| 1. |
- Barman, Malin, 1983, et al.
(author)
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Nutritional impact on Immunological maturation during Childhood in relation to the Environment (NICE): a prospective birth cohort in northern Sweden
- 2018
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In: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055 .- 2044-6055. ; 8:10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2018. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. INTRODUCTION: Prenatal and neonatal environmental factors, such as nutrition, microbes and toxicants, may affect health throughout life. Many diseases, such as allergy and impaired child development, may be programmed already in utero or during early infancy. Birth cohorts are important tools to study associations between early life exposure and disease risk. Here, we describe the study protocol of the prospective birth cohort, 'Nutritional impact on Immunological maturation during Childhood in relation to the Environment' (NICE). The primary aim of the NICE cohort is to clarify the effect of key environmental exposures-diet, microbes and environmental toxicants-during pregnancy and early childhood, on the maturation of the infant's immune system, including initiation of sensitisation and allergy as well as some secondary outcomes: infant growth, obesity, neurological development and oral health.METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The NICE cohort will recruit about 650 families during mid-pregnancy. The principal inclusion criterion will be planned birth at the Sunderby Hospital in the north of Sweden, during 2015-2018. Questionnaires data and biological samples will be collected at 10 time-points, from pregnancy until the children reach 4 years of age. Samples will be collected primarily from mothers and children, and from fathers. Biological samples include blood, urine, placenta, breast milk, meconium, faeces, saliva and hair. Information regarding allergic heredity, diet, socioeconomic status, lifestyle including smoking, siblings, pet ownership, etc will be collected using questionnaires. Sensitisation to common allergens will be assessed by skin prick testing and allergic disease will be diagnosed by a paediatrician at 1 and 4 years of age. At 4 years of age, the children will also be examined regarding growth, neurobehavioural and neurophysiological status and oral health.ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The NICE cohort has been approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board in Umeå, Sweden (2013/18-31M). Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and communicated on scientific conferences.
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| 2. |
- Bergemalm, Daniel, 1977-, et al.
(author)
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Changes in the spinal cord proteome of an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis murine model determined by differential in-gel electrophoresis
- 2009
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In: Molecular and cellular proteomics. - : The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,Inc. - 1535-9484. ; 8:6, s. 1306-1317
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of motor neurons resulting in progressive paralysis. To date, more than 140 different mutations in the gene encoding CuZn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) have been associated with ALS. Several transgenic murine models exist in which various mutant SOD1s are expressed. We have used differential in-gel electrophoresis (DIGE) to analyze the changes in the spinal cord proteome induced by expression of the unstable SOD1 truncation mutant G127insTGGG (G127X) in mice. Unlike mutants used in most other models, G127X lacks SOD activity and is present at low levels, thus reducing the risk of overexpression artifacts. The mice were analyzed at their peak body weights, just before onset of symptoms. Variable importance plot (VIP) analysis showed that 420 of 1,800 detected protein spots contributed significantly to the differences between the groups. By MALDI-TOF MS analysis, 54 proteins were identified. One spot was found to be a covalently linked mutant SOD1 dimer, apparently analogous to SOD1 immunoreactive bands migrating at double the molecular weight of SOD1 monomers previously detected in humans and mice carrying mutant SOD1s and in sporadic ALS cases. Analyses of affected functional pathways, and the subcellular representation of alterations suggest that the toxicity exerted by mutant SODs induces oxidative stress and affects mitochondria, cellular assembly/organization, and protein degradation.
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| 3. |
- Forsberg, Karin, et al.
