| 1. |
- Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Prenatal Phthalate Exposures and Anogenital Distance in Swedish Boys
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Health Perspectives. - : Environmental Health Perspectives. - 0091-6765 .- 1552-9924. ; 123:1, s. 101-107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Phthalates are used as plasticizers in soft polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and in a large number of consumer products. Because of reported health risks, diisononyl phthalate (DiNP) has been introduced as a replacement for di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in soft PVC. This raises concerns because animal data suggest that DiNP may have antiandrogenic properties similar to those of DEHP. The anogenital distance (AGD)-the distance from the anus to the genitals-has been used to assess reproductive toxicity. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine the associations between prenatal phthalate exposure and AGD in Swedish infants. METHODS: AGD was measured in 196 boys at 21 months of age, and first-trimester urine was analyzed for 10 phthalate metabolites of DEP (diethyl phthalate), DBP (dibutyl phthalate), DEHP, BBzP (benzylbutyl phthalate), as well as DiNP and creatinine. Data on covariates were collected by questionnaires. RESULTS: The most significant associations were found between the shorter of two AGD measures (anoscrotal distance; AGDas) and DiNP metabolites and strongest for oh-MMeOP [mono(4-methyl-7-hydroxyloctyl) phthalate] and oxo-MMeOP [mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate]. However, the AGDas reduction was small (4%) in relation to more than an interquartile range increase in DiNP exposure. CONCLUSIONS: These findings call into question the safety of substituting DiNP for DEHP in soft PVC, particularly because a shorter male AGD has been shown to relate to male genital birth defects in children and impaired reproductive function in adult males and the fact that human levels of DiNP are increasing globally.
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| 2. |
- Hedelin, Beatrice, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Participatory modelling for sustainable development : Key issues derived from five cases of natural resource and disaster risk management
- 2017
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Policy. - : Elsevier. - 1462-9011 .- 1873-6416. ; 76, s. 185-196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stakeholder participation is considered a key principle for sustainable development in the context of natural resource and disaster risk management. Participatory modelling (PM) is an interactive and iterative process in which stakeholder involvement is supported by modelling and communication tools. Planning and decision making for sustainable development (SD)integrate three substantive dimensions social, ecological and economic. The procedural dimension of SD, however, is equally important, and here we see great potential for PM. In this study, we evaluate five PM research projects against criteria for the procedural dimension of SD. This provides a basis for identifying key issues and needs for further research into PM for SD. While the cases show great potential, especially for supporting knowledge integration, learning and transparent handling of values and perspectives, they indicate a particular need to develop PM in respect of organizational integration. This issue is closely connected to the possibility of effectively implementing PM in practice.
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| 3. |
- Lindskog, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamic Data Protection Services for Network Transfers: Concepts and Taxonomy
- 2004
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 4th Annual Information Security South Africa Conference. - Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Security should be thought of as a tunable system attribute that allows users to request a specific protection level as a service from the system. This approach will be suitable in future networking environments with heterogeneous devices that have varying computing resources. The approach is also appropriate for multimedia applications that require tuning of the protection level to maintain performance at levels that are acceptable to users. In this paper, we investigate data protection services for network transfers that are designed to offer variable protection levels and propose a taxonomy for such services. The taxonomy provides a unified terminology for dynamic data protection services and a framework in which they can systematically be inspected, evaluated, and compared. The taxonomy is also intended to provide a basis for the development and identification of current and future user and/or application needs. It comprises four dimensions: type of protection service, protection level, protection level specification, and adaptiveness. On the basis of the taxonomy, a survey and categorization of existing dynamic data protection services for network transfers are made
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| 4. |
- Lindskog, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Survey and Classification of Dynamic Data Protection Services for Network Applications
- 2005
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Fifth Conference for the Promotion of Research in IT at New Universities and University Colleges in Sweden (Promote IT 2005). - Lund, Sweden : Studentlitteratur.
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Security should be thought of as a tunable system attribute that allows users to request a specific protection level as a service from the system. This approach will be suitable in future networking environments with heterogeneous devices that have varying computing resources. The approach is also appropriate for multimedia applications that require tuning the protection level to maintain performance at levels that are acceptable to users. In this paper, we survey a number of existing data protection services for network transfers that are designed to offer variable protection levels. The services are classified according to a taxonomy proposed in the paper
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Nordvall, Olov, et al.
