation protocol was developed for one oat genotype. Key regulatory genes in cold acclimation will be introduced to oat by genetic transformation or modified by TILLING. Such genes will be used as molecular markers in intogression of winter hardiness to commercial oat.
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| 2. |
- Herlitz, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Suspicion and treatment of severe sepsis : An overview of the prehospital chain of care
- 2012
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine. - : BioMed Central. - 1757-7241. ; 20:42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundSepsis is a life-threatening condition where the risk of death has been reported to be even higher than that associated with the major complications of atherosclerosis, i.e. myocardial infarction and stroke. In all three conditions, early treatment could limit organ dysfunction and thereby improve the prognosis.AimTo describe what has been published in the literature a/ with regard to the association between delay until start of treatment and outcome in sepsis with the emphasis on the pre-hospital phase and b/ to present published data and the opportunity to improve various links in the pre-hospital chain of care in sepsis.MethodsA literature search was performed on the PubMed, Embase (Ovid SP) and Cochrane Library databases.ResultsIn overall terms, we found a small number of articles (n=12 of 1,162 unique hits) which addressed the prehospital phase. For each hour of delay until the start of antibiotics, the prognosis appeared to become worse. However, there was no evidence that prehospital treatment improved the prognosis.Studies indicated that about half of the patients with severe sepsis used the emergency medical service (EMS) for transport to hospital. Patients who used the EMS experienced a shorter delay to treatment with antibiotics and the start of early goal-directed therapy (EGDT). Among EMS-transported patients, those in whom the EMS staff already suspected sepsis at the scene had a shorter delay to treatment with antibiotics and the start of EGDT.There are insufficient data on other links in the prehospital chain of care, i.e. patients, bystanders and dispatchers.ConclusionSevere sepsis is a life-threatening condition. Previous studies suggest that, with every hour of delay until the start of antibiotics, the prognosis deteriorates. About half of the patients use the EMS. We need to know more about the present situation with regard to the different links in the prehospital chain of care in sepsis.
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| 3. |
- Bakidou, Anna, 1996, et al.
(författare)
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On Scene Injury Severity Prediction (OSISP) model for trauma developed using the Swedish Trauma Registry
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making. - 1472-6947. ; 23:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Providing optimal care for trauma, the leading cause of death for young adults, remains a challenge e.g., due to field triage limitations in assessing a patient’s condition and deciding on transport destination. Data-driven On Scene Injury Severity Prediction (OSISP) models for motor vehicle crashes have shown potential for providing real-time decision support. The objective of this study is therefore to evaluate if an Artificial Intelligence (AI) based clinical decision support system can identify severely injured trauma patients in the prehospital setting. Methods: The Swedish Trauma Registry was used to train and validate five models – Logistic Regression, Random Forest, XGBoost, Support Vector Machine and Artificial Neural Network – in a stratified 10-fold cross validation setting and hold-out analysis. The models performed binary classification of the New Injury Severity Score and were evaluated using accuracy metrics, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and Precision-Recall curve (AUCPR), and under- and overtriage rates. Results: There were 75,602 registrations between 2013–2020 and 47,357 (62.6%) remained after eligibility criteria were applied. Models were based on 21 predictors, including injury location. From the clinical outcome, about 40% of patientswere undertriaged and 46% were overtriaged. Models demonstrated potential for improved triaging and yielded AUC between 0.80–0.89 and AUCPR between 0.43–0.62. Conclusions: AI based OSISP models have potential to provide support during assessment of injury severity. The findings may be used for developing tools to complement field triage protocols, with potential to improve prehospital trauma care and thereby reduce morbidity and mortality for a large patient population.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Capitao Patrao, Alexandre, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Compact heat exchangers for hydrogen-fueled aero engine intercooling and recuperation
- 2024
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Ingår i: Applied Thermal Engineering. - 1359-4311. ; 243
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates the application of compact heat exchangers for the purpose of intercooling and recuperation systems for short-to-medium range aircraft equipped with hydrogen-fueled turbofan engines. The primary objective is to assess the potential effects of engine-integrated compact heat exchangers on fuel consumption and emissions. The paper encompasses the conceptual design of integrated heat exchangers and associated ducts, followed by aerodynamic optimization studies to identify suitable designs that minimize air-side pressure losses and ensure flow uniformity at the inlet of the high-pressure compressor. Pressure drop correlations are then established for selected duct designs and incorporated into a system-level performance model, allowing for a comparison of their impact on specific fuel consumption, NOx emissions, and fuel burn against an uncooled baseline engine. The intercooled-recuperated engine resulted in the most significant improvement in take-off specific fuel consumption, with a reduction of up to 7.7% compared to the baseline uncooled engine, whereas the best intercooled engine resulted in an improvement of about 4%. Furthermore, the best configuration demonstrated a decrease in NOx emissions by up to 37% at take-off and a reduction in mission fuel burn by 5.5%. These enhancements were attributed to reduced compression work, pre-heating of the hydrogen fuel, and lower high-pressure compressor outlet temperatures.