(author)
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Novel antibodies reveal inclusions containing non-native SOD1 in sporadic ALS patients
- 2010
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In: PLOS ONE. - : Public library of science. - 1932-6203. ; 5:7, s. e11552-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mutations in CuZn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and are found in 6% of ALS patients. Non-native and aggregation-prone forms of mutant SOD1s are thought to trigger the disease. Two sets of novel antibodies, raised in rabbits and chicken, against peptides spaced along the human SOD1 sequence, were by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and an immunocapture method shown to be specific for denatured SOD1. These were used to examine SOD1 in spinal cords of ALS patients lacking mutations in the enzyme. Small granular SOD1-immunoreactive inclusions were found in spinal motoneurons of all 37 sporadic and familial ALS patients studied, but only sparsely in 3 of 28 neurodegenerative and 2 of 19 non-neurological control patients. The granular inclusions were by confocal microscopy found to partly colocalize with markers for lysosomes but not with inclusions containing TAR DNA binding protein-43, ubiquitin or markers for endoplasmic reticulum, autophagosomes or mitochondria. Granular inclusions were also found in carriers of SOD1 mutations and in spinobulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) patients and they were the major type of inclusion detected in ALS patients homozygous for the wild type-like D90A mutation. The findings suggest that SOD1 may be involved in ALS pathogenesis in patients lacking mutations in the enzyme.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Kasselias Wiltgren, Layal, 1979-
(author)
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STOLT! : Om ungdomar, etniciteter och gemenskaper
- 2014
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Avhandlingen bygger på ett årslångt fältarbete i en högstadieskola i utkanten av Stockholm med fokus på hur ungdomar samspelar kring och uttrycker etnicitet, nationalitet och flerspråkighet. Alla ungdomar i studien har inom sina familjer, erfarenhet av migration, vilket innebär att de själva eller deras föräldrar har migrerat. Studiens huvudfokus ligger på hur ungdomar i sitt vardagliga samspel på ett kreativt sätt uttrycker och därmed skapar etniciteter och fyller dem med innebörder. Det empiriska materialet bygger på fältanteckningar, över 300 timmars ljudinspelningar och transkriptioner. I analyserna uppmärksammas hur ungdomar använder flerspråkighet och etnicitetskategorier som resurser och hur de använder skratt, humor, retsamt samspel och självironi för att både utmana och stärka varandra och manifestera gemenskaper. Lokala kategoriseringar såsom ”svenne” och ”import” används för att definiera både sina kamrater och den Andre. Svenskhet utgör visserligen en norm, men den står öppen att intas eller omförhandlas. En social regel bland ungdomarna handlar om att vara stolt över sin bakgrund, vilket kan uttryckas både verbalt och visuellt – exempelvis genom att bära etniska och nationella symboler – för att markera tillhörighet och stolthet. I ungdomarnas sociala samspel framstår etniska kategorier inte som rigida, utan snarare rörliga och flytande, något som Stuart Hall refererar till som nya etniciteter, vilka är lokalt skapade och relaterade till mångfald. Analyserna visar att etnicitet, likt andra identitetskategorier, inte är ett ting som människor föds med och bär omkring på utan något som iscensätts och används som resurs i vardaglig social interaktion. Denna studie visar exempel på hur detta görs.
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| 6. |
- Kaufmann, Tobias, et al.
(author)
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Common brain disorders are associated with heritable patterns of apparent aging of the brain
- 2019
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In: Nature Neuroscience. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1097-6256 .- 1546-1726. ; 22:10, s. 1617-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Common risk factors for psychiatric and other brain disorders are likely to converge on biological pathways influencing the development and maintenance of brain structure and function across life. Using structural MRI data from 45,615 individuals aged 3-96 years, we demonstrate distinct patterns of apparent brain aging in several brain disorders and reveal genetic pleiotropy between apparent brain aging in healthy individuals and common brain disorders.
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| 7. |
- Larsson, Karin, et al.
