| 1. |
- Akambih Tajam, Joseph, et al.
(författare)
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SMALL SCALE IN-SITU BIOREMEDIATIONOF DIESEL CONTAMINATED SOIL –SCREENING LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE
- 2010
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Ingår i: ECO-TECH´10, 22-24 November 2010, Kalmar, Sweden. ; , s. 827-835
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Spillage of diesel oil and other petroleum products is a commonly creating need for siteremediation of contaminated soils. In Sweden the most common remediation action isexcavation of the contaminated soil and off site biological treatment by composting.However, a number of small sites spread out in rural areas end up low on priority lists, andwill not be attended to within foreseeable future if ever. For such areas a low cost, easy toapply remediation techniques would be of interest. Enhanced bioremediation of dieselcontaminants in soil by whey addition has been demonstrated in lab scale. Whey is a byproductfrom cheese production. A first pilot remediation trial on an actual site in Gäddede,County of Jämtland, was started the summer of 2010. Using this site as a case study ascreening life cycle assessment model has been set up. The goal of the study was toinvestigate the environmental performance of the whey method, to benchmark the wheymethod toward the excavation and composting practice and to identify environmental hotspots in the whey treatment life cycle. The study aims at establishing if further work shouldbe put into developing the method, or if the environmental performance is such that the wheymethod should be abandoned. It should be noted that even with a slightly worseenvironmental performance compared to other remediation alternatives whey treatment couldstill be of interest, since the small scale sites in rural areas we talk about here otherwise mostoften would not be attended to.Results from the screening life cycle assessment indicate a rather good environmentalperformance of the whey method, partly depending on impact category considered. For thewhey method, impacts from farming activities in the milk production chain allocated to thewhey give significant contributions. Transportation gives important impacts from both thewhey method and the excavation and off site composting, thus logistics should always beconsidered and optimized. The whey on-site treatment could be an interesting alternative forbioremediation especially at sites that would not otherwise be treated, due to small size orremote location.
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| 2. |
- Haller, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Organic By-Products For Sustainable Soil Remediation - The Effect Of 3 Different Amendments On The Degradation Of Diesel Fuel In A Tropical Ultisol.
- 2014
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Ingår i: ECO-TECH 2014. - Kalmar : Linnaeus University.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In many tropical developing countries, economic incentives are small for soil remediation to take place. Such locations demand special strategies that are energy-efficient, locally adapted and economic. In situ technologies are appealing where energy and material costs are more limiting than the time factor. One potentially sustainable and economic way to enhance the self-organizing capacity of soil ecosystems is by applications of locally available organic by-products to stimulate the polluted ecosystem´s inherent capacity to heal by utilising the embodied energy of the organic pollutant itself, as an energy source for the necessary biochemical transformations. Tropical climate is favourable for biodegradation but many tropical soils are rich in clay which can inhibit the bioavailability of the pollutant and reduce biodegradation kinetics. A pilot scale experiment was performed in order to assess the capability of three amendments based on by-products; whey, pyroligneous acid and compost tea, to enhance degradation of diesel in ultisol. Biweekly applications of 6 mL whey kg-1 soilsignificantly increased the degradation rate but no positive effect on degradation was found of any of the other amendments.
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| 3. |
- Haller, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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TURNING WASTE INTO A RESOURCE FOR REMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL IN TROPICAL DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
- 2012
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Ingår i: PROCEEDINGS LINNAEUS ECO-TECH 2012. ; , s. 468-480
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Contaminated soil from industrial or agricultural activities poses a health threat to animals and humans and can also have a detrimental effect on economic systems by making land unsuitable for agriculture and other economic purposes. This problem is of particular concern in tropical developing countries where agriculture is the economic base. Traditional methods for soil remediation are often expensive and energy consuming. In-situ bioremediation has been proposed as a cheaper alternative to conventional methods in areas where remediation would otherwise not be implemented. Despite encouraging results in the laboratory, the practice of in-situ bioremediation is limited, partially due to its inefficiency at low temperatures. The objective of this study is to provide an inventory of some waste products that potentially can be used as amendments for in-situ bioremediation in developing countries in tropical climate. Emphasis has been given to map efficient methods that are appropriate to economically marginalised people in such countries. Waste from livestock operations, crop residues and processing waste constitute the major waste flows in many developing countries. A number of organic by-products can potentially be used to stimulate microbial activity for bioremediation purposes. Three amendments; whey, pyroligneous acid and compost teas were selected to be studied in detail due to their liquid nature and documented capacity to stimulate microorganisms with capacity to degrade pollutants. Experiments are needed to determine their potential for in-situ bioremediation in developing countries in tropical climate.
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| 4. |
- Jonsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Ecological engineering to improve the sustainability of soil remediation inremote locations and developing countries
- 2013
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Toxic compounds from industrial activities accumulate in the ecosystems at an unsustainable rate. Ecological engineering has been proposed as a tool to design ecosystems that integrate human society with its natural environment for the benefit of the both. Bioremediation is generally considered an ecological engineering practice but even if it addresses one of the core goals of ecological engineering, i.e. restoration of damaged ecosystems, bioremediation can be energy-intensive and have low reliance on self-design, particularly if excavation and ex situ methods are employed.From a thermodynamic point of view, most organic pollutants are composed of molecules with high embodied energies and free energy potential that are appealing features for the use of ecological engineering, especially in locations where economic incentives are small for any kind of remediation to be performed,Based on positive experiences from an ongoing research project in Nicaragua, in which by-products and waste material are used as primary feedstock, it is concluded that the principles of ecological engineering can be useful to make in situ bioremediation a more sustainable practice in remote locations and developing countries.