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| 6. |
- Capitao Patrao, Alexandre, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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The heat transfer potential of compressor vanes on a hydrogen fueled turbofan engine
- 2024
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Ingår i: Applied Thermal Engineering. - 1359-4311. ; 236
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hydrogen is a promising fuel for future aviation due to its CO2-free combustion. In addition, its excellent cooling properties as it is heated from cryogenic conditions to the appropriate combustion temperatures provides a multitude of opportunities. This paper investigates the heat transfer potential of stator surfaces in a modern high-speed low-pressure compressor by incorporating cooling channels within the stator vane surfaces, where hydrogen is allowed to flow and cool the engine core air. Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations were carried out to assess the aerothermal performance of this cooled compressor and were compared to heat transfer correlations. A core air temperature drop of 9.5 K was observed for this cooling channel design while being relatively insensitive to the thermal conductivity of the vane and cooling channel wall thickness. The thermal resistance was dominated by the air-side convective heat transfer, and more surface area on the air-side would therefore be required in order to increase overall heat flow. While good agreement with established heat transfer correlations was found for both turbulent and transitional flow, the correlation for the transitional case yielded decent accuracy only as long as the flow remains attached, and while transition was dominated by the bypass mode. A system level analysis, indicated a limited but favorable impact at engine performance level, amounting to a specific fuel consumption improvement of up to 0.8 % in cruise and an estimated reduction of 3.6 % in cruise NOx. The results clearly show that, although it is possible to achieve high heat transfer rate per unit area in compressor vanes, the impact on cycle performance is constrained by the limited available wetted area in the low-pressure compressor.
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| 7. |
- Dykin, Victor, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Qualitative and quantitative investigation of the propagation noise in various reactor systems
- 2014
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Ingår i: Progress in Nuclear Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0149-1970. ; 70, s. 98-111
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The space-dependent neutron noise, induced by propagating perturbations (propagation noise for short) is investigated in a one-dimensional homogeneous model of various reactor systems. By using two-group theory, the noise in both the fast and the thermal group is calculated. The purpose is to investigate the dependence of the properties of the space-dependent fast and thermal propagation noise on the static neutron spectrum as well as on the presence of the fluctuations of several cross sections. The motivation for this study arose in connection with recent work on neutron noise in molten salt reactors (MSR) with propagating fuel of various compositions. Some new features of the induced noise were observed, but it was not clear whether these were due to the propagating perturbation alone, or to the propagation of the fuel and hence that of the delayed neutron precursors. The present study serves to clarify the significance of the spectral properties of the different cores through calculating the propagation noise in four different reactor systems, as well as considering the influence of the perturbation of the various cross sections. By comparing the results with those obtained in MSR, the effect of the moving fuel on the propagation noise is clarified. It is shown that in fast systems the noise in the fast group is much larger than in the thermal group and hence can gain diagnostic importance. It is also shown that the coexistence of several cross section fluctuations leads to qualitatively and quantitatively new characteristics of the noise, hence it is important to model the effect of e.g. temperature fluctuations of the coolant in a proper way. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
- Eng, Matthias, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of Particle Cloud Height Dynamics in a Stirred Tank
- 2016
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Ingår i: AICHE Journal. - : Wiley. - 1547-5905 .- 0001-1541. ; 62:1, s. 338-348
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Local and temporal variations of the particle cloud formed in a cylindrical mixing vessel were investigated experimentally. Different particle sizes (0.5, 1, and 2 mm) and volumetric concentration up to 20 vol % were evaluated at different impeller speeds. The time-averaged cloud height was linear with impeller frequency and with volume concentration. Suspensions with larger particles had a lower average cloud height, while the standard deviation for the temporal cloud height variation was larger. Two strong periodic phenomena were identified to be dominating the particle cloud height variations. The frequencies were linear with impeller speed, resulting in dimensionless frequencies of S-1 = 0.02-0.03 and S-2 = 0.05-0.06. The frequencies were affected by neither the particle size nor the volumetric concentration. The amplitude showed no dependency on the particle size, but the S-2 amplitude significantly decreases and S-1 increases with increasing solid concentration. The results were compared to LES/discrete element method simulations and showed a fair agreement.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Hagiwara, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Decision support system in prehospital care: a randomized controlled simulation study
- 2013
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Ingår i: American Journal of Emergency Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0735-6757 .- 1532-8171. ; 31:1, s. 145-153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Prehospital emergency medicine is a challenging discipline characterized by a high level of acuity, a lack of clinical information and a wide range of clinical conditions. These factors contribute to the fact that prehospital emergency medicine is a high-risk discipline in terms of medical errors. Prehospital use of Computerized Decision Support System (CDSS) may be a way to increase patient safety but very few studies evaluate the effect in prehospital care. The aim of the present study is to evaluate a CDSS. Methods: In this non-blind block randomized, controlled trial, 60 ambulance nurses participated, randomized into 2 groups. To compensate for an expected learning effect the groups was further divided in two groups, one started with case A and the other group started with case B. The intervention group had access to and treated the two simulated patient cases with the aid of a CDSS. The control group treated the same cases with the aid of a regional guideline in paper format. The performance that was measured was compliance with regional prehospital guidelines and On Scene Time (OST). Results: There was no significant difference in the two group's characteristics. The intervention group had a higher compliance in the both cases, 80% vs. 60% (p<0.001) but the control group was complete the cases in the half of the time compare to the intervention group (p<0.001). Conclusion: The results indicate that this CDSS increases the ambulance nurses' compliance with regional prehospital guidelines but at the expense of an increase in OST.
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