| 1. |
- Andersson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Benefit measures for noise abatement : calculations for road and rail traffic noise
- 2013
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Ingår i: European Transport Research Review. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1867-0717 .- 1866-8887. ; 5:3, s. 135-148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeThe aim of this study is to estimate monetary abatement values for road and rail traffic noise that can be used for policy purposes. However, a main objective is to critically discuss the assumptions necessary to convert the monetary values elicited in willingness to pay (WTP) studies to values than can be use for policy purposes.MethodsWe employ the hedonic regression technique on Swedish data to elicit individuals' preferences for noise abatement. Our elicited values are then converted to policy values and critically examined based on findings from a literature review.ResultsWe show that WTP for road and rail not only differs in levels but also that the relationship between the noise level and the marginal value differs between the two sources. We also show that a health cost component added to the WTP estimate, based on the assumption of uninformed property buyers, will be small but not negligible and that also modest differences in the assumption of the discount rates will have a significant effect on the estimated values.ConclusionsThe main implications from this study are: (i) WTP for road and railway noise abatement differs not only on absolute but also marginal levels, (ii) Even small differences in the chosen discount rate, which is necessary to convert WTP values from a hedonic price study to policy values, have large effects on the policy values, and (iii) We show how to add a health cost component to the WTP estimates in order for the monetary estimates to reflect the total social cost. However, we argue that the motivation for doing so is weak and that more research is needed on this issue.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Bullervärden för samhällsekonomisk analys : beräkningar för väg- och järnvägsbuller
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Noise is a significant social problem. For example, more than 20 per cent of the European Union's population is exposed to higher noise than what is considered acceptable. The transport sector is a major contributor to society's increasing noise problem, due to increased traffic volumes and urbanization exposing more people to noise. Road traffic is admittedly the largest individual noise source in the transport sector, but other transport modes such as aircraft and railways are also responsible for considerable noise emissions. Noise entails costs for the society. This fact, and that society has different needs, means that policies and projects to reduce noise levels need to be evaluated to secure an efficient resource allocation. Benefit cost analysis is a powerful tool to evaluate noise abatement, but it requires both benefits and costs to be measured in a common metric, i.e. in monetary values. Today's official monetary values for all modes are based on the impact of road-traffic noise on property prices. It is a well established fact that the disturbance which individuals experience differs between modes, and therefore there is a need to estimate monetary values based on the respective modes. This report focuses on road and rail noise, two noise sources with different characteristics. This study describes the need to revise the current official Swedish policy values for noise abatement. Current values for road-traffic noise show a progressive relationship between the social cost and the noise level that is too strong, and values for railway noise has been missing and instead based on results for road noise. Valuation of health effects should also be based on EKM since it is sanctioned within the EU, instead of the approach now proposed by ASEK based on estimated total social costs from noise exposure in relation to estimates from willingness to pay studies.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Property prices and exposure to multiple noise sources : hedonic regression with road and railway noise
- 2008
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study examines the effect of road and railway noise on property prices. It uses the hedonic regression technique on a Swedish data set that contains information about both road and railway noise for each property, and finds that road noise has a larger negative impact on the property prices than railway noise. This is in line with the evidence from the acoustical literature which has shown that individuals are more disturbed by road than railway noise, but contradicts recent results from a hedonic study on data of the United Kingdom.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Property Prices and Exposure to Multiple Noise Sources : Hedonic Regression with Road and Railway Noise
- 2010
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Ingår i: Environmental and Resource Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0924-6460 .- 1573-1502. ; 45:1, s. 73-89
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examines the effect of road and railway noise on property prices. It uses the hedonic regression technique on a Swedish data set that contains information about both road and railway noise for each property, and finds that road noise has a larger negative impact on the property prices than railway noise. This is in line with the evidence from the acoustical literature which has shown that individuals are more disturbed by road than railway noise, but contradicts recent results from a hedonic study on data of the United Kingdom.
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| 5. |
- Swärdh, Jan-Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Estimating non-marginal willingness to pay for railway noise abatements : application of the two-step hedonic regression technique
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this study we estimate the willingness to pay for railway noise abatements based on the effect of railway noise on property prices. We estimate both steps of the hedonic regression technique on a large data set of different Swedish regions which contains detailed information about railway noise along with socioeconomic characteristics for each property/household. The estimated demand relationship suggest welfare gains for a 1 dB reduction of railway noise as; 1240 SEK per individual and year at the baseline noise level of 71 dB, and 661 SEK at the baseline noise level of 61 dB. Below a noise level of 49.09 dB, individuals have no willingness to pay for railway noise abatements. In policy, these results can be used for cost benefit analysis and to derive marginal costs for infrastructure charges.
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| 6. |
- Swärdh, Jan-Erik, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Värdering och prissättning av järnvägsbuller : sammanfattningav projektresultat
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Tystnad är en så kallad icke-marknadsvara, vilket innebär att vi inte kan observera något marknadspris. Dock vet vi att tystnad ger nytta (det vill säga buller åsamkar onytta) och därför efterfrågas av individer. För att erhålla denna nytta har individer således en betalningsvilja, vilket kan uttryckas som efterfrågan för tystnad. I denna rapport sammanfattas på svenska projektet Värdering och prissättning av järnvägsbuller som har genomförts vid VTI och finansierats av Trafikverket (tidigare Banverket). Projektet har syftat till att dels skatta efterfrågan för tystnad (motsatsen till järnvägsbuller) och dels att utifrån denna efterfrågefunktion beräkna marginalkostnader för järnvägsbuller.
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| 7. |
- Ögren, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Noise charges for Swedish railways based on marginal cost calculations
- 2011
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper describes an effort to calculate marginal costs for railway traffic in Sweden using 1) standardised and already well established methods for calculating noise and 2) valuations of noise based on hedonic regression. The main point is that the marginal costs are calculated using well established methods used for other purposes (urban planning for the noise method and cost benefit analysis for the noise values), the combination of these methods requires knowledge in both transport economics and acoustics but apart from that no new methods need to be developed. The results show large variations over the network explained mainly by the large variations in population density. It is necessary to include similar variations in a charging system in order to gain the full benefits of internalizing the noise cost.
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