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| 5. |
- Jonsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Modelling of E.coli transport in river waters as a means to investigaterelationships between settlements within the riparian zone and faecal pollutionof water bodies
- 2013
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The naturally oligotrophic rivers of northern Sweden are generally characterized by a low pollution level and high hygienic quality. E.coli, an indicator of fresh faecal contamination, shows however increasing trends and two recent outbreaks of the Cryptosporidium parasite in city drinking water supplies has caused much concern about drinking water security and ecological status of water bodies. There is also an increasing demand for scenic plots of land close to rivers and lakes for both permanent dwellings and holiday cottages and there is a need for better understanding of relationships between settlements within the riparian zone and river water quality. Measurements of E.coli are made at fixed sampling points along the river. A transport model for E.coli in river water was developed based on literature data for E.coli inactivation rates, water temperature and hydrological conditions. The model was used to estimate the source distance upstream each sampling point in the investigated section of the river. This procedure enabled the establishment of sections of the river that could influence each sampling point by point or diffuse emissions of E.coli. Studies on human development within the riparian zone of each section could then be related to E.coli data at the sampling points. Data on the latest 20 years of development within the riparian zone was gathered from the local municipality archive which contains information on all new and changed properties. The development data was compared to 18 years long time series of seasonal water quality measurement in the studied river. The analysis also considers the effects of known point sources of faecal pollution within the investigated sections such as discharge from municipal sewage treatment plants. This study shows that E.coli is transported considerably longer during winter compared to summer in a regulated section of the river. Lower water temperatures in the winter increases the survival time of E.coli but there is also a strong effect of water regulation for hydro-electric power generation that completely changes the water flow pattern to relatively higher flow during the wintertime compared to non regulated parts of the river. Both these effects increases the transport distance of E.coli. The study also shows the importance of considering the features of the nearby water body when planning for new settlements.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Jonsson, Bertil, et al.
(författare)
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Development of Whiplash associated Disorders for adult and child occupants in cars launched since the 1980s in different impact directions
- 2011
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Ingår i: 2011 IRCOBI Conference Proceedings - International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury (;Krakow;14 -16 September 2011). - : International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury. ; , s. 62-72, s. 62-72
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Studies have shown that crashworthiness of cars addressing fatal and serious injuries has generally improved over time. However, the development regarding injuries leading to medical impairment has not been shown to the same extent. The objective was to investigate the development of Whiplash associated Disorders (WAD) leading to long-term consequences for adult front seat occupants and for children 0-12 years of age in cars introduced at different year intervals and in different impact directions separated for gender. Long-term consequences were defined as occupants with WAD symptoms at least one month and those resulting in medical impairment. The developments were studied for cars divided into intervals according to year of introduction and for frontal, side and rear-end impacts. All adult occupants (35 611) and 76% of all children (973) reporting WAD between 1998 and 2008 were selected. Approximately 2% of the children reporting initial symptoms sustained medical impairment. The corresponding figure for adult occupants was approximately 10%. Between the introduction years 1980-84 and 2000-04 the proportions of adult occupants with medical impairment dropped by approximately 70% (both males and females) in frontal and rear-end crashes, while the reduction in lateral impacts appears to be somewhat lower. For children there is a tendency that the proportion of WAD increases in newer models in frontal collisions. The result indicates that protecting children facing forward deserves more attention from the automotive industry and governmental bodies.
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| 8. |
- Jonsson, Vanessa, et al.
(författare)
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A Scalable Formulation for Engineering Combination Therapies for Evolutionary Dynamics of Disease
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- It has been shown that optimal controller synthesis for positive systems can be formulated as a linear program. Leveraging these results, we propose a scalable iterative algorithm for the systematic design of sparse, small gain feedback strategies that stabilize the evolutionary dynamics of a generic disease model. We achieve the desired feedback structure by augmenting the optimization problems with l1 and l2 regularization terms, and illustrate our method on an example inspired by an experimental study aimed at finding appropriate HIV neutralizing antibody therapy combinations in the presence of escape mutants.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Lundberg, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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The development of a military hybrid simulation model for the training of haemorrhage control in proximal extremity bleedings
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background Exsanguination from extremity wounds is a major cause of potentially preventable deaths in the military environment. With the widespread use of different techniques to control this type of bleeding, such as tourniquets and haemostatic agents, it has now become possible to dramatically improve the survival rate for these casualties. Objective Varying techniques for pre-deployment training of haemorrhage control have been tested and used by the Swedish Armed Forces, for example different types of patient simulators. The recently developed military trauma patient simulators have for example become a major improvement for the training of standard tourniquet application. However, very proximal ‘junctional’ bleedings located in for example axillae and groins still represent a special training problem, since tourniquets cannot be used on these locations. Methods Based upon an idea presented by Moorhouse et al.*, we have developed a hybrid training model, consisting of a modified Laerdal® SimMan® 2G manikin, with a slab of meat with artificial ‘vessels’ running through the base of a series of wounds. Artificial blood under pressure is used to produce a bleeding effect. Results This hybrid model has been used for two years in the training of medics and combat life savers. It represents a realistic bleeding model, which can be used over and over again. Also, the cost for training is low compared to other alternatives. Conclusions Existing patient simulators are not suitable for training of haemorrhage control on proximal extremity locations. Live tissue training on anaesthetized animals is not a first alternative for this kind of training. We consider the proposed hybrid simulation model as the best training method so far.
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