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- Ahlbeck Bergendahl, Ida, et al.
(författare)
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Fisk- och skaldjursbestånd i hav och sötvatten 2016 : Resursöversikt
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I rapporten kan du ta del av bedömningen som görs av situationen för bestånd som regleras inom ramen för EU:s gemensamma fiskeripolitik (GFP). Bedömningarna baseras på det forskningssamarbete och den rådgivning som sker inom det Internationella Havsforskningsrådet (ICES).De bestånd som förvaltas nationellt baseras på de biologiska underlagen, och rådgivningen i huvudsak på den forskning och övervakning samt analys som bedrivs av Institutionen för akvatiska resurser vid Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU Aqua) samt yrkesfiskets rapportering.Rapporten omfattar 41 fiskarter uppdelade i olika bestånd, samt sju skal- och blötdjursarter.Nytt för årets upplaga är kapitlet om ekosystemtjänster. Avsnittet beskriver de fördelar människan får genom ekosystemen, till exempel hur fisk och skaldjur kommer till nytta för människan genom föda, rekreation och biologisk mångfald. Nytt för i år är också att rapportens diagram och figurer anpassats för läsare med defekt färgseende.Översikten är utarbetad av SLU Aqua på uppdrag av Havs- och vattenmyndigheten.
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| 3. |
- Eriksson, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Different beef breed sires used for crossbreeding with Swedish dairy cows - effects on calving performance and carcass traits
- 2020
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Ingår i: Livestock Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1871-1413 .- 1878-0490. ; 232
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Improved potential for weight gain and carcass classification traits in calves aimed at slaughter from dairy herds would increase the calves' economic value, and enable an increased beef production. At present, relatively low economic weights are placed on beef traits in the comprehensive Nordic dairy cattle breeding goal. An effective way to improve beef production from dairy herds is therefore to inseminate a larger proportion of dairy heifers and cows with beef bull semen. In the choice of beef bull breed, both effects on calving traits, carcass weight gain and carcass traits need to be considered. The aim of this study was therefore to compare different beef x dairy crosses regarding calving performance and carcass traits. Field data comprising in total close to 1.6 million calving records from Swedish herds, and more than 1.1 million carcass records from commercial slaughter houses, were analyzed using linear models. Differences in least-square means between different breed combinations were estimated for percentage of calving difficulty, stillbirth, daily carcass gain, carcass weight, EUROP conformation and fat classification. The dams were purebred Swedish Red (SR) or Swedish Holstein (SH), and the sires were either of purebred dairy (SR or SH) or of the beef breeds Angus, Hereford, Limousin, Simmental or Charolais. The results showed that crossbreeding dairy cows with beef bulls, especially of late maturing breeds, has potential to considerably improve beef production from dairy herds. Improvement of carcass characteristics and carcass gain were most noticeable in young crossbred bulls, where the highest increase for single breed combinations was 67% for conformation and 17% for carcass gain. Offspring of different beef x dairy combinations displayed varying average carcass gain and characteristics in terms of fatness and conformation in heifers, steers and young bulls, and would fit different types of production systems. Whereas crossbreeding had small or favorable effects on stillbirth, the use of late maturing beef breed sires negatively influenced the calving performance, especially in primiparous dairy cows. By choosing individual beef bulls with high estimated breeding values for calving ease, the percentage of calving difficulty could be reduced, even when using late maturing beef breed sires for crossbreeding.
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| 4. |
- Ræbild, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Polyploidy – A tool in adapting trees to future climate changes? A review of polyploidy in trees
- 2024
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Ingår i: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 560, s. 121767-121767
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polyploidy, or genome doubling, has occurred repeatedly through plant evolution. While polyploid plants are used extensively in agriculture and horticulture, they have so far found limited use in forestry. Here we review the potentials of polyploid trees under climate change, and investigate if there is support for increased use. We find that polyploid trees like other plants have consistent increases in cell sizes compared to diploids, and that leaf-area based rates of photosynthesis tend to increase with increasing levels of ploidy. While no particular trend could be discerned in terms of biomass between trees of different ploidy levels, physiology is affected by polyploidization and several studies point towards a high potential for polyploid trees to adapt to drought stress. The ploidy level of most tree species is unknown, and analysis of geographical patterns in frequencies of polyploid trees are inconclusive. Artificial polyploid trees are often created by colchicine and in a few cases these have been successfully applied in forestry, but the effects of induced polyploidization in many economically important tree species remains untested. Polyploids would also be increasingly useful in tree breeding programs, to create synthetic hybrids or sterile triploids that could control unwanted spreading of germplasm in nature. In conclusion, this review suggests that polyploid trees may be superior under climate change in some cases, but that the potential of polyploids is not yet fully known and should be evaluated on a case-to-case basis for different tree species.
