| 1. |
- Bergkvist, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Carbon Sequestration Potential f Agroforestry Systems For Phytoremediation In Chinandega, Nicaragua
- 2018
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Ingår i: Linnaeus Eco-Tech 2018. ; , s. 211-211
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere have increased to earlier unrecorded levels, causing global climate change that increases GMT and threaten ecosystems and livelihoods. IPCC report suggest that agroforestry offers considerable carbon sequestration (c seq.) potential, especially for developing countries. The purpose of this study is to estimate the c seq. potential in different agroforestry systems suitable in Chinandega, Nicaragua - a deforested region where the ground is polluted by toxaphene and other POP:s. Three scenarios where studied; Shading system using Tectona grandis and Pogostemon cablin; Alley cropping using Erythrina poeppigiana and Ricinus communis and Silvopasture using Cordia alliodora and Brachiaria ruziziensis, the last scenario being divided into two subscenarios; unmanaged (grazed) and managed (harvested) grass. Calculations were performed using the modelling program CO2FIX v. 3.2, with a runtime of 100 years and assuming deforested area with no previous land use. Results show a significantly higher c seq. potential in Shading system (168/217 MgC/ha). Alley cropping yields 71 MgC/ha and Silvopasture results in 80/84 MgC/ha unmanaged and 65/70 MgC/ha managed. The higher number includes products from harvest. All scenarios show fluctuations over time due to thinning and harvesting practices. Phytoremediation potential of POPs has been shown in Ricinus communis and grass species. Soil c seq. is especially important to consider in longterm scenarios as this c seq. can be sustained over longer time. The inclusion of crop residue, the effect of grazing animals or changes in density of trees and crops and environmental fate of the toxic compounds need further assessment before considering large scale applications. Agroforestry practices could contribute to several benefits, including climate change mitigation and phytoremediation.
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| 2. |
- Dupaul, Gabriel, et al.
(författare)
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Fiberbanks as substrate and feedstock for biological remediation : A practical analytical method development for organic pollutants analysis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Book of Abstracts. - : ABA Publishing. - 9789189081031
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fiberbanksfrom the pulp and paper industry are typically contaminated with a wide range ofchlorinated aromatic and aliphatic toxins such as HCB and other chlorinated benzenes, PCB,HCH, DDT, PCDD, PCDF and Chlorophenols. This poses a formidable challenge for theanalyst to develop appropriate analytical methodology for the monitoring of the progress ofremediation.In preparation to this undertaking, an examination of a practical analytical method using oneextraction method, one clean-up and one analysis method for the aforementioned targetcompounds found in the fibrous sediment. This method was performed using acceleratedsolvent extraction (ASE), a modified silica gel column and GC-FID/ECD. Additionally,an assessment of the levels of organic pollutants was conducted,with the purposeofmeasuringthe potential alteration in contaminantswhenfreeze-drying, air-drying andautoclavingpretreatments are applied to the sediment samples, prior to be used as a media forbiological remediation.The results showed that the ASE is a very fast and reliable method of extraction, with yieldscomparableorhigher than the reference Soxhlet extraction method. Theactivatedsilica gelcolumn demonstrated adequate purification of the sediment extract for analysisusingthe twodetectors, FID and ECD, whichwere able to identify the target analytes fromonlyone purifiedextract. The method employed in this study has the potentialto reduceboth processing timeand materialusedfor analytical sample preparation. Lastly, some modifications inconcentrations anddistribution of target analyteswere revealedin thesediments pre-treated byautoclave and air-driedwhencompared withthefreeze-dried sediments, which can helpunderstanding the development of the biological remediation process.
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| 5. |
- Haller, Henrik, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Polluted lignocellulose waste as a resource for marketable products
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings Linnaeus ECO-TECH 2020. - 9789189081031
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fiberbanks and fiber-rich sediments are legacies of the previously unregulated wastewater discharge from the pulp and paper industry that have accumulated large quantities of toxic organic waste on the Baltic Sea floor and on the bottom of rivers and lakes. Several km2 are covered with deposits of fibrous residues that are, typically, heavily polluted with a number of organic and inorganic substances, posing a serious threat to human and ecological health. High toxicity and the large volume of the polluted material are challenges for remediation endeavors. However, since the fibrous material is a bioresource with a high energy density, the sheer quantity of it could appeal to commercialization as feedstock for various marketable products. This study sets out to explore the potential of using this polluted material as a resource for industrial production, by reviewing and synthesizing data about modern production methods or reuse alternatives for lignocellulose material that can be adapted to a polluted feedstock. Biochemical methods such as composting, anaerobic digestion, as well as, thermochemical methods, for instance, HTC, HTL, pyrolysis, gasification etc. have been assessed. Potential end products from fiber bank material include biochar, liquid and gaseous biofuels, growth media, and fatty acids and proteins produced by white-rot fungi.