(author)
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Annual screening detects celiac disease in children with type 1 diabetes
- 2008
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In: Pediatric Diabetes. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1399-543X .- 1399-5448. ; 9:4, s. 354-359
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: To investigate the prevalence of celiac disease (CD) in a cohort of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) children and adolescents at the time of clinical diagnosis and to evaluate the screening procedure and possible role of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ during a 5-yr follow-up. Research design and methods: The study group was a cohort of 300 newly diagnosed T1DM children and youths younger than 20 yr followed for 5 yr at six clinical centers for pediatric diabetes in the region Skane in Sweden. Immunoglobulin A endomysium antibodies were used to screen the patients annually to be considered for an intestinal biopsy. All patients were analyzed for HLA-DQA1-B1 genotypes. Results: While 0.7% (2/300) already had a diagnosed symptomatic CD, an additional 3% (10/300) had silent CD at the diagnosis of T1DM. During follow-up, another 6% (17/300) developed CD as follows: 10 after 1 yr, 5 after 2 yr, 1 after 3 yr, and 1 after 5 yr. Therefore, the cumulative frequency of CD confirmed by intestinal biopsies was 10% (29/300). HLA genotypes among T1DM patients developing CD were not different from those among patients with T1DM alone. Conclusions: Our study confirmed the low prevalence (0.7%) of diagnosed symptomatic CD at the time of clinical diagnosis but document by screening an increasing prevalence of silent CD during a 5-yr follow-up to reach an overall prevalence of 10%. We suggest that children with T1DM should be screened for CD at the onset of T1DM and annually for a minimum of at least 2 yr. HLA genotypes among T1DM patients developing CD were not different from those among patients with T1DM alone.
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| 8. |
- Lämås, Kristina, et al.
(author)
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Students’ performance in venous blood specimen collection practice before internship : an observation study
- 2022
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In: Creative Education. - : Scientific Research Publishing. - 2151-4755 .- 2151-4771. ; 13:07, s. 2340-2353
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: Newly trained nurses experience a lack of preparedness in practical skills, and research shows that students and newly trained nurses have deficiencies in performing practical skills such as venous blood specimen collection. There is a lack of knowledge regarding the level of accuracy reached by students after training at clinical training centres and before entering clinical practice. The aim of this study was to assess the performance of venous blood specimen collection among nursing students after regular education and training at the clinical training centre but before starting an internship. Methods: Twenty-three nursing students were observed and video-recorded. An observation protocol was developed based on a validated questionnaire measuring adherence to valid guidelines, and a model for practical skills performance. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Results: A large variation was found in students’ performance with respect to information provided to the patient, patient identification procedures, and tourniquet procedures. The students gave adequate information in 39% of cases, accurately performed patient identification in 83% of cases, and accurately performed the tourniquet procedure in 22% of cases. Conclusions: Many nursing students are not prepared to practice on real patients. It is therefore important for university lecturers to develop more efficient teaching methods and to communicate students’ skill levels to the supervisor at the clinic, in order for the clinical training to be adapted to a suitable level. There is a need for further research on how to close the gap between the university and internship in order to ensure patient safety.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Morian, Hanna, et al.
(author)
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Reliability and validity testing of team emergency assessment measure in a distributed team context
- 2023
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In: Frontiers in Psychology. - 1664-1078. ; 14
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Medical multi-professional teams are increasingly collaborating via telemedicine. In distributed team settings, members are geographically separated and collaborate through technology. Developing improved training strategies for distributed teams and finding appropriate instruments to assess team performance is necessary. The Team Emergency Assessment Measure (TEAM), an instrument validated in traditional collocated acute-care settings, was tested for validity and reliability in this study when used for distributed teams. Three raters assessed video recordings of simulated team training scenarios (n = 18) among teams with varying levels of proficiency working with a remotely located physician via telemedicine. Inter-rater reliability, determined by intraclass correlation, was 0.74-0.92 on the TEAM instrument's three domains of leadership, teamwork, and task management. Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) ranged between 0.89-0.97 for the various domains. Predictive validity was established by comparing scores with proficiency levels. Finally, concurrent validity was established by high correlations, >0.92, between scores in the three TEAM domains and the teams' overall performance. Our results indicate that TEAM can be used in distributed acute-care team settings and consequently applied in future-directed learning and research on distributed healthcare teams.
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