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| 6. |
- Ostwald, Madelene, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Mapping energy crop cultivation and identifying motivational factors among Swedish farmers
- 2013
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Ingår i: Biomass and Bioenergy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-2909 .- 0961-9534. ; 50, s. 25-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Based on a meta-study, the paper describes the existing options, areal extents, and Swedish farmers' conditions for energy crop production promoted by the governments to mitigate and adapt to climate change. The drivers of and barriers to cultivating various energy crops are described in terms of a variety of motivational factors. The approach used peer-reviewed and gray literature using three Internet sources. Questions addressed include the energy crops available to Swedish farmers and how well established they are in terms of areal extent. What drivers of and barriers to growing energy crops do farmers perceive? How do various motivational factors for these drivers and barriers correspond to the adoption of certain energy crops? The results indicate that 13 energy-related crops are available, of which straw (a residue), oil crops, and wheat are the most extensively produced in terms of cultivated area. Results confirm earlier research findings that converting from annual to perennial crops and from traditional crops or production systems to new ones are important barriers. Economic motivations for changing production systems are strong, but factors such as values (e.g., esthetic), knowledge (e.g., habits and knowledge of production methods), and legal conditions (e.g., cultivation licenses) are crucial for the change to energy crops. Finally, there are knowledge gaps in the literature as to why farmers decide to keep or change a production system. Since the Swedish government and the EU intend to encourage farmers to expand their energy crop production, this knowledge of such motivational factors should be enhanced.
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| 9. |
- Eriksson, Anna-Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of restoration fire on deadwood heterogeneity and availability in three Pinus sylvestris forests in Sweden
- 2013
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Ingår i: Silva Fennica. - 0037-5330 .- 2242-4075. ; 47:2, s. Art. no. 954-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Restoration fires are increasingly used as a conservation tool in Sweden to recreate forests with characteristics of previous forests that were periodically disturbed by fires and promote firedependent species. Restoration fires can result in large inputs of fresh dead wood, but there are risks of losing some of the existing, pre-fire dead wood. To assess these counteracting effects we studied the heterogeneity and availability of dead wood before and after three restoration fires in boreal Scots pine forests. Specifically, we studied volumes of stumps, high stumps, snags and logs. The fires decreased the total volume of pre-fire dead wood (23-41%) and consumed logs in late decay stages (26-54%) to a higher extent than logs in earlier stages. The input of new fresh dead wood after the fires exceeded losses of pre-fire dead wood and resulted in a net increase of dead wood in all three sites. The added dead wood consisted of fresh snags killed by the fires. Fire also affected log characteristics: reducing their vegetation coverage (60-98%), decreasing their ground contact (4-50%) and increasing their surface area of charred wood (>50%). Such changes have important consequences for the micro environmental conditions inside logs, but have been rarely studied in relation to restoration fires. Our results show that restoration fire causes changes in dead wood availability and characteristics of logs. The results imply that ideally stands with low abundance of rare and heavily decayed wood substrates should be burned to optimize dead wood values. Alternatively, management practices should include protection of these substrates during restoration fires.
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| 10. |
- Fagerholm, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Biologisk recipientkontroll vid Södra Cell Värö : årsrapport för 2016
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport undersöker främst påverkan på marint liv från pappersmassafabriken Södra Cell Värö. Sedan 1983 övervakas det marina djursamhället på botten utanför pappersmassafabriken Södra Cell Värö för att undersöka om det processvatten som släpps ut har någon påverkan. Undersökningarna utförs genom provfiske med bottentrål i det havsområde där processvattnet strömmar ut (recipienten Värö). För att kunna göra relevanta tidsserieanalyser utförs även motsvarande provtagning i ett opåverkat område (referensområdet Ustö). Dessutom övervakas uppvandringen av ålyngel (Anguilla anguilla) i Viskan. Den har dokumenterats med hjälp av fångst i fällor i åmynningen sedan 1971. Fångsterna av ålyngel 2016 var större än på tjugoett år. Uppvandringen av juvenil ål i Viskan har följt de trender som observerats på andra platser i Europa och den bedöms inte ha något samband med verksamheten vid Södra Cell Värö. Fångsterna 2016 i provfisket dominerades av unga individer av olika torsk- ( plattfiskarter ( ( sedan provtagningarna startade 1983, särskilt i Värö. Fjärsing (Gadidae) ochPleuronectidae). De vanligaste förekommande arterna i fisket är sandskäddaLimanda limanda) och vitling (Merlangius merlangus). Flera av arterna har positiv utvecklingTrachinus draco), slätvar (Scophthalmus rhomus), ( melops ( ( rödspätta ( visar en nedåtgående trend i referensområdet Ustö. Sedan provfiskets början har artrikedomen ökat i båda områdena. Undersökning av fisksjukdomar påvisade inga betydande skillnader emellan referensområdet vid Ustö och det påverkade området vid Värö. Undersökningarna kan inte påvisa någon negativ effekt på fisk och skaldjur till följd av Södra Cell Värös utsläpp. För att undersöka bottenförhållandena och djurlivet på och i anslutning till utsläppstuben har området filmats varje höst med en fjärrstyrd undervattensfarkost. Havsbottnen i anslutning till tubens södra sida visade tecken på syrebrist vid filmningen 2016. Djurlivet på och runt tuben visade annars inte några förändringar jämfört med tidigare år.kolja (Melanogrammus aeglefinus), knot (Eutrigla gurnardus), rötsimpaMyoxocephalus scorpius), skäggsimpa (Agonus cataphractus), skärsnultra (Symphodus), simkrabba (Liocarcinus sp.), strandkrabba (Cancer maenas) och krabbtaskaCancer pagurus) har ökat i Värö. Några få arter har ökat i referensområdet Ustö, slätvarScophthalmus rhombus), simkrabba och krabbtaska. Till de arter som minskat i antal hörPleuronectes platessa) och torsk (Gadus morhua), kolja och rötsimpa som samtliga
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