(författare)
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Self-reported and performance-based measures of executive functions in interned youth
- 2017
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Ingår i: Psychology, Crime and Law. - : Routledge journals, Taylor & Francis ltd. - 1068-316X .- 1477-2744. ; 23:3, s. 240-253
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study address three questions: (a) Do interned adolescents exhibit general or specific deficits in the core executive functions, as compared to an age-matched control group? (b) Do interned adolescents report more executive problems in everyday life, as compared to an age-matched control group? And (c) are performance-based measures of executive functions related to self-reported executive problems? Thirty-one interned youths and 40 non-interned controls participated in the study. To this end, we measured the three constituents (inhibition, shifting, and updating) of the Unity/Diversity model of executive functioning, as well as the participants' self-reported everyday executive functioning using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functions scale. The interned group performed less well compared to the control group on the majority of performance-based tasks but did not show more pronounced deficits in any one executive function, reflective of a more general deficit. Compared to the controls, the interned adolescents also reported more dysfunction in executive behaviors related to the ability to inhibit action, behavioral flexibility, working memory, and the ability to follow through with tasks. Overall, correlations between self-report and performance-based measures were weak. These findings suggest that performance-based and self-report measures may assess different, albeit important, aspects of executive functioning.
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| 7. |
- Nordvall, Olov, et al.
(författare)
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Self-Reported Impulsivity and its Relation to Executive Functions in Interned Youth
- 2017
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Ingår i: Psychiatry, Psychology and Law. - : Routledge. - 1321-8719 .- 1934-1687. ; 24:6, s. 910-922
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In adolescence, antisocial behaviors increase in prevalence, an occurrence that has been related to the parallel increase of impulsive behaviors. However, impulsivity is a conglomerate of unidimensional impulsigenic traits, divided into aspects of behavioral dyscontrol and sensation seeking. In the present study, we examine how these traits differ between interned youth and an aged-matched control group, and how they relate to executive functioning. Results indicate that impulsigenic traits related to behavioral dyscontrol, but not sensation seeking, are more pronounced in interned adolescents. Also, executive functioning was predictive of lack of premeditation, a trait specifically related to antisocial behavior. One implication of this is that interventions improving executive functioning could be beneficial in the rehabilitation of interned adolescents with impulsivity-related problems.
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| 8. |
- Olofsson, Jonas K., et al.
(författare)
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Smell-Based Memory Training : Evidence of Olfactory Learning and Transfer to the Visual Domain
- 2020
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Ingår i: Chemical Senses. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0379-864X .- 1464-3553. ; 45:7, s. 593-600
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human and non-human animal research converge to suggest that the sense of smell, olfaction, has a high level of plasticity and is intimately associated with visual-spatial orientation and memory encoding networks. We investigated whether olfactory memory (OM) training would lead to transfer to an untrained visual memory (VM) task, as well as untrained olfactory tasks. We devised a memory intervention to compare transfer effects generated by olfactory and non-olfactory (visual) memory training. Adult participants were randomly assigned to daily memory training for about 40 days with either olfactory or visual tasks that had a similar difficulty level. Results showed that while visual training did not produce transfer to the OM task, olfactory training produced transfer to the untrained VM task. Olfactory training also improved participants’ performance on odor discrimination and naming tasks, such that they reached the same performance level as a high-performing group of wine professionals. Our results indicate that the olfactory system is highly responsive to training, and we speculate that the sense of smell may facilitate transfer of learning to other sensory domains. Further research is however needed in order to replicate and extend our findings.
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| 9. |
- Watz, Johan, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Ice cover alters the behavior and stress level of brown trout Salmo trutta
- 2015
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Ingår i: Behavioral Ecology. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 1045-2249 .- 1465-7279. ; 26:3, s. 820-827
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surface ice in rivers and lakes buffers the thermal environment and provides overhead cover, protecting aquatic animals from terrestrial predators. We tested if surface ice influenced the behavior (swimming activity, aggressive encounters, and number of food items eaten) and stress level (coloration of eyes and body) of stream-living brown trout Salmo trutta at temperatures of 3–4 °C in indoor experimental flumes. We hypothesized that an individual’s resting metabolic rate (RMR, as measured by resting ventilation rate) would affect winter behavior. Therefore, groups of 4 trout, consisting of individuals with high, low, or mixed (2 individuals each) RMR, were exposed to experimental conditions with or without ice cover. Ice cover reduced stress responses, as evaluated by body coloration. Also, trout in low RMR groups had a paler body color than those in both mixed and high RMR groups. Trout increased their swimming activity under ice cover, with the highest activity found in high RMR groups. Ice cover increased the number of aggressive encounters but did not influence the number of drifting food items taken by each group. In mixed RMR groups, however, single individuals were better able to monopolize food than in the other groups. As the presence of surface ice increases the activity level and reduces stress in stream-living trout, ice cover should influence their energy budgets and production. The results should be viewed in light of ongoing global warming that reduces the duration of ice cover, especially at high latitudes and altitudes.
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