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| 6. |
- Haller, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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TURNING WASTE INTO A RESOURCE FOR REMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL IN TROPICAL DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
- 2012
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Ingår i: PROCEEDINGS LINNAEUS ECO-TECH 2012. ; , s. 468-480
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Contaminated soil from industrial or agricultural activities poses a health threat to animals and humans and can also have a detrimental effect on economic systems by making land unsuitable for agriculture and other economic purposes. This problem is of particular concern in tropical developing countries where agriculture is the economic base. Traditional methods for soil remediation are often expensive and energy consuming. In-situ bioremediation has been proposed as a cheaper alternative to conventional methods in areas where remediation would otherwise not be implemented. Despite encouraging results in the laboratory, the practice of in-situ bioremediation is limited, partially due to its inefficiency at low temperatures. The objective of this study is to provide an inventory of some waste products that potentially can be used as amendments for in-situ bioremediation in developing countries in tropical climate. Emphasis has been given to map efficient methods that are appropriate to economically marginalised people in such countries. Waste from livestock operations, crop residues and processing waste constitute the major waste flows in many developing countries. A number of organic by-products can potentially be used to stimulate microbial activity for bioremediation purposes. Three amendments; whey, pyroligneous acid and compost teas were selected to be studied in detail due to their liquid nature and documented capacity to stimulate microorganisms with capacity to degrade pollutants. Experiments are needed to determine their potential for in-situ bioremediation in developing countries in tropical climate.
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| 7. |
- Iraguha, Gasore, et al.
(författare)
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Using an integrated planning guide for the selection and design of a multi-process strategy for bioremediation of toxaphene and heavy metal contaminated soil in a tropical region
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Linnaeus Eco-Tech Conference on Natural Sciences and Technologies for Waste and Wastewater Treatment, Remediation, Emissions related to Climate, Environmental, and Economic Effects.. - : Linnaeus University. - 9789188357410
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The application of pesticides and inappropriate soil management during intensive cotton farming in Chinandega, Nicaragua has left the soil with high residues of toxaphene and potentially several toxic metalloids and heavy metals from the overuse of mineral fertilizers. Most effective remediation approaches are relatively expensive and use technologies that are energy-intensive and hence not applicable in regions with low economic incentives for remediation. The selection of appropriate and low-cost approaches for soil remediation requires a structured and systematic process to ensure reliable outcomes with low environmental impact. The ideal situation is if such projects could contribute to a sustainable development in the region where the remediation is taking place. An Integrated Planning Guide which includes the key concepts of Ecological Engineering within the Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development was used in the identification and design of some applicable and efficient approaches for the clean-up of soil in Chinandega. This resulted in the design of a multi-process bioremediation strategy that meets the sustainability criteria of the Integrated Planning Guide and that has the potential to degrade toxaphene and remediate heavy metals and metalloids in the soil using Jatropha curcas L. for phytoremediation in combination with Bio-augmentation, biochar as a soil amendment, and the use of biochar and alginate as carriers of toxaphene degrading inocula.
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| 8. |
- Maes, Sharon, Dr. 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Airborne monitoring of water quality in remote regions
- 2023
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) points out alpine regions worldwide as climate change hotspots. Expanding and diversifying summer tourism in northern Scandinavian mountains exerts additional severe pressure to these areas and their oligotrophic and sensitive aquatic ecosystems. Previous research at Mid Sweden University has shown that fecal contamination of mountain rivers, indicated by the enumeration of E. coli, is frequent in areas that are intensively being used for tourism and reindeer herding. According to the IPCC, climate change is projected to reduce raw water quality, posing risks to drinking water quality even with conventional treatment. Therefore, there is an urgent need for improved monitoring of water quality in such areas to be able to protect the ecosystem as well as the rights of indigenous people, human and animal health and to provide support for water management decision. To be able to monitor the water quality is of great importance for the sustainability of mountain regions and water sources in general. The inaccessibility of the watercourses in remote mountain areas makes it difficult to establish sufficient monitoring programs.In this research, the use of airborne monitoring systems to assess water quality in remote regions is investigated. Remote monitoring systems based on e.g. drones and satellites have the potential to replace less climate friendly options making use of terrain vehicles, snow mobiles and helicopters. The drones can be equipped with various sensors or sampling equipment, can overcome long transportations as well as time-consuming and expensive field samplings. Drones have great potential to be employed in everyday practices as an essential part of decision support systems for monitoring, evaluation and remediation of contaminated sites. The goal is to use drones to establish water quality monitoring programs in remote regions such as the mountain areas of Northern Sweden. In this research we intend to cover the catchment area of upper parts of river Indalsälven situated in the mountain region on the Swedish/Norwegian border, including the catchment areas of the tributaries Handölan and Enan covering approximately 777km2.One approach in this research is to image large areas of interest by the use of a multispectral camera on a drone and to identify spectral bands or band ratio´s which correlate to physicochemical parameters that are related to water quality. Another approach is to further explore the use of dronebased water sampling for laboratory or in-field analysis of microbial and chemical parameters.Both approaches should eventually lead to the development of a drone-based monitoring program for oligotrophic rivers that can image or measure water pollution with sufficient spatial coverage and time resolution to enable early warning of outbreaks of fecal pollution. Results of this research will contribute to SDG 6, targets 3 and 6 and SDG 14.
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| 9. |
- Maes, Sharon, et al.
(författare)
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Monitoring Tools For Sustainable Water Management In Mountain Areas
- 2022
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Ingår i: 2022: Book of abstracts: Linnaeus ECO-TECH '22. - Kalmar. - 9789189460850
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The naturally oligotrophic rivers in Northern Sweden are generally characterized by a low pollution level. However, an increasing trend in E. coli contamination has been observed in the most upstream catchment area of one of the large rivers of Norhtern Sweden. This decrease in microbial water quality will have a severe negative impact on the ecosystem, wild animals, visitors, inhabitants as well as indigenous people dependent on the land for their daily income, such as Sami herders. The source area of river Indalsälven is part of a very remote, mountainous region with few roads, which makes it challenging to conduct regular water quality monitoring covering the whole area of ±780km2. The aim is to evaluate and implement monitoring tools that are more environmentally friendly and faster than the currently applied methods which can be implemented as an early warning system for fecal contamination in remote mountain areas. Currently, the presence of fecal contamination in Indalsälven´s catchment area is assessed by strategic river-side water sampling, followed by long transport times and laboratory analysis of fecal indicator organisms such as E. coli. The use of drones for water sampling could significantly increase the accessibility and coverage of the research area. Also, analysis time can drastically decrease by doing field analysis of the water samples, e.g. by performing a field-PCR for the detection and quantification of E. coli. On the other hand, the monitoring of proxies for fecal contamination can also be a promising approach for continuous monitoring and the development of an early warning system. Our previous research has shown that river flow rate and river color are potential parameters for this. Continuous measurement of these parameters at well-chosen locations or remote imaging by drones over the whole research area are proposed to investigate this track.
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| 10. |
- Maes, Sharon, et al.
(författare)
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Source Tracking of Fecal Contamination in Northern Oligotrophic Rivers
- 2022
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Ingår i: PROCEEDINGS of the 28th Annual Conference, International Sustainable Development Research Society. - Stockholm. - 9789189504172
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The naturally oligotrophic rivers in northern Sweden are generally characterized by a low pollution level. However, an increasing trend in E. coli contamination has been observed in the most upstream catchment area of one of the large rivers of Norhtern Sweden. This change in microbial water quality will have a severe negative impact on the ecosystem, wild animals, visitors, inhabitants as well as indigenous people dependent on the land for their daily income, such as Sami herders. To limit or prevent the discharge of fecal pollution into the river system and also to estimate the danger that this contamination can pose to human health, it is important to know the source of this contamination. Based solely on structured water sampling, it is still very difficult to pinpoint the sources of fecal pollution. Therefore, a combined analysis of eDNA and microbial source tracking of E. coli isolates from river samples was performed to identify the source of fecal pollution in the research area. E. coli isolates were collected from water samples taken along the tributaries Enan and Handölan. Simultaneously, eDNA samples were collected on the same locations. Additionally, fecal and sewage samples were taken to collect E. coli isolates with a known host source being either human, beaver or reindeer. Also, sequences from genomic E. coli DNA originating from human (obtained from NCBI and University of Alberta, School of Public Health) and from beaver (obtained from University of Alberta, School of Public Health) were collected and included in the study. E. coli isolates were used for the amplification of three Intergenic Regions and subsequent analysis of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms to identify host-specific genetic markers in the E. coli genome. eDNA samples were subjected to metabarcoding targeting mammal DNA to determine the relative species abundance in the water samples. The E. coli prevalence in the research area varies between <1 and 210 CFU/100mL and is dependent on e.g. sampling location (possible point sources), time (tourist intensity and area specific events such as reindeer calve marking) and weather (precipitation, river flow, UV radiation). A library containing the data from E. coli isolates that are known to be originating from the species human, beaver and reindeer was developed and used to identify the host source of the E. coli isolates collected from water samples. Consequently, E. coli isolates could be identified as originating from human, beaver, reindeer or a different mammal species. Results from the eDNA analysis provides information about the relative abundance of mammal species on a certain location. Although these results don´t provide a direct link to the presence or absence of fecal pollution by these species, it can provide interesting knowledge about the source of fecal pollution when combined with the E. coli prevalence data from the same sampling locations and times.
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